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Evidences based on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - PDF

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Added on  2021-06-14

Evidences based on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - PDF

   Added on 2021-06-14

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Running head: EVIDENCES BASED ON CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATIONEvidences based on Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationName of the Student:Name of the University:Author Note:
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1EVIDENCES BASED ON CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATIONThe prediction of cardiac arrest in patients who are admitted in hospital is poor andquick medical attention is required for increasing their chances of survival. Mortality due tocardiac arrests is a major problem each year and it occurs due to insufficient resuscitation ordelay in resuscitation process. The responsiveness of the code team and their immediateaction plays a role in increasing the chances of survival (Clarke et al., 2016). Theeffectiveness of their action depends on the sequence of interventions they are performing.The rate of survival is dependent on the early attendance and response from the emergencycode team, prompt cardio pulmonary resuscitation, quick fibrillation and advanced basic lifesupport. With this context, the main purpose of the essay is to critically analyze a videoscenario related to cardiac arrest scenario and review strength and weakness of skills relatedto resuscitation. The analysis of the video is done on the basis of ARC guideline (AustralianResuscitation Council). The strength and positive and negative points have been identifiedand discusses with support from research evidence. After reviewing the video by Saskatchewan Health Authority (2013), many positiveand negative skills were identified. For example, after identifying that the person isirresponsive, the nurse immediately called for Code Blue. To indicate that a patient is havinga cardiopulmonary arrest, medical institution use the term Code blue (Ferreira et al., 2015). Itis an indication that a patient requires resuscitation and is in need of immediate medicalattention. In case of the video, her decision to immediately call for Code Blue was a gooddecision as the patient was unresponsive. Her action was in relevance with the ARC guideline8 which states DRS ABCD as the initial steps of resuscitation. The DRS ABCD involvedseven steps starting from checking for danger (D), checking for responsiveness (R), sendingfor help (R), opening the airway (A), checking breathing (B), starting CPR (C) and thendefibrillation (D) (Australian Resuscitation Council: Guideline 8, 2018). She checked fordanger and responsiveness and sent for help (by calling Code Blue) after she recognized that
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2EVIDENCES BASED ON CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATIONthe patient was unresponsive. According to Avis et al. (2016), During unresponsiveness andbreathing problem observed in a patient, the emergency member of blue code team shouldattend the patient to increase his or her survival rate. Their instant response during thisemergency is the most important step to handle severe condition. A clear communication anda prompt action is always required to stimulate a fast response (Knight et al., 2014). The onlynegative non-technical action taken by the rescuer was that she called verbally instead ofpressing the emergency button. Jung et al., (2016) explains that rescuers should avoid callinghelper verbally. Rather they can use any alarm call for addressing their needs. This canprevent delay in arrival of the Code Blue Team. Another negative point observed in the video was that after calling for Code Blueteam, the nurse engaged in doing chest compression without doing assessment of breathingand airways. According to the ARC guideline 4, the assessment of airway and breathing takesprecedence over other injuries (Australian Resuscitation Council: Guideline 4, 2018).Although the nurse accurately followed DRS steps, however she skipped the step of airwayand breathing before commencing CPR. In case of cardiac arrest, that absence of respiratorymovement is one of the major criteria that should be observed by the members of emergencyteam (Dalal et al., 2018). According to Debaty et al. (2017), better assessment in case ofresuscitation is to check the abnormal breathing pattern or absence of breathing. Gasping andabnormal breathing pattern is generally observed during cardiac arrest that subsides downwith time. The recognition of this gasping and hypoxia by the bystanders and emergencymedical dispatchers is vital for the proper diagnosis of the arrest (Adams, 2018). Accordingto the ARC guideline 5, rescuers should look for absence or abnormal breathing rate toidentify the need for resuscitation (Australian Resuscitation Council: Guideline 5, 2018).However, the rescuer in the video did not looked for movement of the upper abdomen or
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3EVIDENCES BASED ON CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATIONlower chest, did not assessed escape of air from the nose and felt for movement of air at themouth and nose. The next vital step according to the DRS ABCD steps mentioned in the ARCguideline 8 (2018) is conducting chest compressions. According to Rajab et al. (2011),responder should initiate chest compression after activating emergency response system.Chest compression is a crucial activity for successful resuscitation as it increases the chancesof survival by generating small but critical amount of blood flow to the heart and brain.Compression of chest restores the blood flow and oxygen perfusion to the brain and otherorgans (Russo et al., 2017). It is a highly standardized technique where proper patientpositioning, hand posture, compression rate, compression depth and rotation determine thesuccess of the method. Throughout the video, many negative and positive points related totechniques used for chest compression has been identified. The positive point was that therescuer started chest compression immediately after calling for Code Blue. The rescuer’saction was in accordance with the ARC guideline 8. The benefit of this action was itminimizes any chances of delay in compressions. Li et al. (2013) states that delay in startingcompression lead to grave consequences for patient. Hence, initiating chest compression asearly as possible is effective in reducing to increase survival chance of cardiac arrest patient.In this section, negative and positive points related to the techniques uses for chestcompression in the video have been highlighted. The first vital technique for successful CPRis appropriate patient positioning and posture while performing the procedure. In the video,the positive skills observed were that the rescuer maintained supine position of patient afterobserving that the patient was irresponsive. She lowered the height of bed, places the patientin supine position and stood beside patient’s bed while conducting CPR. A backboard wasalso placed below the patient during the early phase of CPR. This was a good step taken bystaffs because placement of patients on a hard surface before resuscitation favored optimal
Evidences based on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - PDF_4

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