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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
System Produced.........................................................................................................................1
Project Management & Process and Personal Achievement......................................................2
Professional Issues......................................................................................................................4
Legal Issues.................................................................................................................................4
Social Issues................................................................................................................................5
Ethical Issues...............................................................................................................................5
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................7
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
System Produced.........................................................................................................................1
Project Management & Process and Personal Achievement......................................................2
Professional Issues......................................................................................................................4
Legal Issues.................................................................................................................................4
Social Issues................................................................................................................................5
Ethical Issues...............................................................................................................................5
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................7
Introduction
To have an ease within operations, firms or institutes develop their own information
systems. This assists them in carrying out their roles as well as responsibilities in impelling way.
The systems which assists within organising as well as analysis of data is defined as information
system (Chatterjee and et. al., 2016). The assignment comprises of a website which deals with
room booking system for an University. In this report, critical evaluation has been presented
with respect to system produced, project management & process along with personal
achievement. Furthermore, professional, legal, social and ethical issues have also been presented.
System Produced
The rationale behind this project is to render flourishing information system that will
benefit academic staff as well as student representatives for scheduling and arrangement of
rooms for carrying out peculiar events like workshops, conferences and lectures. The system has
been formulated by keeping these aspects in the mind. It comprises of three users: student
representative, teacher and administrator who will be having individual responsibilities within
the system. These functions involves administration, room visualisation, integration of API's
(Application Programming Interface) and also the reviews as well as feedback from users will be
taken back so that functionalities of overall system can be further amplified.
The functional requirements along with aim of system has been specified above and it is
has been observed that the purpose of system has been accomplished. This has been evaluated by
analysing the features of proposed system as well as the one that is attained. Website has been
developed which comprises of home page and contains general information related with this,
users must be authenticated as well as each field needs to be verified & validated before it has
been submitted. For the purpose of security, within database these are encrypted and for
scalability it has been ensured that they support more than one browsers.
Room booking system is robust which denotes reliability. This can be understood by
taking an instance, suppose if third person get an access to database of University in which
details related with room booking system are present then, alterations can be made by intruder
for defaming the University or making any kind of conflicts. But in this system, it has been
avoided, even if intruder will have access to database still then they won't be able to make use of
1
To have an ease within operations, firms or institutes develop their own information
systems. This assists them in carrying out their roles as well as responsibilities in impelling way.
The systems which assists within organising as well as analysis of data is defined as information
system (Chatterjee and et. al., 2016). The assignment comprises of a website which deals with
room booking system for an University. In this report, critical evaluation has been presented
with respect to system produced, project management & process along with personal
achievement. Furthermore, professional, legal, social and ethical issues have also been presented.
System Produced
The rationale behind this project is to render flourishing information system that will
benefit academic staff as well as student representatives for scheduling and arrangement of
rooms for carrying out peculiar events like workshops, conferences and lectures. The system has
been formulated by keeping these aspects in the mind. It comprises of three users: student
representative, teacher and administrator who will be having individual responsibilities within
the system. These functions involves administration, room visualisation, integration of API's
(Application Programming Interface) and also the reviews as well as feedback from users will be
taken back so that functionalities of overall system can be further amplified.
The functional requirements along with aim of system has been specified above and it is
has been observed that the purpose of system has been accomplished. This has been evaluated by
analysing the features of proposed system as well as the one that is attained. Website has been
developed which comprises of home page and contains general information related with this,
users must be authenticated as well as each field needs to be verified & validated before it has
been submitted. For the purpose of security, within database these are encrypted and for
scalability it has been ensured that they support more than one browsers.
Room booking system is robust which denotes reliability. This can be understood by
taking an instance, suppose if third person get an access to database of University in which
details related with room booking system are present then, alterations can be made by intruder
for defaming the University or making any kind of conflicts. But in this system, it has been
avoided, even if intruder will have access to database still then they won't be able to make use of
1
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information and the reason behind this is that data is stored in encrypted form. This denotes that
the system is reliable as users are authenticated when they enters within the website.
The system is easy to use as the labels used are very clear which provides users with an
easiness to understand which label means what. Suppose if someone is making use of internet for
the first time and enters website, it will not be a problematic for them to understand. This means
that system is attractive and possess the ability to be understood by itself only rather than taking
guidance from someone else.
It is a cohesive system but comprises of different modules present within. It is not a
mishmash though it provides each individual their own login credentials depending upon their
operations or tasks they have to carry out. For an example, administrator is liable for controlling
user management as well as they are responsible for creation, modification and deleting users
along with this privilege rights will also be provided to specified users. This denotes that
depending upon requirements of individuals different login options are being provided. It acts as
a single cohesive system but provides the features depending accessibility.
The technology that has been utilised within development of Room booking system is
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) which is designed for web development. The rationale behind its
utilisation was that it can run on diverse platforms like (Unix, Linux, Windows, etc.) and it also
supports ample of databases which denotes that connectivity will also not be a difficult task. It is
a free as well as can effectively execute on server side (Davis and Yen, 2018).
The non-functional requirements have been addressed efficaciously like for security
encryption was used within database and each user was given different accessibility like student
representative, teacher and administrative. To ensure that system seems to be a single cohesive
system integration of API's have been carried out which makes it more smoother. Apart from all
this, there are certain aspects for improvisation like the negative reviews of University should not
be visible as it will hamper their image.
Project Management & Process and Personal Achievement
In terms of coding things went well as work was divided into four and all individuals
sections worked well. For example, I was liable for creation functional login system and
dashboard, other needs to carry out database connectivity, other have to prepare a content for
website and the rest was done by the other member. The login system included details like
username, password, status, etc. These details were stored in database. Individually things went
2
the system is reliable as users are authenticated when they enters within the website.
The system is easy to use as the labels used are very clear which provides users with an
easiness to understand which label means what. Suppose if someone is making use of internet for
the first time and enters website, it will not be a problematic for them to understand. This means
that system is attractive and possess the ability to be understood by itself only rather than taking
guidance from someone else.
It is a cohesive system but comprises of different modules present within. It is not a
mishmash though it provides each individual their own login credentials depending upon their
operations or tasks they have to carry out. For an example, administrator is liable for controlling
user management as well as they are responsible for creation, modification and deleting users
along with this privilege rights will also be provided to specified users. This denotes that
depending upon requirements of individuals different login options are being provided. It acts as
a single cohesive system but provides the features depending accessibility.
The technology that has been utilised within development of Room booking system is
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) which is designed for web development. The rationale behind its
utilisation was that it can run on diverse platforms like (Unix, Linux, Windows, etc.) and it also
supports ample of databases which denotes that connectivity will also not be a difficult task. It is
a free as well as can effectively execute on server side (Davis and Yen, 2018).
The non-functional requirements have been addressed efficaciously like for security
encryption was used within database and each user was given different accessibility like student
representative, teacher and administrative. To ensure that system seems to be a single cohesive
system integration of API's have been carried out which makes it more smoother. Apart from all
this, there are certain aspects for improvisation like the negative reviews of University should not
be visible as it will hamper their image.
Project Management & Process and Personal Achievement
In terms of coding things went well as work was divided into four and all individuals
sections worked well. For example, I was liable for creation functional login system and
dashboard, other needs to carry out database connectivity, other have to prepare a content for
website and the rest was done by the other member. The login system included details like
username, password, status, etc. These details were stored in database. Individually things went
2
well, they were compiled to give it a look of identical system then the problems raised. When
integration took place but they were managed.
The requirements as well as documentation assisted within ways in which project can be
carried out. It provided with guidelines with respect what has be done and how it can be done
along with the way it has to be (Sligo and et. al., 2017). Time was managed in appropriate
manner as per it was scheduled but when integration was being done the some bugs came as
database connectivity created a problem which lead us to deviate the time frame. Still before its
deadline, it was accomplished.
Each of the group member possess knowledge of PHP, this made it easy to work on this
project. The source code was divided into sections depending upon each segment that has to be
developed. Last portion was integration of source code but here things did not go well and the
segments were not working as they were supposed to be. This created certain issues related with
time management, how it can be resolved and what needs to be done further so that these
problems can be resolved. Integration didn't gone well denotes that entire system is not working
which was an obvious issue. Instead of stress each team member tried to identify what went
wrong and for this bugs which came were analysed so that they can be corrected. The problems
were not major but the connectivity of database had some problems due to which information
filled within login page was not saved and error occurred each time. At this moment, other thing
was also realised that if two users have same name then also some conditions have to be applied
so that at latter section it may not lead to a problem. For an example, suppose booking of room
has been made at the name of Peter Jackson and booking has been confirmed but if other user
with same name login into system, then user may say invalid or wrong password. Here, the
system must have other field which may include user_name in which it has to be unique. This
will assist to avoid such kind of issues.
Problem related with integration was resolved by connecting all the pages with one other
as well as linking them with database. This assisted to resolve the problem in an appropriate
manner and user can book their room as per requirements. The testing strategies were good as
issues were identified, the basic tactic was followed in which all the fields were filled and cross
verified. This was done manually but the results attained were apt. Each individual within group
has power to build up decisions and intimate it to all so that their segment do not get affected by
this. Documentation was carried out before actual working was strated so that roadmap is there
3
integration took place but they were managed.
The requirements as well as documentation assisted within ways in which project can be
carried out. It provided with guidelines with respect what has be done and how it can be done
along with the way it has to be (Sligo and et. al., 2017). Time was managed in appropriate
manner as per it was scheduled but when integration was being done the some bugs came as
database connectivity created a problem which lead us to deviate the time frame. Still before its
deadline, it was accomplished.
Each of the group member possess knowledge of PHP, this made it easy to work on this
project. The source code was divided into sections depending upon each segment that has to be
developed. Last portion was integration of source code but here things did not go well and the
segments were not working as they were supposed to be. This created certain issues related with
time management, how it can be resolved and what needs to be done further so that these
problems can be resolved. Integration didn't gone well denotes that entire system is not working
which was an obvious issue. Instead of stress each team member tried to identify what went
wrong and for this bugs which came were analysed so that they can be corrected. The problems
were not major but the connectivity of database had some problems due to which information
filled within login page was not saved and error occurred each time. At this moment, other thing
was also realised that if two users have same name then also some conditions have to be applied
so that at latter section it may not lead to a problem. For an example, suppose booking of room
has been made at the name of Peter Jackson and booking has been confirmed but if other user
with same name login into system, then user may say invalid or wrong password. Here, the
system must have other field which may include user_name in which it has to be unique. This
will assist to avoid such kind of issues.
Problem related with integration was resolved by connecting all the pages with one other
as well as linking them with database. This assisted to resolve the problem in an appropriate
manner and user can book their room as per requirements. The testing strategies were good as
issues were identified, the basic tactic was followed in which all the fields were filled and cross
verified. This was done manually but the results attained were apt. Each individual within group
has power to build up decisions and intimate it to all so that their segment do not get affected by
this. Documentation was carried out before actual working was strated so that roadmap is there
3
with respect to which further development can be carried out. This provided quality in work as
all the important aspects were covered and still if any second though occurred it was being
addressed. It can have been better if waiting number has been provided so that in any case if
someone cancels the booking the top one on the list gets message for carrying out booking.
Professional Issues
Set of rules which summarises rules, policies as well as responsibilities so that project
can be completed as per the desired standards is referred to as code of conduct (Seabrooke and
Henriksen, 2017). But still then a project leader was there who has to abide and ensure that each
abides to that for ensuring that desired standards related with room booking systems have been
attained. Few of them have been mentioned below:
Providing the guidelines to team members with what have to be done and in what
manner it can be acquired.
There must be credibility which leads to formulation of trust in terms of reliability,
credibility and self-orientation.
Each individual must be responsible for what they are doing and if they are carrying out
their responsibilities in their own way then that should be reported to leader so that
other might also benefit from this.
There must be a mutual respect and harassing words must not be used. Each individual
is liable to work in collaboration with each other so that responsibilities can be carried
out in a committed manner as per standards.
As such there was no professional issue as each came on mutual understanding to work
on this project. But problems still existed like focus of each was on their own part and it was just
to implement it rather on the whole either system will be efficacious or not. This was very
evident when integration was carried out as system was not working as it has to be.
Legal Issues
The permission from Head of University was taken so there was not any kind of legal
problem that was raised. Each individual within a team has their own opinions and can voice out
what they feel with respect to that. But still then as it was a booking system certain laws or acts
have to be taken into account like equality act (Thornton, 2017). While development of project
emphasis was on buidling an effective system and it was not like that females will be given more
priority then men instead of that rooms will be filled on the basis of first come first serve. Data
4
all the important aspects were covered and still if any second though occurred it was being
addressed. It can have been better if waiting number has been provided so that in any case if
someone cancels the booking the top one on the list gets message for carrying out booking.
Professional Issues
Set of rules which summarises rules, policies as well as responsibilities so that project
can be completed as per the desired standards is referred to as code of conduct (Seabrooke and
Henriksen, 2017). But still then a project leader was there who has to abide and ensure that each
abides to that for ensuring that desired standards related with room booking systems have been
attained. Few of them have been mentioned below:
Providing the guidelines to team members with what have to be done and in what
manner it can be acquired.
There must be credibility which leads to formulation of trust in terms of reliability,
credibility and self-orientation.
Each individual must be responsible for what they are doing and if they are carrying out
their responsibilities in their own way then that should be reported to leader so that
other might also benefit from this.
There must be a mutual respect and harassing words must not be used. Each individual
is liable to work in collaboration with each other so that responsibilities can be carried
out in a committed manner as per standards.
As such there was no professional issue as each came on mutual understanding to work
on this project. But problems still existed like focus of each was on their own part and it was just
to implement it rather on the whole either system will be efficacious or not. This was very
evident when integration was carried out as system was not working as it has to be.
Legal Issues
The permission from Head of University was taken so there was not any kind of legal
problem that was raised. Each individual within a team has their own opinions and can voice out
what they feel with respect to that. But still then as it was a booking system certain laws or acts
have to be taken into account like equality act (Thornton, 2017). While development of project
emphasis was on buidling an effective system and it was not like that females will be given more
priority then men instead of that rooms will be filled on the basis of first come first serve. Data
4
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Protection act was other crucial aspect which was taken into account and this was the reason
that encryption was being carried out by which third person do not get into database or access the
system without appropriate rights. This assisted to save their information from going into wrong
hands which might be misused.
Social Issues
The system has been build in such a way that it will not hamper any body respect or
someone will not regret why they opted to make it use. But its not so easy to implement as per
the feasibility and time the best possible was done. To ensure that any social issue may not arise
encryption was carried out. But still if password entered by user is not strong then it can be
decrypted easily as there exist wide range of attacks like brute force, dictionary, etc. and if
person knows the individual then hit and trial will also lead to have access to their details
(Sonenshein, 2016). By having appropriate resources as well as possessing knowledge related
with such aspects, it can be avoided. For an instance, in this system RSA has been used for
encryption but AES can be utilised so that prevailing risks can be eliminated or minimised. This
will ensure that there system is protected from the end of the University.
Ethical Issues
There have to be intellect property rights like copyright or trademark so that, this project
can be protected. Not in the terms of security but in context of same system is formulated by
others like its duplication. Appropriate guidelines are provided which must be read by individual
before booking room. They are provided to ensure that users do not make their information
vulnerable to any kind of cyber attack as weak passwords often lead intruder to crack the system
(Arenas Moya and et. al., 2016). This will lead to violation of security and at last developers are
to be blamed if something goes wrong. Utilitarianism has been taken into account while
development of this project as it is a consequence which states real factors needs to be taken into
consideration when decisions are to be taken. Basically, this theory denotes that right choice
leads to appropriate results for large number of users. But still lots of changes can be made for
enhancing this system so that further risks can be avoided.
Conclusion
From above, it has been observed that room booking system will make it easy for
University to carry out their processing related with this aspect. The manual booking is time
5
that encryption was being carried out by which third person do not get into database or access the
system without appropriate rights. This assisted to save their information from going into wrong
hands which might be misused.
Social Issues
The system has been build in such a way that it will not hamper any body respect or
someone will not regret why they opted to make it use. But its not so easy to implement as per
the feasibility and time the best possible was done. To ensure that any social issue may not arise
encryption was carried out. But still if password entered by user is not strong then it can be
decrypted easily as there exist wide range of attacks like brute force, dictionary, etc. and if
person knows the individual then hit and trial will also lead to have access to their details
(Sonenshein, 2016). By having appropriate resources as well as possessing knowledge related
with such aspects, it can be avoided. For an instance, in this system RSA has been used for
encryption but AES can be utilised so that prevailing risks can be eliminated or minimised. This
will ensure that there system is protected from the end of the University.
Ethical Issues
There have to be intellect property rights like copyright or trademark so that, this project
can be protected. Not in the terms of security but in context of same system is formulated by
others like its duplication. Appropriate guidelines are provided which must be read by individual
before booking room. They are provided to ensure that users do not make their information
vulnerable to any kind of cyber attack as weak passwords often lead intruder to crack the system
(Arenas Moya and et. al., 2016). This will lead to violation of security and at last developers are
to be blamed if something goes wrong. Utilitarianism has been taken into account while
development of this project as it is a consequence which states real factors needs to be taken into
consideration when decisions are to be taken. Basically, this theory denotes that right choice
leads to appropriate results for large number of users. But still lots of changes can be made for
enhancing this system so that further risks can be avoided.
Conclusion
From above, it has been observed that room booking system will make it easy for
University to carry out their processing related with this aspect. The manual booking is time
5
consuming and individuals are not aware whether they can have accommodation facilities or not
as there is no information system which will provide them details. All the crucial aspects related
with security of system and its user has been taken into consideration to that they can be
provided with an effective & useful means to carry out their operations.
6
as there is no information system which will provide them details. All the crucial aspects related
with security of system and its user has been taken into consideration to that they can be
provided with an effective & useful means to carry out their operations.
6
References
Books & Journals
Arenas Moya, D. and et. al., 2016. Hospital malnutrition related to fasting and underfeeding: is it
an ethical issue?. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 31(3), pp.316-324.
Chatterjee, M. and et. al., 2016. Wearable personal information system. U.S. Patent 9,386,932.
Davis, W. S. and Yen, D. C., 2018. The information system consultant's handbook: Systems
analysis and design. CRC press.
Seabrooke, L. and Henriksen, L. F. eds., 2017. Professional networks in transnational
governance. Cambridge University Press.
Sligo, J. and et. al., 2017. A literature review for large-scale health information system project
planning, implementation and evaluation. International journal of medical informatics,
97, pp.86-97.
Sonenshein, S., 2016. How corporations overcome issue illegitimacy and issue equivocality to
address social welfare: The role of the social change agent. Academy of Management
Review, 41(2), pp.349-366.
Thornton, J. P., 2017. Conflict of interest and legal issues for investigators and authors. Jama,
317(17), pp.1761-1762.
7
Books & Journals
Arenas Moya, D. and et. al., 2016. Hospital malnutrition related to fasting and underfeeding: is it
an ethical issue?. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 31(3), pp.316-324.
Chatterjee, M. and et. al., 2016. Wearable personal information system. U.S. Patent 9,386,932.
Davis, W. S. and Yen, D. C., 2018. The information system consultant's handbook: Systems
analysis and design. CRC press.
Seabrooke, L. and Henriksen, L. F. eds., 2017. Professional networks in transnational
governance. Cambridge University Press.
Sligo, J. and et. al., 2017. A literature review for large-scale health information system project
planning, implementation and evaluation. International journal of medical informatics,
97, pp.86-97.
Sonenshein, S., 2016. How corporations overcome issue illegitimacy and issue equivocality to
address social welfare: The role of the social change agent. Academy of Management
Review, 41(2), pp.349-366.
Thornton, J. P., 2017. Conflict of interest and legal issues for investigators and authors. Jama,
317(17), pp.1761-1762.
7
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