Evidence Based Nursing Research: PDF
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Added on 2021-05-31
Evidence Based Nursing Research: PDF
Added on 2021-05-31
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Running head: EVIDENCE BASED NURSING RESEARCHEvidence based nursing researchName of the student:Name of the University:Author’s note
1EVIDENCE BASED NURSING RESEARCHIntroduction:Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are types of traumatic injury caused by heavy motor vehicleinjury, high and low falls and heavy falling objects. Spinal cord injury results in significantmorbidity and mortality and has long-term health impact on injured individuals. Such injury is acatastrophic event that is sudden and unexpected and can be costly in human and social terms too(Chin, 2014). Globally, SCI affects males aged 18-32years in developing countries and it affectsmales and females over 65 years in developed countries (Lee et al., 2014). This report providesinsight into the incidence and cause of spinal cord injuries in Australia and discusses types andcategories of spinal cord injuries. The report also reviews one Australian community resourcethat is available for spinal cord injury patients. Report on incidence and cause of spinal cord injuries in Australia:The Australian Spinal Cord Injury Registry (ASCIR) is the national register thatpublishes incident cases of spinal cord injuries occurring in Australia and for Australian residentswho resides overseas (aihw.gov.au, 2017). The most recent ASCIR report available for 2013-2014 shows that 347 new cases of SCI were reported to the ASCIR and out of these, 111occurred due to non-traumatic cases such as infectious conditions, cancer, vascular disorder, discherniation and myelopathy. The number of SCI occurring due to traumatic causes included 236people and people above the age of 15 years reported such type of injuries (scia.org.au, 2014). By analysis of incidence report based on demographics of injured people, it was foundthat 81% of the cases of SCI were found in males and 23% of new cases were reported in peoplebetween the age of 15-24 years. Land transport crashes (45%) was the leading mechanism ofinjury followed by falls (32%) and water related injuries (10%). Motorcycle drivers were
2EVIDENCE BASED NURSING RESEARCHinvolved in almost 32% of land transport related SCI. Low falls resulted in 17% cases of SCI andhigh falls accounted for 15% cases. The ASCIR also gives details on the activity beingundertaken at the time of injury. Based on this parameter, it has been found that 45% oftraumatic SCI cases occurred while the person was engaged in sport activity. This was followedby activities like working for income and person engaged in unpaid work. 64% of traumaticcases sustained an injury to the cervical spine (scia.org.au, 2014).Types of spinal cord injury and the category of injury:There are two broad types of SCIs such as incomplete spinal injuries and complete spinalinjuries. In case incomplete injury, the spinal cord is partially damages allowing the person toretain some function. In contrast, complete spinal cord injuries are those type of injuries wherespinal card is fully damaged limiting overall function of affected individual. However, thefunction may be retained after extensive treatment and physical therapy (Volpe, 2018).Incomplete SCI is the most common form of injuries and this is seen due awareness aboutresponding to such injuries and availability of better treatment for injured individuals. Someexample of incomplete SCI includes anterior cord syndrome and the central cord syndrome. The type and level of injuries also differs based on the cause of injuries. SCI ischaracterized as non-traumatic injuries when it occurs as a result slow internal damage to thespinal cord region. It is classified as traumatic injury when it causes by abrupt traumatic hit to thespine region resulting in severe damage of the spinal cord. Motor vehicle accidents, falls andsports related injuries are examples of traumatic spinal cord injuries. Infection, cancer,inflammation and degeneration of the spinal column are examples of non-traumatic spinal cordinjuries (Magee, 2014).
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