Theories and Models of Destination Management
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Added on 2020-06-04
Theories and Models of Destination Management
Added on 2020-06-04
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Table of ContentsTable of ContentsINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................11 Relationship between theories of motivation and tourist decision making.................................12. how tourists’ behaviour and motivation influence tourism development...............................33.) Relationship between traditional theories and modern approaches to destinationmanagement ...............................................................................................................................5CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTIONThere are many reasons for which the people prefer to travel. There are variety of reasonsuch as to escape, leisure, education, health etc. The experience gained by visitors atparticularity destination has great impact on visitors. The various theories and model ofdestination help organisation to make suitable decisions and formulate effectivestrategies .Travel behaviour refers to the way visitor behave after and before travelling. Tistheories can help organisation in making various decision related to product planning anddevelopment. It can assist firm in attracting more numbers of travellers.The study have focus on identifying the relationship between theories of motivation andtourist decision making. It also has emphasized on analysing the tourist behaviour anddetermine the way motivation influence tourism development. The report intends todetermine travel behaviour and more specifically the travel motivation of travellers.1 Relationship between theories of motivation and tourist decision makingThe focus of travel motivation is to explore the fundamental patterns of travel motivationthat is indicated by factor analysis. There are various theories of motivation. Tourist motivationis the main element in developing understanding about tourist decision making behaviour.Travel motivation plays significant role in predicting travel pattern. Tourist motivation is definedas the global integrated network of biological and cultural factors which provides values anddirection to travel choice of visitor and have great influence on their behaviour. On the otherhand various other factors such as facilities, services, pleasure, cultural interest has great impacton decision of travellers related to selecting destination. The visitors or travellers choice ordecision related to travelling at particular destination are much influenced by society and otherinternal factors. The internal factors include individual desire and need of travelling. Varioustheories can be used to analyse tourist behaviour. The theories of motivation include mallowtheory of motivation, Cohen theory, logs typology, cognitive evaluation model.Marlow theory of motivation-It states that there are two types of motivation these are tensionreducing and arousal; seeking motives. According to masc low people have specific needs andthey are motivated by their desire to salsify those demands and requirement. The mallow hassaid that needs can be divided and arranged in heir achy. He has divided and arranged variousneeds on the basis of priority. Marlow has placed physiological need at bottom of heir achy that1
are then followed by safety needs, belongingness love, self esteem needs and he has placed selfactualisation at top priority. According to mallow lower level needs satisfied first before higherlevel wants become significant. Travel motivation indicates individual needs and wants that canbe considered as critical in relation to purchase decision. The Marlow theory of motivation helpsorganisation to identify various needs of visitors that motivates visitors. It will asst tour operatorin enhancing their knowledge about various experiences gained by travellers. This concept willaid tour operator in formulating defective marketing strategy, selecting advertisement media,market segmentation and various decision related to product positioning (Dwyer, Čorak andTomljenović, 2017.)Cohen theory-The Cohen theory emphasizes on the fact that all visitors are seeking someelements of novelty and Strangeness. They must also require retaining something familiar. Thisconcept has focus on combining the demand hotfoot novelty with familiarity that can be used toderisive typology. According To Cohen tourist can be divided on the basis of sociologicalprinciples into various segments such as organised mass tourist, individual mass visitor, explorerand drifter. He roped that these groups can be distinguished along the line of contact with theorganisation, with mass tourist is defined as institutionalised and more individualistic tourist istermed as non institutionalised. Cohen has identified that there re seven elementals thatmotivates travellers to visit particular destination. These are travel as response to fulfillingdesire, destination attraction, fancy to travel, motivational typologies, motivation and touristexperience.Plogs Typology theory-The Plog has identified 7 categories of tourist. These categories havebeen termed as Interactional typologies. This typology include explorer, elite, offbeat, usual,incipient mass, mass and charter. This approach is based on seeking tourist view about their realand general lifestyles and value system. This approach can be used by Firm for examining touristmotivation as well as analysing visitors attitude and perception related to specific destination.The tourist typology states that travellers can be categories on the basis of their travellingExperience. The various categories of visitors are adventurous, worriers, dreamers, economisersand indulgences theory states that typo[geology constitute a very significant tool that is used byvisitors for making various decision related to travelling. Tourism planning assist visitor inrecognising need of travelling, spatial effect and benefit of travelling. It encourages them toselect particular destination (Armenski,Dwyer, and Pavluković, 2017)2
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