Community services sector : Sector performance indicator framework
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Added on 2022-01-21
Community services sector : Sector performance indicator framework
Added on 2022-01-21
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COMMUNITY SERVICES SECTOR OVERVIEW F.1 FCommunity services sector overview CONTENTS F.1IntroductionF.1 F.2Sector performance indicator frameworkF.13 F.3Cross-cutting and interface issuesF.37 F.4Future directions in performance reportingF.41 F.5List of attachment tablesF.42 F.6ReferencesF.43 Attachment tables Attachment tables are identified in references throughout this sector overview by a ‘FA’ prefix (for example, table FA.1). A full list of attachment tables is provided at the end of this sector overview, and the attachment tables are available from the Review website at www.pc.gov.au/gsp. F.1Introduction This sectoroverviewprovidesan introduction totheAgedcareservices (chapter 13), Services for people with disability(chapter 14) and Child protection and youth justice services(chapter 15) chapters of this Report. It provides an overview of the community services sector, presenting both contextual information and high level performance information. Major improvements in reporting on community services this year are identified in each of the service-specific community services chapters.
F.2REPORT ON GOVERNMENT SERVICES2013 Policy context Families are the principal providers of care for children, older people and people with disability (ABS 2010; Australian Government 2008). Community services aim to: •support families to fulfil their caring roles •provide care when families are unable to •provide interventions whena person’s needs are not able to be met within the community without special intervention. Community services provide support to sustain and nurture the functioning of individuals, familiesand groups, tomaximise their potentialand to enhance communitywellbeing(AustralianCouncilofSocial Service 2009). Although community servicesgenerally target individuals, they can bedelivered at an institutional level.Services are typicallyprovided bygovernment and the not-for-profit sector, butthe for-profit sector also has an important role (for example, as owners of aged care facilities). Community services also contribute to the development of community infrastructure to service needs (AIHW 2005). Sector scope Although there is a broad understanding of the nature of community services, the sector is complex, and consistent aggregate reporting across the community services sector is not possible at this time. Definitions of the sector vary in their scope and can change over time. Communit y service activities typically include activities that support individual and family functioning. They can include financial assistance and relief to people in crisis but exclude acute health care services and long term housing assistance. Some of these interventions are included elsewhere in this Report; for example, Public hospitals (chapter 10), Mental health management (chapter 12), Housing (chapter 16),and Homelessness services (chapter 17). The definition of community services activities in this sectoroverview is based on the National Classification of Community Services developed by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW 2003) (boxF.1). The scope of thesector overview is therefore somewhat broader than the three service-specific chaptersin this section of the Report (Aged care services, Services for people with disability, and Child protection and youth justice services).
COMMUNITY SERVICES SECTOR OVERVIEW F.3 BoxF.1Community services activities Community services activities include: Personal and social support— activities that provide support for personal or social functioning in daily life. Such activities promote the development of personal skills for successful functioning as individuals, family members and membe rs of the wider community. Personal and social support activities include: the provision of information, advice and referral ; personal, social and systemic advocacy ; counselling; domestic assistance; provision of services that enable people to remain in their homes; disability services and other personal assistance services. The purpose of such support is to enableindividualstoliveandfunctionintheirownhomesornormalplacesof residence. Support for children, families and carers— activities that seek to promote child and family welfare by supporting families and protecting children from abuse and neglect or harm through statutory intervention. Training, vocational rehabilitation and employment— activities that assist people who are disadvantaged in the labour market by providing training, job search skills, help in findingwork,placementandsupportin open employmentor,where appropriate, supported employment. Financial and material assistance— activities that enhance personal functioning and facilitate accessto communityservices,throughthe provision ofemergencyor immediate financial assistance and material goods. Residential care and supported accommodation— activities that are provided in special purpose residential facilities, including accommodation in conjunction with other types ofsupport, such as assistance with necessary day-to-day living tasks and intensive forms of care such as nursing care. Corrective services—activitiesinrelation to youngpeople andpeoplewith intellectual and psychiatric disabilities on court orders that involve correctional and rehabilitative supervision andthe protectionofpublicsafety,throughcorrective arrangements and advice to courts and releasing authorities.a Service and community development and support— activities that provide support aimed at articulating and promoting improved social policies; promoting greater public awareness of social issues; developing and supporting community based activities, special interest and cultural groups; and developing and facilitating the delivery of qualitycommunityservices.Activitiesincludethe developmentofpublicpolicy submissions,socialplanningandsocialaction,theprovisionofexpertadvice, coordination, training, staff and volunteer development, and managemen t support to service providers. aThis Reportuses the term ‘ youth justice’to referto detention and community-based supervision services for young people who have committed or allegedly committed an offence while considered by law to be a juvenile (chapter 15). Source: AIHW (2003); State and Territory governments (unpublished).
F.4REPORT ON GOVERNMENT SERVICES2013 Other definitions of community services have even broader scope. The National Community Services Information Agreement, managed by the National Community Services Information Management Group (NCSIMG), includes income support and concessions in its definition (NCSIMG 2008 ). Other definitions include activities such as advocacy, public transport, community safety and emotional support. Profile of the community services sector This section examines the size and scope of the community services sector and the role of government in providing community services.Detailed profiles for the services within the community services sector are reported in chapters 13, 14 and 15, and cover: •size and scope of the individual service types •funding and expenditure. Roles and responsibilities The Australian, State and Territory governments have major rolesin the provision of community services. These roles are based on mandatesto ensure basic rights and an acceptable standard of living, and a requirement to protect and support vulnerable people in society. Local governments are also funders and providers ofcommunityservices (AIHW 2005). However, community services funded solely by local government are not included in this Report. Roles and responsibilities for the health sector were confirmed by COAG under the National Health Reform Agreementduring 2011. Under that Agreement, changes in roles and responsibilities for the Home and CommunityCare (HACC)program across the aged care and disability services’ sectors alsocame into effect on 1 July 2011 (for more detail see section F.3, box 13.1 and box 14.5). Government involvement in community services includes: •providing services directly to clients •funding non-government community service providers (which then provide services to clients) •legislating for, and regulating, government and non-government providers •undertaking strategic planning, policy development and administration •undertaking monitoring and evaluation of community services programs.
COMMUNITY SERVICES SECTOR OVERVIEW F.5 The roles and funding arrangements for community services vary across service areas and programs: •statutory child protection, out-of -home care services, intensive family support services and youth justice services are funded and delivered primarilyby State and Territory governments, with some non-government sector involvement, particularly in the deli very of out-of-home care services. Family support and early intervention (assessment and referral) services are funded by State and Territory governments and services are delivered primarilyby non-government organisations •specialist disabilityservices,excluding employment services,are funded primarilybyStateand Territorygovernments (with someAustralian Government contribution) and are delivered primarilyby State and Territory governments and the non-government sector . Employment services are funded and provided primarily by the Australian Government •residential aged care is funded primarily by the Australian Government and services are delivered primarily by the non-government sector •the funding and program responsibilities for HACC services across states and territories (except in Victoria and WA) are split―the Australian Government funds services for older people and State and Territory governments fund services for younger people.HACC services for older people and younger people are jointly funded by the Australianand Victorian governments in Victoria and the Australian and WA governments in WA. Services are delivered byacombinationoflocal government, non-governmentcommunity organisations, religious or charitable bodies, State and Territory government agencies, and private (for profit) organisations. Effective regulation of non-government agencies (through licensing, accreditation and quality assurance) enables agencies to provide services within aframework of agreed standards. Examples include the accreditation ofresidential aged care services and the new Community Care Common Standards that came into effect on 1 March 2011. TheCommunity Care Common Standards apply for the HACC program, Community Aged Care Packages (CACP), Extended Aged Care at Home (EACH), EACH-Dementia (EACH- D) and National Respite for Carers Program (NRCP).
F.6REPORT ON GOVERNMENT SERVICES2013 Expenditure Community services expenditure Estimates of community services expenditure are influenced by the scope of the services to be included. The following broad estimates of community services expenditure provide context for material included in the relevant chapters of this Report. Australia’s welfare 2011(AIHW 2011) analyses community services expenditure incurred by governments, non-government organisations and individual households in providing services to assist members of the community with special needs (families and children, older people, people with disability and other disadvantaged groups). It estimates that: •welfare expenditure broadly comprises spending on welfare services and cash payments. In 2008–09, welfare expenditure was estimated to be $136.6 billion, $94.4 billion of this was for cash payments while $42.2 billion was for welfare services (AIHW 2011) •expenditure on welfare services, excluding welfare payments ($42.2 billion) in 2008–09 represented 3.4 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The amount spent on welfare services between 1998–99 and 2008-09 increased on average each year by 4.9 per cent, much higher than GDP growth of 3.2 per cent (AIHW 2011) •governments were the source of 73.0 per cent ($30.9 billion) of all funding of welfare services in 2008–09, with the non -government sector providing the remaining 27.0 per cent ($11.2 billion) (AIHW 2011). Community Services Australia, 2008- 09(ABS 2010) provides data on community services expenditure incurred by governments and non-government organisations (for-profit and not-for-profit) in providingservices to assistmembers ofthe community with special needs, including personal and social support, residential care and other social assistance services. These data apply to organisations engaged in providing a wide variety of social support services directly to clients,including (but not limited to), welfare services, disabilities assistance and the operation of adult day care centres. Community Services Australiaestimates that,during 2008-09, $25.2 billion was spent on direct communityservices activities and a further $4.0 billion on non-direct and related community services activities. The majority of services were provided by the not-for-profitsector, which received most of its funding from government. Total expenditure on direct activities comprised $13.8 billion by
COMMUNITY SERVICES SECTOR OVERVIEW F.7 not-for-profit organisations, $6.7 billion by for-profit organisations, $3.8 billion by Australian, State and Territory government s and $0.9 billion by local government. In addition,Australian, State and Territory governments provided funding of $9.5 billion to other private organisations and self-employed contractors for the direct provision of community services: •Personal and social support comprises activities relating to information, advice and referral, individual and family support, independent and community living support, and support in the home. During 2008–09, total expenditure on personal and social support was $5.9 billion, which accounted for 24 per cent of all direct communityservices expenditure. Not-for-profit organisationsreceivedthe majority of this ($4.3 billion). The main components of personal and social support expenditurewere $1.6 billion for individual and familysupport, $1.5 billion for support in the home, and $1.5 billion for other personal and social support. •Direct expenditure on residential care across the community services sectorwas $12.6 billion in 2008–09. Not-for-profit organisations had the largest allocation with $7.2 billion, followed by for-profit organisations with $3.3 billion, and government organisations with $2.0billion. Aged and disability care was the most signif icant activity within residential care, accounting for $10.3 billion of total expenditure. The main components of this were high level care ($6.8 billion or 66 per cent), and low levelcare ($3.5 billion or 34 per cent). Not-for-profit organisations accounted for $3.3 billion (48 per cent)of the high level care expenditure and $2.5 billion (73 per cent) of the low level care expenditure. Community services expenditure included in this Report The following analysis relates only to expenditure on programsreported in the community services chapters of this Report (box F.2).
F.8REPORT ON GOVERNMENT SERVICES2013 Box F.2Major programs included in community services expenditure in the Report The major programs reported on include: •aged care services — aged care assessment, residential care and community care, including HACC services •services for people with disability — services as outlined in the National Disability Agreement •child protection and youth justiceservices — child protection, out -of-home care, family support services and intensive family support services , and youth justice services,includingcommunityand detention-based supervisionand group conferencing. Each chapter includes more detailed analysis of expenditure items reported. Recurrent expenditure included in the Report TotalAustralian,State andTerritorygovernment recurrent expenditureon community services covered by this Report was estimated to be $24.2 billion in 2011-12 (table F.1 ). This was equivalent to1.7 per cent of GDP in that year, and 9.3 per cent of total government outlays (table F.1 and ABS 2012). Between 2007-08 and 2011-12, real government recurrent expenditure on these services increased by $5.9 billion or 32.1 per cent. The largest proportional increase in real expenditure was on child protection and youth justice services, which increased by 87.3 per cent between 2007-08and 2011-12.However, in part this increase is explained by the addition in 2011-12 of expenditure data for two new services: family support services and youth justice services.The largest absolute dollar increase for a particular service between 2007-08and2011-12was $2.3 billion for aged care services (table F.1).
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