Effectiveness of Exercise Programs in Reducing Fall Events of Elderly - Research Methodology Design and Methods

Msc Advancing Physiotherapy Practice
7006SOH - Research Methodology, Design and Methods
Topic- To assess the effectiveness of exercise programs in reducing fall events of elderly
Word count-4112
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TOPIC........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
RATIONALE............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
RESEARCH QUESTION............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
AIM AND OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Research method.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Research approach............................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Data collection...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Research philosophy............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Research paradigm............................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Ontology and Epistemology.................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
REVIEW DESIGN........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Search strategy..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Databases and search engines.............................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Search terms......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Literature screening.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Inclusive criteria and Exclusion criteria................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Data extraction and quality assessment............................................................................................................................................................... 7
Ethics consideration.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Data synthesis....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
DISSEMINATION....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
TIMESCALE OF THE REVIEW...................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
ESTIMATED COST FOR THE PROPOSED STUDY PROJECT.......................................................................................................................................... 9
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
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TOPIC
To assess the effectiveness of exercise programs in reducing fall events of
elderly people.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Falling is the most common cause that creates fractures in older adults and thus the fall related injuries are the leading cause of
hospitalisation and increased medical costs. Because of serious fractures, the older adults’ activities have been affected in a drastic manner even
in their day to day living habits. Injuries due to falls generate fractures or serious injuries at diversified locations cause long-lasting functional
decline and taking care of such older adults becomes progressively difficult (Hshieh & et.al. 2018). There are various risk factors incurred
among the falls and fall induced injuries that have been demonstrated in a way which assist in gathering actual details about the losses. These
are related to physical inactivity and reduce functional capacity.
Moreover, falls might also generate a risk of fractures in elderly people because of increased exposure to the fall hazards. The
relationship among the exercise and reduction in fall incidences has been studied earlier numerous times. Furthermore, varied systematic review
will be considered in order to perform investigation over the role and effectiveness of exercise in order to reduce or decrease the risk of falling
events that effectively might cause fractures and serious injuries.
LITERATURE REVIEW
As per the views of Ballard and et.al.(2018), it has been evaluated that physical activity refers to activity that consists of bodily
movements that requires appropriate amount of energy expenditure along with exercises that are planned, structured and repetitive with an aim
to improve or maintain one or more components related to the physical fitness. This also helps in order to provide leisure to lifestyle activities.
Exercise acts as a single intervention which is most commonly tested fall prevention intervention for the old adults. The exercise helps the elders
to make their muscles stronger and become more flexible in nature. These activities assist in enhancing the balance level and increase the time
for the old adults in order to become highly active in nature. Regularly doing the fall prevention exercises reduces the risk of falls by specifically
strengthening the key muscles along with joints in order to improve the balance criteria.
With the help of various studies, Müller and et.al., (2018) illustrated that exercise acts as a single intervention which fruitfully assists in
order to reduce the risks related to falls in old age. There are various specific programs that have been run by varied trainers in order to provide
appropriate training to the old elders. The program consists of 17 strength and balance exercises along with a walking program which has been
generally performed three times a week by the older adults at the home premises. These actions might be performed in individual or in a group
setting.
Saeidifard et.al., (2019) states that falls are the primary and leading cause of death, hospital admissions and serious injury among the old
elders. The senior citizens are more prone to falling along with being also more susceptible to getting injured. From numerous studies, it has
been identified that nearly 40 million falls that happen annually among the people who are sharing the age group of 65 plus years, among more
than 10 million people have resulted in facing fall related injuries such as broken hip and head trauma. In order to focus towards the factors that
affect and contribute to senior falls, the specific things which involve, decline into physical fitness as many elders are not active enough to do
regular physical activities or even exercises. Failure to engage in exercises results in reduced muscle mass and strength, reduced bone mass and
poor coordination or balance along with reduced level of flexibility within them that causes serious effects over the health status of the old age
people. Apart from this, age related eye diseases also makes it difficult to detect fall hazards which includes steps, puddles and outsets.
Furthermore, medication side effects, chronic diseases, surgical procedures, behavioural hazards along with environmental hazards.
In accordance with the Carli and et.al. (2020) it has been identified that physical activities on a regular basis creates one of the most
significant things one can do to reduce risks related to health hazards. With the help of proper physical activity, the thinking abilities improve
and reduce short term feelings of anxiety which also acts as a cause that creates certain circumstances of falling. Regular physical activity in the
form of exercise helps the elders to keep their thinking productive enough that makes their mind stronger and reduces the risk of falling by
generating an active mind within them.
RATIONALE
The reason behind conducting this research is to evaluate or determine whether and to what extent, fall prevention exercise interventions
for old age community people are effective in order to prevent diversified kinds of fall related injuries. This issue is considered to become a
research issue to evaluate the affectivity of the exercise practices in the most appropriate manner.
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