Evolution of International Relations - Essay

This essay discusses the rise of China and its impact on the development of international order. It explores various theories and models related to international relations and provides insights into the challenges and opportunities presented by China's growth.

Evolution of International
Relations

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................3
Essay question: Does the rise of China present a challenge or an opportunity for the development
of international order?......................................................................................................................3
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................8

Introduction
International relations refer to the study for which connections between two or more
countries are being established. Under the term scope of understanding and relative findings are
being considered when being engaged with activities of trading and relative discussions from
relevant regions. The term IR or International relations is one of the youngest social science to
have emerged in Britain that was also followed by World War in 1919 (Bondarenko,
Kowalewski and Small, 2020). The provided report document is a report essay that will address
the rise of China presenting a challenge or an opportunity for the development of international
orders. Throughout the essay relative understandings gained from the module were being
delivered. This includes the use of a variety of theories and models being discussed in the
module and relating the findings to answer respective assignment questions (Arabzadeh and et.
al., 2021).
Main Body
Essay question: Does the rise of China present a challenge or an opportunity
for the development of international order?
International relations are a field of study that deals with the interrelationships between
nation-states at an era when they possess the majority of political power. The study is concerned
with the results of war and peace, and as a result, it is practical. However, because there are
numerous types of state and non-state actors, the change in practice has caused great uncertainty
as to who is participating as the major players. These players provide a distinct set of stakes,
objectives, forms of engagement, and institutions within which they function. The realism
approach is concerned with the lasting proclivity for competition and inter-state conflicts,
whereas libertarianism looked at the different approaches that may be used to alleviate these
inclinations. The radical customs school of thought is interested in changing the entire state
system's relationships (Cauia and Bria, 2020). The distinctions between such schools of thinking
are hazy, and some of the work done by certain theorists does not fit into any of these ideas; yet,
conflicts among and within these schools of thought characterise the international relations
discipline. In the twentieth century, and particularly during the Cold War, realism was the
dominant theory. International affairs are portrayed as a power struggle between self-interested
nation-states from a realist perspective. In terms of the possibility of resolving conflict, the

theory is pessimistic. Acceptance of the realism approach grew in popularity during the Cold
War because it gives straightforward explanations for war, imperialism, alliances, cooperation
barriers, and other international phenomena. The argument appeared to fit the cold war scenario,
in which the rivalry was between the two most powerful world powers at the time. The conflict
between the realist, liberal, and revolutionary traditions in international affairs may best be
understood. The realists' view highlights the proclivity for conflict between states; liberalism
finds numerous means to minimise conflictive characteristics, while the radical movement
identifies possibilities to reform the entire structure of state relations. The lines separating these
schools of thinking are blurry. The arguments within the theories, on the other hand, have shaped
the discipline (Grossman, 2022).
In respect to spread controversy for 21st Century in regards to the rise of the People’s
Republic of China various discussions can be made in regards to international order. The
development of China differs greatly and there is equal variance in terms of military, economic
and political future. There were many types of research studying the basis for which such
development was made by respective companies in such a short period of time. China’s growing
influence and power tend to reshape the global economy, Asian security as well as dynamics of
global governance. The respective company displays an effective basis under which the
development of an economy can be stated. Under the program, an effective basis is being
delivered on the basis of which productive terms can be defined for which development of an
economy can be reached to the greatest potential heights for a nation (Kahler, 2019).
The competing theory that is being concerned with the development of China is also in
regards to concerning the emergence of the respective region. This was in regards to the
emergence of new power, primarily drawing on both realist and liberal premises. Marxists
produced the radical approaches theory, which identified capitalism as the primary source of
world war. According to this view, capitalist governments fought among others in a never-
ending battle for profits while fighting socialist states because they threatened capitalism's
demise. The disputes might be resolved by overthrowing capitalist governments and installing a
revolutionary government dedicated to autonomous development. These views were debunked,
however, because the industrial powers' military and economic collaboration demonstrated that
capitalism did not necessarily result in conflict. The schism in the communist world, on the other
hand, demonstrated that socialism is not a conflict-resolution panacea. As Marxism fell out of

favour, deconstructionist philosophers took the role. The endeavour to construct ideas such as
liberalism and realism was viewed with suspicion by the deconstructionists. These theorists, on
the other hand, focused on attacking conventional paradigms rather than proposing viable
alternatives. With the end of the Cold War, international affairs talks became more diverse, with
new topics such as the environment, ethnic conflicts, and the destiny of nations taking centre
stage. It's odd that, despite the fact that many nations share identical goals like democracy,
human rights, and free markets, international relations specialists remain split (Yun, 2020).
Political theorists are particularly concerned by China's regional growth. The
argumentative China threat discourse asserts that China's development as a regional hegemon in
North-East Asia will be the most hazardous scenario the United States may confront in the early
twenty-first century. China's rise as a great power is quite similar to America's; the area's largest
and possibly most powerful state is pursuing a more aggressively political, military, and
economic role in the region, even threatening America's current supremacy in East Asia
(Sørensen, Møller and Jackson, 2021). This displays as a potential challenge for an international
globe in which negative aspects of the country are being displayed in international market.
American officials have urged that China be given a share in the present system, which
favours China. As a result, China is incentivized to maintain its status in a regional and global
system dominated by the United States. The issue with this strategy is that as time goes on,
China will become less accommodating and more rebellious. Accepting this assumption requires
China to embrace the liberal way of thinking, as well as the notion that Chinese interests and
goals are malleable and can be shaped according to the conditions of China's growth; the
weaknesses in Washington's relationship model are becoming more obvious. The situation in
East Asia is still unstable. In addition, the rise of Chinese soft power parallels the loss of
American soft power (Payne, 2020). Such a perspective for the development of China could
present an introverted attitude of the nation when being engaged in the international globe. This
might create a sense of conflict or dispute in the region and will display a bad attitude of an
individual when operating in global markets.
America's fading attractiveness is both specific and broad. Through its principles, culture,
and institutions, the United States is slowly but steadily losing its power to convince and
influence other countries. Meanwhile, as China's economy expands, Beijing seeks to articulate its
principles and promote its institutions and culture, further expanding Chinese influence with

greater strength and authority. Concerns about the loss of US soft power in particular, as well as
challenges to US domination in general, should be understood alongside interest in China's
increase in soft power. It is being argued that China can challenge US hegemony by successfully
pursuing an aggressive trade policy toward the West, applying diplomatic pressure to their
partners, and waging a cultural imperialism campaign to oppose universal human rights; China is
spreading its wings and imposing itself through the use of soft power rather than hard power.
The numerous theories that regard a growing China as a threat argue that as an emerging
state grows economically and militarily stronger, it would eventually seek more political clout,
producing a shift in global power dynamics. The Chinese leadership now perceives the world in
the same manner as Kaiser Willhem II did a century ago: the present international order favours
those who built it. The current system is ill-suited to the demands of a Chinese dictatorship
seeking to preserve control at home while expanding its influence abroad (McDermott and
Hatemi, 2018). It is difficult to gain from one part of the Western-dominated international system
trade and economic benefits without falling prey to the West's powerful ideological impulses.
Before the international system changes, Chinese leaders must modify the norms that govern it.
China has not yet publicly questioned the Americana concept, but they have begun to consider
alternatives to the current system. It is being believed that as China's strength and prestige grow,
the country will establish a more attractive and impactful ideology (Martelletti, 2020). This
presents an opportunity for the provided country and relative other countries operating in the
international markets.
Therefore, it can be said that the development of the respective country i.e., China
provided both challenges as well as opportunities with prospective of international order. Under
its evaluation, it can be said that though China presents a better opportunity for international
order in which effective communication flow towards the international market was being
ensured. However, China is one of the nations that like to behave exclusively of global trade
business in terms of importing commodities in the region. For its evaluation, it can be said that
although it is a good approach followed by the country for being self-sustainable. However, it is
also believed that, if a country will become self-dependent it will tend to dominate the
international region. Therefore, some believes it might create a threat or a challenge for other
nations serving on the international globe. It might result in high demand for Chinese products
and services in the international market and could also potentially result in high competition in

the business market. Therefore, again this could be both challenge or an opportunity for several
other nations working in the international market. In its inclusion, positive competing skills in
the international market will create potential opportunities. On the other hand, complete
domination of a nation might create negative energy in respect to outperforming a nation when
competing in international global.
Conclusion
From the analysis of the above report essay, it can be concluded that the evolution of
international relations in context to China played a decent role in regards to the present challenge
or an opportunity for its relative global trade development. For the above report, several
discussions were being made in respect to delivering theoretical and its relation to the
development of international order. Furthermore, in the provided report various understandings
were being transmitted which were being discussed in the seminar schedule.

References
Books and Journals
Arabzadeh, S., Sherafati, M., Atyabi, F., Jafari, G.R. and Kułakowski, K., 2021. Lifetime of links
influences the evolution towards structural balance. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics
and its Applications, 567, p.125689.
Bondarenko, D.M., Kowalewski, S.A. and Small, D.B. eds., 2020. The Evolution of Social
Institutions: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Springer Nature.
Cauia, A. and Bria, F., 2020. Evolution of International Legal Regulations for Civil Air
Navigation (Part I). Studii Juridice Universitare, p.27.
Grossman, M., 2022. The Evolution of Russia's National Role Conceptions: From Cooperation
to Great Power Competition. In National Role Conceptions in a New Millennium (pp.
40-55). Routledge.
Kahler, M., 2019. International Relations: still an American social science?. In Ideas &
Ideals (pp. 395-414). Routledge.
Martelletti, L., 2020. The evolution of bilateral relations between China and US during the
outbreak of the global pandemia Covid-19.
McDermott, R. and Hatemi, P.K., 2018. Biology, evolution, and international security. The
Oxford Handbook of International Security, p.193.
Payne, K., 2020. Strategy, Evolution, and War: From Apes to Artificial Intelligence. Air & Space
Power Journal, 34(2), pp.93-94.
Sørensen, G., Møller, J. and Jackson, R., 2021. Introduction to international relations: theories
and approaches. Oxford university press.
Yun, Z., 2020. China's US-centric Mentality and the Evolution of Its North Korea Policy after
the Cold War. China: An International Journal, 18(3), pp.153-168.