Evolution of the Management: From Ancient Times to Modern Era

This essay explores the evolution of management from ancient times to modern era. It discusses classical management theories, scientific management, neoclassical theory, and system theory. It also highlights the impact of industrial revolution on management practices. The essay emphasizes the importance of understanding the various management practices for effective strategic planning and managing work effectively.

EVOLUTION OF THE
MANAGEMENT
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INTRODUCTION
Management means directing and controlling a group of people in an organization to
reach a goal. Also, management often means the deployment and manipulation of human
resources, technological resources, financial resources and natural resources. In other words,
management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the business
operation based on achieving objectives set by business firm (Fan and Stevenson, 2018).
There is a long history behind the evolution of concept of management also is considered
as a significant feature of economic life of making thoughts ages. The thought of management is
related to evolutionary concept which is developing on the basis of social, economic, cultural and
scientific institutions. Management came from ancient times for the socio-economic
development. The contributors to management theory that include management philosophers,
management practitioners and scholars. The evolution of management practice is related to the
origins of how management plays an important role according to the classical management
theories. There are some facts which are overlaps according to the evolution of practice as well
as management practice (Gyawali, Ramakrishna and Dhamoon, 2019).
MAIN BODY
Evolution of management practice before industrial revoluation
Based on classical management it has been analysed that this is based on the skills which
was invented and exercised for faults in particular management skills. A news management field
was invented by using an older system of new practices in orders eliminating faults founds. The
evolution of management practice is based on energy of resources which are dependent on the
basis of growth of factory system which is enlarged market and new scale of technology at that
time people are mainly based on the technological innovation in order to increase the
productivity as well as it help to provide the opportunity of getting concentration of workers and
raw material together (Isaevna and Shamilevna, 2018). By considering the textile innovations it
can be analysed that there are main key drivers of industrial revolution were textile
manufacturing, steam power, oil drilling, telegraph etc. Then manufacturers of cloth were
individual work at that time when people are follow own management practice. In addition to
this, urbanization contribute to evaluations of management practice while industrial revolution
by technological explosion led to monotonous increase in the process of urbanization. There are
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large population ins small areas for industries are established to provide a big pool on workers
that provides work to labour force.
Before industrial revolution there was not much management at all in order to enterprise
that handling task such as planning, coordination, directing, rewarding and resource allocation
(Wilshire and Gorden, 2021). There were some organizations at that time such as military,
church, construction, and agriculture endeavours that is little based on existed managerial
practice. The rise of industrial revolution are changed that is based on production and
organization gained scale. In order to coordinate with large organization owners are needed to
depend on each other that is called agents and others are called managers. At that time focus on
the large execution of mass production and managerial solutions which are related to
standardized processes, specialization of labour, quality control, workflow planning, rudimentary
accounting were bought to bear. In the year 1900 the term management was wide use by Adam
Smith's ideas and other authors of management. According to domestically, it is focused on firms
which enjoyed relatively little competition (Mundi, Abu Dayyeh and Hurt, 2020). There were
consequences faced on the basis of socialism and communalism by following different
management practice. Also, factory owners are becoming wealthy in order to increase the
poverty, labouring for long hours under very difficult situation. On the other hand, socialism
emerged a response to expanding capitalist system. There were socialist who are argued on the
basis of laissez-faire capitalism which led on several issues.
The early development of management practice as a scientific discipline during industrial
revolution is based on the 20th century when researcher are ready to understand the power of
motivation and hard work of employees that just pay-check. Before that management or
managing, people were not exactly considered an art. During the industrial revolution at the turn
of 19th century, the US entered into a phase for the significant changes in different areas which
are related to transportation, manufacturing and agriculture that are help to allow for producing
goods effectively and quickly (Griffith, Boal and Rogers, 2018). For example, James watt
invented search engine that shortened transportation times which allow goods faster. Industrial
revolution are providing better and faster technology that allowed companies in order to focus on
perform efficiently before gave them ability to dramatically increase their output. People are
managing work from a thousand years but there are ways are changes in order to focus more on
formal management that is engaged with scientific development in management. On the basis of
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scientific management it can be said that the mains focus of scientific management is related to
increasing productivity which helps to increase the productivity of worker. This is also related to
the optimizing and simplifying the jobs that would increase based on increasing productivity.
During industrial revolutions, it has been analysed that there are some scientific
disciplines which are needed to follow such as each task should be studied in order to analyse the
performance of each if worker. Then provided training so that they can complete the task for a
given period. In order to more focus on development workers and managers are cooperated fir
ensure about efficient production. The manager is responsible for plan and workers should be
responsible for implementing those plans (Braver, Valkunas and Gelzinis, 2021).
An organization is a group of people who are come together and also they have a
common objective. Some organizations are more spontaneous while others are formal ions order
to explicit and formal with well-defined objectives. The theory of school organization is related
to the well-defined structure that is based on specific task and activities. Then classical theory is
related to the traditional theory which emphasizes the organization rather than employees
working in the organization. The father of classical theory was Henry fayol, who is described
father of modern management. Also, according to this theory human are considered as machine
and built on an accounting model. This is lays emphasis on detecting errors and also correcting
them after committed errors this is more concerned with amount of output than human being also
they are relatively homogenous because labour is defined on the basis of different kinds of jobs
that are need to be performed in organization (Zaharieva, Borodzhieva and Mutkov, 2021). It
has been assumed that there are relatively stable ins terms of change in an organization. Further
classical theory based on authority and control which should be a vested and central authority in
order to centralize and integrated system.
There are some authors which are considered as the theory for technological
innovations in order to different aspect of organization and how individual that can be made
efficiently while other are emphasized structural aspects of organization where individual
collectively made more efficient. There are three types of classical theorizes which are related to
the bureaucracy, administrative, scientific and management theory. The fundamental principles
of all classical entrepreneurship and development value chain analysis is related with the
economy is self-regulating (Farias, Farias and Harmon, 2020). Then economists arse exhaling
according to the economy which is always capable of achieving the natural level of GDP output
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that obtained when economy's resources are fully employed. Also, there main aim is to focus on
productivity in which it to increase the growth of organization effectively.
The theory of organizational humanism are emphasizes the use of intrinsic motivation
to grow personnel qualification which are increasing the economic efficiency of organization.
Also, this theory is stresses and need to formulate management goals that is incorporated
humanistic values. For example, in this theory, the focus is on workers personal growth and well-
being that are taken into account to achieve the organization optimal productivity. In addition to
this, it has been analysed that the routine work developed skills in the employees in order to
account to achieve the organization optimal productivity (Gelot and Welz, 2018). In addition to
this it has been analysed that it is beneficial for the worker in order to leads the developments of
authenticity relation among others also it helps to increase the job satisfaction ins orders
providing several benefits to employees. There are different types of motivation are help to
improve the intergroup flexibility to more focus on effectiveness of organization.
Also, on the basis of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, workers boost their morale which
help to increase productivity as well as this is help for improving the working challenges. Then
this is also beneficial for providing them several benefits which are related to putting full
potential. In addition to these penalties and rewards are help for directing and control human
relationships which is a necessary psychological success. Also, it can be said that there are
different opportunity get by worker in orders to promote growth and success. Success is the key
factor by which worker are doing their job in order to more focus on economic benefit and
employee productivity (Keen, 2021). Also, this is one of their most popular theories which are
commonly used by the author in orders to focus on employability as well as help to increase the
productivity.
Neoclassical theory is the extensive version of classical theory which is also including
with behavioural science in business management. Also, in this theory, there are socials system
and its performance which are affected by human efforts. The classical theory is emphasized the
mechanical and physiological variables and also deemed with the primary factor. Further, these
studies focussed on attention on human being in organization. Then there are several benefits of
no classical approach which is based on arborization situations in order to more focus on social,
economic and technical terms. Also, this has been analysed that there is informal and formal
views of organization as important. This theory is focus on organization in general social system
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which is composed of numerous interacting parts. Then informal organization are existed within
formal organization in order to be affected by each other (Ahmad and Pothuganti, 2020). Then
motivations is one of the important factor for socio-psychological factors which is operated for
motivating human beings at work. There are many socio-psychological factors which are
operated for motivating human being at work. Then conflict between organizational and
individual which are often exists by reconciling goals of individual with this organization. Then
teamwork is essential for higher productivity in order to more focus on development of higher
productivity.
Then system theory refers to the approach which are composed on the basis of
subsystem that are not necessary for completing the work sins order to understand the
organizational behaviour, organization change and organizational development. The concept of
system theory is related to the seeking and explain for develop characteristics that are help to
arise within complex system which seemingly does not arisen by single system. This is the
different concept which help to improve the classical management theory in order to focus more
on human as a machine which is impact on holistic view for improving network of people,
activities and procedures (Rakhmonov, Reymov and Yuldoshev, 2020). There are some system
theory which helps to allow for understanding the connection between various parts of
organization and how they interact with one another. This is also related to the systematic theory
which help to provide the understanding of work.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded that post-industrial evaluation are depends on growth of factory
system that helped to enlarged market and new scale technologies. Also, analysed that factory
system bought large concentration of raw material and workers that posing in problem of
directing, organizing, controlling work. On the basis of science and medicine it can be said that
there are it is related to better understanding of the human body. In the business world there is
help for improving the performance and result of business. In the system approach to
management, employees are more focused on achieving collective goals for an organization
rather than on operational business. This is also beneficial for strategic planning in order to focus
on managing the work effectively by understanding the various department of work (Han, Zhao
and Gao, 2018).
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