Event Management Assignment 2022

Running head: EVENT MANAGEMENT
EVENT MANAGEMENT
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Executive summary
This paper is going to analyse and focus on the Tokyo Olympics 2020, which is popularly known
as the Tokyo 2020 which is an upcoming event. This paper will provide a literature review on the
potential impacts of the event on the society and the stakeholders. In this paper all the negative
and positive impacts will be highlighted and discuss the use of risk management strategy that
will help in effectively managing and organising the event. The decision of trade-off will be
shown which will contribute to the success of the event and the impacts on the stakeholders.

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Literature review..............................................................................................................................4
Impact of Tokyo 2020.....................................................................................................................7
Discussion........................................................................................................................................9
Management strategies for the impacts of the event...................................................................9
Trade off between the types of impacts and the impacts on the stakeholders...........................11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12

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Introduction
The Tokyo Olympics 2020 is an upcoming international event which is officially
recognized as the Games of the XXXII Olympiad. This is a multi-sport event which is scheduled
to happen from July, 24 to August, 9 in the year 2020 in Tokyo, Japan. There are some
preliminary events that will begin on July, 22.
Tokyo was considered and chosen as the host city during 125th IOC Session in the
country Argentina on September 7, 2013. The Tokyo Olympics 2020 will mark the return of the
Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo since the year 1964. In Asia, Tokyo is said to be the first city
to twice host the Olympic Games. This event will see the introduction of various additional
disciplines with many sports of Summer Olympics which will include freestyle BMX, Madison
cycling and 3x3 basketball. The new IOC has added new games to make it greater and these
games will make Olympic debuts which will include surfing, skateboarding, sport climbing and
karate. The Tokyo Olympics will also see the return of two other sports which is softball and
baseball which were removed in the year 2008 from the summer program. The Tokyo Olympics
1964 changed and transformed Japan completely and the upcoming Tokyo Olympics 2020 is
said to be the most innovative which will help in bringing positive reform in the entire world by
establishing on three concepts which is achieving the personal best, acceptance of one another
and promote diversity and connecting to the tomorrow (The Tokyo Organising Committee of the
Olympic and Paralympic Games, 2019). This paper is going to reflect on the event, Tokyo
Olympics, 2020 and provide the impacts of the event on the city and their various stakeholders.

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Literature review
The Olympic Games has become a vital international event that features winter and
summer sports. The Olympics are organized in the interval of four years. With time the
Olympics has had significant growth and has become huge. Initially only the men could
participate in the sports and the women were restricted to from these events however in recent
times the participation of various women athletes are being witnessed in different categories of
sports. With time, the Olympic Games have changed their norms and have been seen to
encourage diversity which has had a huge impact on the society. The Olympic Games are said to
be all about heroics, national pride and competition however, the Olympic Games have become a
big means of business that not only has a deep impact on the stakeholders but also on the
economy of the host country. According to reports, the Tokyo Olympics, 2020 alongside with
the government of the country estimated to spend around $30 billion for the event (Los Angeles
Times, 2019). However, the news of expenditure did not go to well with the people and thus
Tokyo, 2020 faced a lot of criticism which led them to cut their budget and make it to $2 billion.
Confirming the news, the spokesperson of the Tokyo Olympics 2020, Masa Takaya put out a
statement that they managed to curtail the expenses and stated that Tokyo is working hard and to
the best of their capacity to ensure that the Games are delivered in a sustainable manner (Los
Angeles Times, 2019). According to scholars, the Olympics usually tends to be not very positive
than it is actually anticipated as most cities have seen to be fall in debts massively (Brückner &
Pappa, 2015). This often has a negative impact on the economy of the host countries in the long
run. Hosting the Olympic Games is said to be more expensive in comparison to the bidding
process. According to reports Tokyo lost around $150 million on their bid for the Olympics in
the year 2016 (Telegraph.co.uk, 2019). Many scholars have stated that the Olympics are very

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expensive not only during the event but also after the event because of the nature and size of the
arenas that were created (Baade & Matheson, 2016). It has been seen that the stadium in Sydney
that was created during the Olympic Games costs around 30 million annually just for the
maintenance of the arena. The facilities that were created in the year 2004 for Athens Olympics
had resulted in the debt for Greece (Kasimati, 2015).
The Tokyo Olympics will result in employment of many individuals in the city as to
create and set up a huge event like this there is a need and support of a lot of people. However,
there are counter arguments that state that most of the jobs are carried out by the permanent
employees and the people who are hired for the event are temporary which does not bring them
much benefit in the future (Pilipenko, 2013).
The Tokyo Olympics 2020 is projected to be a massive event and has already attracted
the attention of many people around the world because of the new games that have been included
and as the games are being held in Tokyo after 56 years. Gabriela, Bogdan & Bulin, (2013)
states Olympics help in promoting tourism. The event which is happening at a massive scale may
help bringing many viewers to watch the games which will help in adding extra revenue to this
event.
The Tokyo Olympics 2020 is going to be a massive event and is going to have a huge
impact on the people in the city. In order to create such a big environment, it is necessary to have
exceptional and cohesive teams to work on the project to make the event a huge success and
worthy. This massive event may have an impact on creative job opportunities for the residents of
the city. There are thousands of athletes, sponsors and media that visit host cities prior to six
months which also may help in generating additional revenue for the Tokyo Olympics 2020.

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This event may have a positive impact on the development of the city like constructing
proper roads for the conveyance of people to the event and environmental cleanup. This is
necessary to present the host city in good light and provide high quality hospitality to the
stakeholders of the event. This may help Tokyo in their further growth. According to scholars,
events like the Olympics contribute to the growth of the city and help in generating revenues, a
positive experience and give the city a sense of pride (Wilks, 2016). There are many scholars
who have stated big events like this only focus on cleaning and maintaining the environment
before the events and do not look into the matter after the events. One of the biggest
environmental challenges that Tokyo faces is waste management and an event at a huge scale
like the Olympics is likely to produce solid waste like cans, bottles, food and many more.
The Tokyo 2020 is pictured to be a huge event with many benefits however there the
event is also seen as a concern in the society. Tokyo has a massive population of more that 13
million people. The density of the population is so high that has led to the housing crisis in the
city. Due to 83% of the region of Japan is mountainous; there is major crisis in terms of
availability in Tokyo. This has led to people in Tokyo live in slums and in very adverse
conditions. Tokyo 2020 has been spending billions to create the correct infrastructure for the
athletes to perform comfortably and for the visual experience of the spectators especially who are
visiting the city from all across the globe. Social workers and the people who are living in
distress might not be happy with the decision of the government spending so much money on the
event and not catering to the needs and basic necessities of the people.
Tokyo also suffers from issue like water supply. In a grand event like the Olympics,
Tokyo has to ensure clean water is available for the spectators, the athletes, the stakeholders of
the event and the necessary games like swimming. Murayama, Saito & Nishioka, (2013) opines

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water supply issues are one of the major problems that is arising in Tokyo and it is important for
Tokyo to come up with measurable steps to ensure adequate amount of water supply as most
people in the city do not have access to clean water. The positive impact will be Tokyo will be
able to provide adequate water for the event to be a successful one and will also help in ensuring
quality hospitality. However it may affect the people of the city as they might not get access to
the amount of water to suffice their basic needs.
In recent times, people are becoming more informed and concerned about climate
change. The use of electricity is said to have a key role in contributing to the climate change thus
at a huge scale event like the Tokyo Olympics 2020, it can be seen that electricity is necessary at
a huge scale and this might contribute to the increase in climate change in the world. This may
have negative impacts on the environment of Tokyo. However, electricity is one of the key
resources that will help in enhancing the visual experience of the people so that they can watch
their favourite athletes clearly and the games.
The Tokyo, 2020 has acquired sponsorship from various top and major companies from
across the globe. This may have a positive impact on the event as these sponsors will help in
making the event a grander affair and may also contribute to the success of the event.
Impact of Tokyo 2020
The Tokyo 2020 seems to be a grand affair and is going to be bigger and better. Drawing
from the literature review it can be seen that the Tokyo 2020 may have both positive as well as
negative impacts on the city as well as their stakeholders. One of the biggest positive impacts of
the event is the recruitment of several people. The Tokyo Organising Committee of Olympic and
Paralympic Games have started recruiting employees by posting the vacancies on their official

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website that is going to help in providing career opportunities for various people (The Tokyo
Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, 2019). The other positive impact
will be encouraging tourism which will increase the revenues of the event. The infrastructure that
will be created like roads and cleaning the environment will help Tokyo in the long run as the
roads can be later used by the citizens of the city. The event will have a positive impact on the
sponsors as they will help the brands to promote themselves on a global level and will help the
brands in increasing their sales. However, this event might have negative impacts like lack of
water supply to the residents of the city and contribution to more waste. The Tokyo 2020 has
committed to be sustainable in their approach to avoid environmental disruption. According to
the sustainability report of the Olympics, they have started using energy efficient resources in
their building, monitoring waste streams to reduce the quantity of waste, use sustainable
transport for daily commute, increase their staff diversity, develop programs that promote
healthy lifestyle and also have reinforced sustainability commitment in the contract for the Host
City (Olympic.org, 2019). Tokyo is going to create the event aligning with these guidelines
which may have a positive impact on the event, the stakeholders and the city.
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
ECONOMIC  Increase in
employment rate
 Development of the
infrastructure
 Revenues from tourism
 Revenues from
sponsors
 Temporary employees
 Increase in the
maintenance cost of
the infrastructure
created.
SOCIAL  Sense of pride among
the citizens
 Disruption of the place
due to the

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 Encourage diversity
 Encourage unity
 Introduction of new
sports.
infrastructure.
 Inadequate water
supply for people of
the Tokyo.
ENVIRONMENTAL  Cleaning up the
environment
 Use of sustainable
products and resources
 Use of energy efficient
resources
 Contribute to climate
change
 Increase in waste
pollution
Fig: Impact of Tokyo 2020
Discussion
The impact of the Tokyo 2020, is going to be huge and it is necessary to effectively
manage the events and also
Management strategies for the impacts of the event
In order to make sure that the event is a success, it is important for Tokyo 2020 to
implement a risk management strategy. In every event management it is important to understand
the potential risks which may have a negative impact on the event. In order to manage potential
the Tokyo 2020 needs to take the following steps to make the event a success.

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Fig: Risk management strategy
It is important for Tokyo 2020 to analyse the impacts of the event and identify the
potential risks that may have a negative impact on the event. Aligning Tokyo 2020, with the risk
management strategy it can be seen that there might be some potential economic, social as well
as environmental risks like inadequate water supply, contribution to climate change, and use of
land that could be used for dwelling and potential loss. The event should emphasize on these
risks as they may have negative consequences which can affect the reputation of the city and the
event. Thus the event needs to analyse and then come up with strategies that will help in
eradicating the risks like use sustainable products, create a feasible budget that will not lead to
the loss of the event, use adequate amount of water for the event and take measurable steps to
preserve water and supply to the ones in need in the city. These measures will help in tackling
the issue and then it is important to plan the response. To plan the response the event needs to
consider strategies like treat and control. The event must treat the problem and control the
problem to gain a positive reputation and organise the event in good spirit. The last step is to
IdentifyrisksPutemphasisontherisksAnalyzetherisksandcomeupwitheffectivestrategiestotackletherisksPlantheresponseEvaluate

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evaluate. It is necessary for the team of the event to evaluate the methods and implement the
strategy to effectively manage the situation and contribute to the smooth operations of the event.
Trade off between the types of impacts and the impacts on the stakeholders
According to scholars, a trade-off generally means the urge of having more than one
single thing that result in sacrificing the other potentially (Deng, Li & Gibson, 2016). Trade-off
can be of various types like sacrificing something or substitute of something. From the above
analysis it can be seen that there are both positive as well as negative impacts on the event. Thus
there must be some trade-off that needs to be done by the team of the event for the success of the
event.
One of the first and foremost trade-off that Tokyo 2020 has already done is scraping the
initial design which they wanted to create because of their estimated budget (Los Angeles Times,
2019). This was done to reduce the potential risk of loss, the debt on the government and because
of the backlash by the people. The event needs to hire volunteers and other employees from
Tokyo and not other cities in order to benefit the citizens of the city. The event needs to give the
sponsors a platform to make their own events to promote their brand which may lead to make a
new stage or venue near the arena.
It is important for the government and the team to keep in mind that there are no loses
faced by the event and it is important to create a win-win situation for both the event and the
stakeholders. Thus the event needs to take care of all aspects and make necessary changes that
will help in contributing to the success of the event.

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Conclusion
Tokyo 2020 is set to become one of the grandest and gala sports events in the history of
Olympics. From the report, it can be seen that Tokyo 2020 is going to have both positive and
negative impacts on the event as well as the environment. However it has been seen that Tokyo
2020 has been trying to create a sustainable event aligning with the contract signed as a Host city
to deliver the even sustainably and successfully. The use of risk management strategy will be
beneficial for the event if they consider it to maintain and overcome the potential risks and also
cater to the stakeholders effectively. Thus from the analysis of the event it can be predicted that
Tokyo 2020 is going to be a successful event and is going to create history.

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Reference
Baade, R. A., & Matheson, V. A. (2016). Going for the Gold: The economics of the Olympics.
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(2), 201-18.
Brückner, M., & Pappa, E. (2015). News shocks in the data: Olympic Games and their
macroeconomic effects. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 47(7), 1339-1367.
Deng, X., Li, Z., & Gibson, J. (2016). A review on trade-off analysis of ecosystem services for
sustainable land-use management. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 26(7), 953-968.
Gabriela, T., Bogdan, C. V., & Bulin, D. (2013). Public-Private Partnership-a new path for
tourism development.
Kasimati, E. (2015). Post Olympic use of the Olympic venues: the case of Greece. Athens
Journal of Sports, 2(3), 167-184.
Los Angeles Times. (2019). Tokyo's rough road to 2020 Summer Olympics. Retrieved 24
September 2019, from https://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2019-07-23/tokyos-rough-
road-to-2020-summer-olympics
Murayama, Y., Saito, Y., & Nishioka, D. (2013, January). Trust issues in disaster
communications. In 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp.
335-342). IEEE.
Olympic.org. (2019). Retrieved 25 September 2019, from
https://www.olympic.org/-/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/IOC/What-We-
Do/celebrate-olympic-games/Sustainability/IOC%20Sustainability%20Report_Exec
%20Summary_Final%20Rev1.pdf?
la=en&hash=AF5AEF67C9A1006772ED1D8ED3B79A74299268A4

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Pilipenko, I. V. (2013). The Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics: The Cost-Benefit Analysis and Ways
to Improve the Project Efficiency. Electronic Publications of Pan-European Institute, 4.
Telegraph.co.uk. (2019). Tokyo disappointment after 2016 Olympic Games snub. Retrieved 25
September 2019, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/6255800/Tokyo-
disappointment-after-2016-Olympic-Games-snub.html
The Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. (2019). Games Vision
｜The Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Retrieved 24
September 2019, from https://tokyo2020.org/en/games/vision/
The Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. (2019). Staff
recruitment｜The Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Retrieved 25 September 2019, from
https://tokyo2020.org/en/organising-committee/recruitment/
Wilks, L. (2016). The lived experience of London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games
volunteers: A serious leisure perspective. Leisure Studies, 35(5), 652-667.

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