This document provides answers to ethics practice questions on various topics such as human nature, homosexuality, equality, uncertainty, relativism, human rights, vegetarianism, and personal integrity. It discusses different perspectives and provides insights into these ethical issues.
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Running head: ETHICS PRACTICE QUESTIONS ETHICS PRACTICE QUESTIONS Name of the Student: Name of the University: Author note:
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1ETHICS PRACTISE QUESTIONS Week Two- a)Human nature is referred to as the psychological and the social qualities such as the way of thinking, acting and feeling that characterise the humankind, particularly in contrast with the other living creatures (Batson et al. 2016). It is often said that human beings are social animals. The four very basic social instincts of human beings are the fact that human beings are advantage seeking, equality seeking, authority seeking and community seeking. Moreover, as per Bell and Adams (2016), it is the evolutionary forces that have shaped the human nature into complex amalgam of the heroic and bestial, the pitiless and the compassionate. Also, many have argued that the bad in the humannatureiscomparativelystrongerthanthegood.Bothcompassionand benevolence are evolved part of the human nature and they are rooted in the human brain and biology, ready to be cultivated for the sake of greater good. b)To me, homosexuality is not an issue. In fact, I believe that homosexuals are nothing other than the usual human beings, alike in emotional, physical and mental feelings. Although different cultures have different values regarding the appropriateness and inappropriateness of sexuality, my culture, i.e., western culture clearly sanctions the same-sex love and relations and so do I. I don’t think it is wrong at all as people have the full freedom to choose their partners. We all have the right to do what is right for us and if we are happy living our live with a partner that belong to the same sex like us, then I do not think that there is anything wrong in this decision. Week Three- a)I belong from middle class family. I am Australian and I belong to aboriginal Australian race. I am a male of 22 years and my mother tongue is English. I am doing my graduation right now. My father is a physician and my mother is a house wife.
2ETHICS PRACTISE QUESTIONS However, I think my nationality, gender and age are enabling me to achieve well in my present life and with the same, I think I should have stronger educational and family background in order to achieve well and for overcoming the cultural and social barriers. Equality and equity are two completely different strategies that we can make use of in an effort for producing fairness. Equality refers to the task of treating every one equally and it is basically aimed at promoting fairness. On the other hand, equity means giving every person what they need in order to be successful. For instance, a turkey is carved at the dinner table. Equality in this case would mean that everyone including the father, mother and the child would get same sized piece. On the other hand, equity would mean that each one of them choose the sensible option and divide the turkey in accordance to their needs, that is, the larger sized piece for the adults and the smaller one for the child. Exercising sympathy towards the disability policy or showing pity for the hardships of the disable people could ensure them that they are not alone and they would fight for their right. Week Four- a)Uncertainty is the situation in which people experience unknown and imperfect information regarding certain things (Mai 2016). In the field of ethical and critical thinking, uncertainty might led to poor decision making and thinking. It can hamper the intensity and relevance of the decisions that are made or thoughts that are show cased. It shows the state of limited knowledge regarding certain subject where it is impossible to describe the prevailing state as well as the future outcomes. There are several problems associated with having uncertainties in the process of critical thinking. Uncertainties increases the level of complexity in the process of solving the
3ETHICS PRACTISE QUESTIONS business related issues by means of proliferating the amount of information that are necessary to be considered for making decisions. This is because some of the date would converge and the other would be contradictory. Also, there could be cases when some date would not even exist and yet a decision is necessary to be made and that too, quite quickly.Uncertainties could result in some really ineffective and irrelevant thinking and decisions. Week Six- a)I think it is reasonable to claim to be an absolutist for some issues and a pluralist or relativist for others. In this contemporary world, there is high cultural diversity and in this tremendously high cultural diversity that this world is offering, it is just not reasonable to think that the set of cultural practices that one is following is the one and only right set and the rest others are false. It should be understood that all the cultural practices are equally valid and relevant. It is just that the perspective of peopleregardingthingsandtheirviewpointsaredifferent.Thesubjective relativism claims that it is completely wrong to become judgmental, that we shouldnotjudgeotherpeople.Somethingaboutthisclaimseems reasonable. Notwithstanding this, subjective relativisms claim that people should not think that anyone else’s opinion, view point or lifestyle is wrong. This seems absurd.However, if the formation of an opinion regarding someone else means judging them, then it is not possible to accept the first relativist claim and reject the second one. It is to note that Absolutism allows the moral rule to be critically evaluated and it is very fair because human beings are treated same as the rules are same for each and everyone.
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4ETHICS PRACTISE QUESTIONS If any moral rule is right, there would be no necessity for having different rule for different people as the absolute rules are universal. However, it is also to mention that sometimes it is not correct to treat human beings the same as the circumstances that take place because of the situations. It is not right to make each and every one to live by same rules. Week Seven- a)There is a very complex relation in between the human rights and the state power. The state power is often considered to be the police power or the potential or ability of the state to regulate the behaviours as well as for enforcing the order within its territory. The protection and promotion of the human rights by the individual states have an internal and external dimension. It is the state power that could enhance the protection of human rights. They can raise their voices when the rights of human beings are violated. Right after the Second World War, the human rights were regarded to the rights of the individuals to get protection against the external elements. However, gradually it was understood that the main role of human rights is to empower the communities and individuals. It is not for single or individual people but it seeks for making people one and encourage unity and oneness among them so that they fight for their right collectively. The third world countries have not yet formulated and implemented human rights to that extent. They are not yet convinced that human rights should be a primary concern of political ideology. Still, they do not consider human rights to be that important and this is why there are so many violence seen and are still evident in the third world countries as compared to the other parts of the world. On the other hand, the first world nations have realised the value of human rights and its ideology.
5ETHICS PRACTISE QUESTIONS Week Eight- a)Vegetarianism refers to the practice of abstaining oneself from consuming meat of any living organism and also sometimes, it include the abstention from the by- products of the animal laughter (Dagnelie and Mariotti 2017). It is to note that the most commonly objection to eating meat is that for many of the people who are living in the developed nation, it is not important for health or survival. There are many who argue that people slaughter the animals due to the fact that people enjoy the taste of meat and this is something that is morally unjustifiable. The ethical vegans and vegetarians also object to the practice of underlying meat production and they cite their strong concerns regarding animal rights, their welfare and the environmental ethics. Also, there are certain meat eaters who object rearing animals in ways they are done in many of the factory farms as this depicts cruelty. Human beings are capable of innovating and sublimating the instinct for acting in ethical way but animals are not the same and therefore, they are not equal to human beings on the basis of moral level. However, this does not excuse the harsh and cruel behaviour done towards them but it simply implies that the animals are not morally equivalent to the human beings and therefore, they do not possess the rights that human beings have. Hence, it is to state that vegetarianism is far more a moral issue than an ethical issue. Week Nine and Ten- a)My personal integrity depends upon the level of trust, truthfulness, moral character and honesty. I think integrity is all about doing the right things and becoming dependable for the other person. It is all about being impeccable in all of my actions- both private and public. I basically stand with my head held high for what I believe in and constantly strive for being a man whom people could trust in all situations. I
6ETHICS PRACTISE QUESTIONS always do right things all times, whether anybody is seeing me or not. This is because I feel that integrity is about the consistency of our honesty, truthfulness, loyalty and moral characters and consistency means constant. One should never change this nature on the basis of circumstances. Also, if I comes to a situation where I am shown to be wrong, I try to correct the situation as early as possible. With the same, I do not allow my own pride to interfere my work of doing the right things at right time. I personally believe that a man with integrity is a man with strong power to attract the entire world towards him. He is the one who have the potential to mould anything by truthfulness and trust. Hence, I always try to maintain these two things in all my works. It is very rare to find a person with strong integrity. There is barely any person left in this world whom we can trust with love, money or even life. b)The two business are Apple and Pizza Hut. Apple was on the verge of falling apart. Right from 1993 to 1997, the company was struggling hard to make a consistent place in the market and to find a profitable source of revenue (Fernandez and Hendrikse 2015). It was failing in marketing everything right from its digital cameras to the portable CD players and televisions. With the help of Steve Jobs who was ousted because of the internal squabbles, Apple attempted to right ship with a revolving door of stopgap the CEOs. Later, in the year 1997, Apple finally managed to bring back its market reputation as Steve Jobs returned as being the CEO and he was the one to institute the bold change of the direction of the company.Instead of aimlessly following the marginal ideas of product down the rabbit hole, Apple started focusing more on the creation of beautiful customer electronics, beginning with the launch of iMac in the year 1998. Moreover, it is also to mention that the company alsoacquired many companies in the field of digital production space and video editing that comprise of most of its customer base. Customer earlier perceived Apple aspoor
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7ETHICS PRACTISE QUESTIONS qualityas it is made in China but after the change, it is perceived as high quality as because of the higher quality parts that it provides to its customers.Launch of iPod was yet another bigger success with a successful selling of more than hundred million units within just six years after its launch in the global market. The next biggest hit was the launch of iPhone that very recently produced cent percent year over year rise in terms of sales. All this was possible because of its business model and its consistent work and business ethics. Apple sets under B strand. The next business is that of Pizza Hut. Pizza hut under a significant change for enhancing its business as well as to give better services to its customers as there were high demands from the parts of the customers for improvements in the business operation of Pizza Hut (Kim et al. 2017). It has adoptedfranchise system for store forecast and for monitoring the performance of its peopleas well as the food ordering and inventory management of the very business in order to ensure that they maintain the set ethical standards and principles.It has adopted this for applying technology and service in better way by means of management information system. With the same, it is also to note that Pizza Hut isrunning its business with the standard models and the ideology of leadership. It is also to mention that the company is maintaining strong ethical standards in its business operation in recent days and is striving its best to ensure that it never compromise on the quality materials that are being used in different products and the quality services that it provides to its customers. This has changed the perception of its customers from negative to positive. However, Pizza Hut sets under A strand. It provides safe, healthy and quality products and services to its customers it believes the fact that if products are delivered in poor quality, it could led to lawsuits, injury and increased government regulations.
8ETHICS PRACTISE QUESTIONS References: Batson, C.D., Ahmad, N., Lishner, D.A. and Tsang, J., 2016. Empathy and altruism.Oxford handbook of hypo-egoic phenomena: Theory and research on the quiet ego, pp.161-174. Bell, L.A. and Adams, M., 2016. Theoretical foundations for social justice education. InTeaching for diversity and social justice(pp. 21-44). Routledge. Dagnelie,P.C.andMariotti,F.,2017.VegetarianDiets:DefinitionsandPitfallsin Interpreting literature on health effects of vegetarianism. InVegetarian and Plant-Based Diets in Health and Disease Prevention(pp. 3-10). Fernandez, R. and Hendrikse, R., 2015. The financialisation of Apple. Kim, K., Park, O.J., Yun, S. and Yun, H., 2017. What makes tourists feel negatively about tourism destinations? Application of hybrid text mining methodology to smart destination management.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,123, pp.362-369. Mai, J.E., 2016.Looking for information: A survey of research on information seeking, needs, and behavior. Emerald Group Publishing.