Exploring the Benefits of Exercise for Older People: An Epistemological and Ethical Analysis

This research report explores the benefits of exercise for older people and ways to encourage them to participate in engagement groups. It includes an epistemological and ethical analysis, findings from interviews with older people, and a discussion of the benefits of physical exercise.

Research report
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Epistemology and ethics..................................................................................................................1
Findings............................................................................................................................................2
Discussion........................................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Further, the research method comprises of ways to effectively collect and utilize a set of
data and evidence to ensure improved review of some specific topic (Hamilton, Kaufman and
Diliberti, 2020). The current research is focusing on the exploring about the benefits for older
people who engage in the exercise. Further, it also aims at determining that how to encourage
older people to take exercise. Further, current report also comprises of discussion about the
epistemology and ethical issues along with discussing about the qualitative nature of research
method. Along with this, an effective review of the findings and discussion has been also
made.
Epistemology and ethics
The Epistemology is a commonly used research philosophy which is applied in support
of qualitative form of investigation which facilitates a philosophical nature of study and
supports the analysis of human knowledge. The Epistemology is sometime also known as
theory of knowledge concerned with the mind's relation to reality (Pane and et. al., 2017).
Thus, use of Epistemology theory is made for better answering of the research questions and
topic which requires considering the relationship between knowledge, truth, belief, reason,
evidence and reliability. Thus, application of epistemology philosophy is made together with
and in support of qualitative form of research method which lead to in-depth information and
detailed analysis of facts for better understanding about a selected topic. Further, it has been
also analysed that the Epistemology and ethics are both concerned with evaluations out of
which ethics is related with evaluations of conduct and epistemology is associated with
evaluations of beliefs and other cognitive acts (Kaufman and Diliberti, 2021). Thus,
implication of epistemology and ethics facilitates considerable interest to philosophers are the
ways in which the two kinds of evaluations relate to one another.
Further, Research methods tend to provide an effective strategy, process and technique
to ensure a systematic way to accomplish a project. The current research project is tending to
base on the qualitative method of research that comprises of in-depth and detailed form of
data collection and analysis. Making the use of the qualitative nature of method is
appreciative and suitable for current study as it supports and leads to better underdoing and
implication of the human behaviour along with effective review of behaviours thus lead to
better analysis of healthcare reviews (Schwartz and et. al., 2020). Along with this, for
collection of data use of significant focus group would be made. The focus group within
current study comprise of the number of people who are asked about their perception,

opinions beliefs and attitude towards the current project. The focus group for current study
comprise of the interviewing of the three older people who are tending to attend and focus on
the weekly exercise group that is known as “People keep Moving” the main motto of which is
supporting the better physical as well as the mental health and wellbeing of older people.
Finally, for the analysis of qualitative data collected in for of interview transcript use of the
thematic nature of data analysis would be made. Making use of the thematic analysis lead to
better transcripts of the in-depth interviews and effectively focus on the groups along with
properly identifying the patterns in the meaning across the data. Further, use of the thematic
analysis tend to setting effective theme based on large qualitative data set thus supports better
frequency and analysis of the facts (Nishimura and et. al., 2018).
The main ethical implication and issues related with current study comprises of
marinating the authenticity and viability of collected data along with maintaining the integrity
in work. Apart from thus, having openness and respecting intellectual rights along with
confidentiality of facts and legality is also essential. Thus, a prior approval and consent is
taken before understanding current investigation to maintain the integrity and legality in
work. Apart from this, implication of BERA code of ethics and data protection act is also
made to maintain the confidentiality of collected facts along with ensuring privacy and safety
of information (Marzetti and et. al., 2017). Further, while conducting and leading out current
investigation, it has been ensured by the researcher that all the ethics procedures set out by
BERA codes and ethical conduct has been dually completed and the data provided by the
interview is also duly authentic and correct as it provides latest information conducted in
January 2020 (Stevens and Cruwys, 2020). The findings of the current study are based on the
interview script of the Ben that comprises of collecting of information from the interviewing
of the three older people who are tending to attend and focus on the weekly exercise group
that is known as “People keep Moving” the main motto of which is supporting the better
physical as well as the mental health wellbeing of older people.
Findings
The findings of current investigation are based on interview script of three participants.
These participants and focus group comprises of the Roy who is a 76 years old person lived
on the UK since being a small child. At present the Roy is living along as his wife is died last
year while his elderly daughter and family is living locally. The other participant is Irene who
is 82 years old and lived on a local area and she with her husband liver near their adult
children and also having grandchildren. The last participant of the current interview script is

Vilma who is 70 years old and is divorced and moved to UK from the Estonia near around 25
years ago. Following themes are identified and developed to have better review and analysis
of the key finds of the interviews comprising of views of these three participants.
Theme 1: Reasons Older people are focused on engagement and physical exercise.
Quotes taken from interview script
Roy: “Well it’s my daughter who found about it. She Saw the poster in the doctor’s
surgery.
Ben: “How did your daughter manage to persuade you?
Roy: I was over at her house for a dinner… I generally eat round their once a week…. and
that dancing programme come on.
Irene: “My doctor suggested I come.”
Ben: “Thanks Irene. Can you tell me about how you came to hear about the group, Vilma?
Vilma: “Well I was told about it by one of my friends from my Sewing Group. I think she
has seen a poster or something.”
Interpretation
An analysis can be made based on current interview script that the many older age people
likes to become a part of engagement group and physical exercise as they find it more
social component and it tends to crate and have a feeling of fun and enjoyment and car as
important motivators in their life. Further, during the interview the Vilma also discussed
and emphases on the felling of escapism as the main reason behind her decision to joining
the “People keep Moving” group and focus on physical exercises as it provides a shift of
mind from their daily routine tension and hectic. While, the Roy add on that the physical
exercise and this “People keep Moving” group provides him a positive feeling and he feels
like dancing with this Wife Mary that brings positive influence on his mind and also
improve his physical health. Further, the Irene add to this theme that she came here for the
first time with Gill and he get introduced with others and then she gets a feeling of
friendship and develop better relationship and found many colleagues and friends that the
main reason behind her decision to join the “People keep Moving”. Along with this, Roy
also added that his daughter has seen a promotional add of the “People keep Moving” in
some clinics and thought it would be helpful for Roy to joining this group as it supports
better mental and physical health for him along with spending of time with friends and
colleagues and reduce the issue of being isolate and alone. Vilma then also add that when

she first come up the sort of Latin dancing is going on as exercise that is called as Zuma
rectified by Roy which have her a better impression and way of doing physical exercise.
Thus, on the basis of their reviews an interpretation can be made that the main reason of
Irene for joining the “People keep Moving” group is the fact that she wants to have a good
health and her doctor has also recommended her along with this she get escapism from the
past ideas and develop friendship with other people like Norma which lead to positive
feelings. The main reason of Roy for having the decision of joining “People keep Moving”
comprises of the fact that his daughter was worried of his being along all day thus, coming
to such group leads to higher enjoyment as well as supports better way of exercising.
Further, Vilma also agreed that it’s the physical fitness and health along with the social
side and benefits that leads to her decision of joining the “People keep Moving”.
Theme 2: Ways to encourage larger number of older people
Quotes taken from interview script
Vilma: “I think she had seen a poster or something. So she was thinking of going and
wondered if I’d go with her.”
Ben: So Vilma you came with your friend?
Vilma: On yes….
Roy: Zumba they call it….
Vilma: Yes, that’s the one….
Vilma: No…. no.... the one in Brazil!
Ben: And what about you Roy? After that first time, what made you to come to the group
again?
Roy: Well, it’s funny Vilma saying about the escapism … Because I suppose I did that too
in a way.
Irene: Oh no Roy Love, you cry if you want to….
Ben: And do you feel that physical exercise has helped your health at all Irene?
Irene: Yes, yes I do….
Roy: But I started hearing stories…. Seeing things in paper.
Interpretation

Based on the findings of the current interview, it has been seen that all the three
participants were having a thinking that engagement in the group such as “People keep
Moving” is having a positive impact on the physical as well as the mental health of the
people. It has been also evaluated and find out that Roy tend to add on the findings that
having a part of “People keep Moving” is good for older people as it supports reduction of
being along and feeling of isolation. Further, the Irene also added and like to share that
even the doctors are suggesting to become a part of engagement group like “People keep
Moving” for older people is it ensures prevention of disease along with improving the
mental health and wellbeing of old people along with leading escapism from daily life
stress and issues. Finally, the Vilma also want to supports the fact of encouraging the larger
number of older people to take involved in engagement group and focus on physical
exercise as it tends to strength the social ties of older people along with improving the
cognitive function of the individuals thus, supports better wellbeing of older people.
Further, an analysis and interpretation about the effective ways to ensure larger number of
older people to take involved in engagement group and focus on physical exercise has been
also made which comprises of effective promotion and advertising of such group. Along
with this, making use of social sites and leading awareness from doctors and health care
worker also provides an effective way to ensure that larger number of older people to take
involved in engagement group and focus on physical exercise.
Discussion
On the basis of the findings of current study, it has been seen that being alone and in
active along with issue of social isolation has become a main reason of stress and disease
within the old people. Further, it has been also seen and analsysed that the issue of social
isolation and loneliness within old age people lead to many fatal physical and metal
conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, weakened immune system, anxiety,
depression, cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, etc (Valenzuela and et. al., 2020). Thus, to
overcome this social issues comprises of the feeling of isolation and loneliness in the older
people having engagement and becoming parts of social group focusing on physical exercise
become a best way to support improved physical as well as the mental health of the old age
people. A discussion can be made out based on the findings of the current study that there are
many reasons behind some older people decided and likes to come to group which are

focused on higher engagement and physical exercise top of which comprises of having better
mental and physical health. Further, a discussion about the main benefits and advantages of
taking part in engagement and physical exercise has been made through current study which
comprise of the fact that it provides and supports a multi- dimensional set of activity and
programmes which comprises of a range of exercise, cardio and dances to ensure and
endurance the strength, maintain the balance and flexibility to support better health and
improved functional benefits for the old age people (Mori and et. al., 2020). Along with this,
it has been also seen and analysed that the implication and getting engaged within the
physical exercise supports an effective way and principle for leading behaviour change in old
age people and support a positive motivation for them based on fun and entertainment
activity. Along with this, a discussion can also be made that having improved social supports,
self-efficiency and sense of positive reinforcement and relationship with other people is also
the reason behind that some older people decided and likes to come to group which are
focused on higher engagement and physical exercise. Further, a discussion can also be made
based on the sociological theory that the feeling of isolation is the main reasons behind some
older people decided and likes to come to group which are focused on higher engagement and
physical exercise along with leading an escapism from daily life stress and depression is also
a vital reason for having the older people decided and likes to come to group and physical
exercise (Porto and et. al., 2019).
Apart from this, a discussion about the Ways to encourage larger number of older people
to take involved in engagement group and focus on physical exercise has been also lead and
provided by current study. It has been observed that having effective promotion and
advertising through social media and digital platforms would tend to supports a higher
awareness in old people about the need and benefits of physical exercise thus provide an
effective way to encourage larger number of older people to take involved in engagement
group and focus on physical exercise (Masuki, Morikawa and Nose, 2017). Along with,
involving doctors and health care workers in the engagement program and leading effective
awareness campaign and programmes for old age people would also tend to ensure an
effective way to encourage larger number of older people to take involved in engagement
group and focus on physical exercise. Further, having a beginning with slow and less
intensity exercises and focusing in warm up and positive relationship and effective
engagement activity are also tending to provide the effective way to encourage larger number
of older people to take involved in engagement group and focus on physical exercise (Stevens
and Cruwys, 2020).

CONCLUSION
On the basis of current research project, a conclusion can be made that having proper
engagement in group supporting physical exercise is tend to be very beneficial and
advantageous for the old age people. It has been also seen and summarised that the physical
exercise and engagement in group provide best solution for the issue of social isolation in the
old age people. Further, it also tends to support a better way to overcame and have escapism
from daily routine stress in old age people. Apart from this, it has been also summarised
based on current study that the qualitative method of research supports a more in-depth and
detailed form of investigation. Finally, a summarisation can be made that promotion and
advertising along with involvement of doctors and healthcare workers supports and leads to
better encouragement of physical exercise in old age people.
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