5CO02 Evidence-Based Practice: Decision-Making & Data Review

This report delves into evidence-based practice within people management, emphasizing its significance in informed decision-making. It covers various analytical tools like Fishbone diagrams, balanced scorecards, PESTEL analysis, and Porter's Five Forces, alongside critical thinking principles and ethical theories such as utilitarianism and deontology. The report also explores decision-making processes, highlighting the importance of awareness, information evaluation, and strategic implementation. Task 2 involves using analytical tools to review data, presenting it in graphic forms, and measuring the value of people practices through key measurement systems. The analysis aims to improve decision-making, enhance organizational performance, and create value within the organization.

5CO02 Evidence based Practice

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Evidence based decision making.................................................................................................3
Focus on different analysis tools and methods............................................................................4
Principles of critical thinking.......................................................................................................6
Ethical theories............................................................................................................................7
Decision making processes..........................................................................................................7
Benefits and risk..........................................................................................................................8
Financial and non-financial performances.................................................................................10
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................10
2.1 use an analytical tool to review data....................................................................................10
3.3 In three different graphic forms...........................................................................................11
3.2 Two key measurement systems used in people practice.....................................................14
3.4 Practices add value and how we can use formal tools to measure value.............................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17
APPENDIX......................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
An evidence-based season making is said to be one of the strongest approach because it is
brought about by information which is experimentally proved. Although there are not many
circumstances that fall under the value prospect at this evidence based decision making is
experimentally proved (Scott, 2017). There are certain programs practice and policies that are
incorporated in decision making and everything gets gratified by the appropriate evidence that is
gained through research. There are certain atrocities that are linked with and organisational
performance and these factors are said to be one of the determining one in terms of growth. The
report highlights every criteria in detail.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
1.1 Evidence based decision making
Decision making is regarded to be one of the favourable entity which gets carried away
by proper understanding and without a proper reasoning there will not be decisions that
appearing way into reality. For the decisions to be enhanced it is necessary that there will have to
be an evidence towards all the learning processes and that can be incorporated by a research
oriented study. An evidence-based season making is said to be one of the strongest approach
because it is brought about by information which is experimentally proved (Escueta and et.al,
2017). According to the human consciousness and experimentally proved approach is far better
than the relevant contacts will approach because it is not until when an evidence is being proved
to such an extent on a practical basis that the knowledge that is incorporated within the
contributions of a research can be fulfilled.
This is because a comprehensive view is a less adhesive fact when compared to the
practical approach. Please can also be an appropriate strategy to move ahead with the decision
making process. Although there are not many circumstances that fall under the value prospect at
this evidence based decision making is experimentally proved. There are certain programs
practice and policies that are incorporated in decision making and everything gets gratified by
the appropriate evidence that is gained through research. This evidence based decision making as
of contextual evidence best available evidence and experimental evidence. Although there are

certain differences that will fall in this regard whatever be the circumstances evidence is one of
the finest aspect that will constitutes the set of ideas and ideologies that an individual process.
1.2 Focus on different analysis tools and methods
Micro Analysis Tool 1 Evaluation
Fishbone means for providing the identifying problem which are underlying and that
could also passed the better solution. If underlying causes are missed, larger problems develop
and make sure for detect the root problem and that could not cause any issues in future
(Sangeetha and et.al., 2020). The diagram means while this help for knowing about the better
concepts and that might be also important supporting with the each potential and answering.
Advantage:
Allowing the brainstorming for thinking and streaking teams away from keeping the
better estimation about the things for which the work can complete. This could also allow
prioritizing relevant causes underlying with better condition and solve the problem.
Disadvantage:
Brainstorming produces irrelevant potential causes along with relevant ones, resulting in
a time and energy drain. While this could also bring many complexity in work and make sure
about for creating more work load while having the brainstorming.
Micro Analysis Tool 2 Evaluation
Balanced score card is the approach that could help for judging about the organization
performance and that could also help for keeping the estimation about the things that are required
for the development. While this could also keep about the respective through financial, customer,
business and production system in organization (Fatima and Elbanna, 2020). This concepts give
more ideas and thoughts to the organization through which they can easily make sure for having
the marketing thinking.
Advantage:
BSC can be good facilities for providing the communication and understanding more
about the good strategy for the organization. Along with this also help for bringing more strategy
and vision for keeping more management focus.
Disadvantage:

Analyzing about only four things while in which the important concepts cannot be work
and that cannot keep their main focus for completion. While this could be suggested nothing
about what should be done for the performance in having each these perceptive.
Macro Analysis Tool 1 Evaluation
PESTEL analysis: one of the most differentiating factors of an external analysis of the
organisation is the festival tool. PESTEL analysis stands for political, economic, social,
technological, environmental and legal factors that fall as external factors with regard to an
organisation (Scott and et.al, 2017). This is said to be acting as an impact towards the
organisational performance and the challenges that are in regard to the organisation can be
analysed with a proper orientation. Often PESTEL analysis will also bring about the kind of
strategies that are required to be incorporated in the organisation and the organisation can also
move ahead with the strategic approach and maintaining its space.
Macro Analysis Tool 2 Evaluation
Porter's five forces: the porter's five forces will include 5 strategic factors that are
necessary to build a strategic business environment of the organisation. For operational entities
of the organisation are the determinants and these are ruled by certain strategic factors which are
controlled by the Porter's five forces. This analysis is used to analyse the market as well as the
business atmosphere such that all the necessary precautions that are to be taken can be analysed.
This will also bring about the competitive atmosphere to the organisation.
While this macro and micro analysis that could help the organization for knowing about
how they can deal over their thinking. Along with this also make sure for having the better
concepts and make sure for knowing about those activities and strategy for which they are
required for completion. As this will also help for bringing more opportunities in which they can

easily make their growth and create more opportunities for having the high estimation in
attracting their customer and keep their process about the sales must be important.
1.3 Principles of critical thinking
Critical thinking is necessary in order to incorporate the strategies as well as the for
possible entities that are necessary to be able to decide upon the situations that are ought to be
sorted out. The principles of the characteristics of critical thinking are as follows:
Being quick and decision: quick decisions are important in order to portray the strategies
in a more appropriate and a strategic manner. The speed in bringing about the decisions will also
have to be oriented with an accuracy but most of the decisions of an fall because of the less time
that is given to people to sort out the decisions. This will have to be modified and is the first
principle that will have to be taken care about in critical thinking.
Being resourceful and creative: thinking is not just portrayed upon a boring basis at there
are certain challenges that will have to be address in a more creative manner and the resources
that are to be stipulated upon a situation will have to be properly analysed within the time that is
being given.
Being systematic and organised: this principle is very much necessary where there are
certain limits of to which a person or an individual who ever is talking about an approach to
bring about the critical decisions will have to portray upon circumstances in a more strategic and
an organised manner (Borders, 2019). The system up to which all the factors are being addressed
in solving or meeting the agenda of implementing the choice of a decision making or a critical
thought process will have to be carry forwarded.
Identifying the situation: for a critical thinking to be incorporated it is first necessary that
the situation will have to be identified. By relying upon all the circumstances as well as
evaluating every component of the situation that is going on the thought process will be initiated.
Therefore, this will also give rise to all the strategic implementation that will have to be
implemented.
Evaluation of information: the information that is the joined with an evidence based
learning upon the critical situation that needs a thought process will first have to be evaluated
upon certain circumstances that all the factors that will have to be addressed in a thought process
which will have to dealt in a critical manner can therefore be complied.

1.4 Ethical theories
The two ethical theories that are required are as follows:
Utilitarian theory of ethics: this is said to be one of the most appropriate theory in the
ethical theories where it can benefit a lot of people that will fall in regard to the decisions at are
to be Incorporated. This theory revolves around the decision-making policy where whatever kind
of idea on the thought process is being carried forward head will have to benefit the entire
majority of people that are present. The consequences that are required to make a legal decisions
are said to be analysed in a more appropriate manner and there are certain attractions that will
fall in regard to the ethical perspective. This theory will help to decision makers to move with the
potential that is required to focus on the outcomes by benefit in a lot more essential and making
decisions. Most of the professionals will rely upon this theory because it is of a greatest approach
that can bring about an achievement and also avoids confrontation.
Deontological ethics: this mostly stresses upon the idea of dignity and respect. This
theory states that it is necessary to identify the policies of respecting people and acting
accordingly that might also avoid certain situations which can end up in conflicts and
implications (Adikari and et.al, 2021). The decision-making prospect in this regard of ethical
theory will portray upon the identification of circumstances upon how far one can rely upon the
duties in order to bring about a good orientation in terms of giving respect and then the
appropriate decisions can be taken. This is more like avoiding conflicts and the implications that
will fall in regard to the distinguishing factor which is a right choice or wrong confrontation.
Challenges are an obvious entity that will fall in regard to ethics and therefore these similar kind
of issues that are acting as a barrier to decision-making can be eradicated in the initial stage.
2.3 Decision making approaches
There are a wide range of decision-making processes that will have to be indicated in the
process of knowing a better solution for all the issues that are arising as a part of work. Decision
making is regarded to be one of the finest entity that will have to be carry forward in a better
possible manner because it is not until when a perfect decision is being able to be applied
towards a situation that it gets to be sold within no time. For this there are certain strategic
measures as well as process that will fall in regard to bring about the kind of entities that can be
incorporated while dealing with decision making processes. These are also necessary to bring

about a variation in terms of issues as well as the challenges that the organisation is facing.
Decision-making process includes the following stages.
Awareness with issues: most of the decision making approaches will be term to be those
that cannot be solved within an instance. This is because there is a lack of awareness that is being
circulated within the premises of the organisation regarding the problem (Sharma and Bilgic,
2017). The active mind will have to think in a critical oriented manner to bring about a proper
awareness for the problem. This will give rise to solution which can be implied upon the problem
that is pertaining for over a long time. One may be able to bring about right kind of solution if
not the problem is analysed and a proper set of awareness is gratified with regard to the solution
that will have to be applied to the problem. Therefore the first process that will follow in regard
to decision-making will include awareness of the problem.
Diagnose the state : after being identified it is a must and showed that the problem will
have to be first analysed and will have to be diagnosed upon bringing about a conclusion to
which stage it has reached. Upon knowing the problem and its state then a probable decision
making can be oriented. It will also be an easy factor for the decision making process to be
initiated upon after knowing its state.
Developing alternative: alternative for important in order to bring about an orientation
with regard to the set of policies that are already being incorporated upon a finest problem. The
alternative to save problem from recurring. It is also a must ensure that your organisation will
have to have a backup to face all the problems with the kind of solution that can be used for over
a long run. This can be a preventive measure in decision making process.
Evaluation of alternatives: the evaluation of alternatives is because of all the components
that are present in the problem and what kind of decisions can be therefore divided to all the
components that are being identified. This evaluation is necessary because for the right solution
that will have to be given to a problem it is first necessary that it will have to be evaluated. Upon
a proper evaluation that is gratified then the team can move ahead with the solution and decision-
making process.
While every decision making approaches might be having the opinion and
recommendation which might with the people oriented action. This could also mention about
three approaches such as problem seeking. Avoid and problem solving. While there could be
more satisfactory in solution for the people who are desire to reach out the goals and objective

and solving more problem, evaluation, information analysis and alternative selection. This could
also led them for knowing about activity is problem solving because decision makers must
required with starting point and re-specify the issues or problem as they want to address.
2.2 Benefits and risk
Decision making process is regarded to be one of the finest entity and an infinite
mechanism that can bring about a lot of benefits (Banožić, 2018). Decision making process is
also risk oriented and there are certain circumstances when the organisation has moved against
the policies that will have to be implemented. In this regard the benefits as well as the orientation
that is given two different decision-making processes are as follows:
Benefits: taking examples from the decision making processes that was listed earlier it is
one of the major benefit that awareness is necessary in order to generate the results as well as the
process of decision making. The awareness that is in regard to know in solutions for issues is one
of the most prominent aspects and an entity that can be used perfectly for enabling the choices
that can be implemented over time. This is also necessary that a knowledge which is oriented
with half hour a person or an individual can tackle with the kind of decisions that can be
implemented will result in the positive outcomes. One may not be able to identify the choices
that an organisation is facing yet there are certain circumstances that are related to the problem
and awareness is one of the most probable approach that can bring about a good alternative
solution for any problem. In this regard this proper awareness can be a beneficial aspects for the
organisation as well as an individual development. In my regard I prefer awareness is a must
because other than dealing with problems it is knowledge which is necessary to be analysed and
identified such that a proper diagnosis can we carry forward in bringing about conclusion
towards which stage the decision-making processes has reached.
Risk: decision making is usually portrayed in terms of need. When an organisation in is in
terms of need then it probably will have to ensure the fact that there are certain elements that will
constitute being a part of risk management. Problems are said to be one of the major factors that
are concluded upon drawing results. Therefore these problems are to be tackled in a way better
way than usual. In this regard the risk that are oriented is lack of knowledge. The awareness that
is being described the prior to this section will bring about a good enthusiasm towards the state
of problem and developing alternative is one of the probable approach. The risk which is

oriented where the lack of knowledge is that people might go in a wrong sense of understanding
and that will also result in bringing about a bad fame to the organisation.
This also portrays the long-term performance of the organisation over a basis and that
will have to be taken care about with the policies of awareness. When a person is thinking in the
midst of a problem and a solution will have to be gratified then he or she will have to first
portrayed the circumstances my decision making will have to be initiated. This decision making
might also sometimes lead to risk management where the organisation can go bankrupt. The
financial decisions that are oriented with the organisational performance are one of the major
example in this regard because when decisions are not taken and handled properly then the
organisation will suffer from loss.
3.2 Financial and non-financial performances
The financial performance of the organisation can be measured by the following methods:
Gross profit margin: the profitability ratio that will fall in regard to the gross profit
margin can bring about the percentage revenue which is our result of subtracting the cost of
goods which is sold (Cheng and et.al2018). The direct cost of production that is involved in
bringing about the expenses as well as the taxes that are oriented will reflect upon the cost of
goods. The gross profit margin is calculated as: Gross profit margin= (Revenue-cost of sales)
/revenue *100
Net profit margin: it is derived to be one of the most influential financial performance
statement that will bring about the profitability ratio along with the measures that are
incorporated in bringing about the percentage of revenue. This is one of the method in order to
subtract the costs that are oriented with organisational performance as well as the cost that are
included as operating charges. The net profit margin is attained upon the profitability of business
upon revenue which is generated. It is calculated as follows:
Net Profit Margin= Net Profit / Revenue *100
Non-financial performance: The non-financial performance is calculated by different
factors like that of the customers complaints are the product or service quality. The customer
complaints will bring about the onset of criteria that will have to be implemented in the
organisation and such that the product will be carried forth with prior implementations. This
customer feedback is necessary in order to incorporate the choices that are necessary for the

organisation to move ahead with the circumstances of growth. This can also bring about a
personal turnover with the implementations that are made.
TASK 2
2.1 use an analytical tool to review data
Here two data can be positively supported from the 360 degree feedback from the
employee to their line manager and performance target sets while in such cases this have been
shown that many of the employee have given their responded towards the agree in positively
support from the feedback. But on other hand, performance target sets less agree marks have
been mentioned. While having such things the employee can work while having the better goals
and objective in the organization. In such cases this could be important because for having the
better growth and make sure for having the rights towards the high impact and also led for
bringing out more concepts in which the feedback for the employee must be important.
Table 1
Table 2
3.3 In three different graphic forms
Bar graph

This bar graph data states about the 360 degree feedback from employee to their line
manager in which system and how they can deal over their work position. While having such
thing in the organization this graph represent about the data and how the employee in
organization wants to work with their employee and how they can required to change their line
manager while by having feedback for their employee.
This graph explain about the 360 feedback from the customer for the organization while
in which and how situation as they dealing with their customer. In such cases the customer
requirement for the needs and wants that can be fulfilled. As many customer are disagree with
the services from the organization and many of them are agree with the better estimation have
been described above tables.
Pie chart