Facial Recognition Technology: Innovation, Success, and Challenges

This research project explores the innovation behind facial recognition technology, examining its success in various markets, particularly in mobile devices. The paper delves into the major technological advancements that have contributed to its widespread adoption, including infrared cameras, dot projectors, and flood illuminators. It analyzes the benefits of facial recognition for businesses, highlighting its enhanced security, convenience, and market effectiveness. The project also discusses the theory of innovation behind facial recognition, comparing it to fingerprint technology and exploring its potential for future development. Finally, the paper addresses the challenges and limitations of facial recognition, including its high cost, potential security vulnerabilities, and concerns about privacy.

Innovation research project
(Facial recognition technology)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
The major Technological developments contributing in success of Facial recognition..................2
Success of Facial recognition for businesses...................................................................................3
Theory of innovation for success of facial recognition...................................................................5
Failure of such technology in some of the markets.........................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................8

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Face recognition technology............................................................................................1
Figure 2: Face recognition VS fingerprint.......................................................................................6

Introduction
Face recognition is one of the least intrusive and fastest biometric technologies that is one of the
latest innovation to identify the face of the individual. With increase in technology, Smartphones
are now equipped with facial recognition security that is one of the new way to unlock the
Smartphones. This technological innovation is more secure as compared to the normal
fingerprint scanner. Here, this technology people instead of placing finger on the reader, need to
precisely position in front of the scanner (Shoaib et.al. 2015). Facial recognition analyse the
characteristics of person’s face image through the digital video camera.
Facial recognition technology can be measured within the distance between the noses, width of
the nose, depth of eye sockets, length of the jaw line, etc. This technology was first invented in
Samsung that was based on identifying the patterns in person’s Iris. Detection can be based on
the surrounding lighting conditions that can be detected with the wavelength of front facing
cameras. It includes one suitable advantage as it does not require any of the Internet connection
as it is stored and processed locally on the mobile devices (De Marsico et.al. 2014). Similarly,
after success of such technology Apple also took effective advantage of providing more security
to the users of the mobile devices.
Figure 1: Face recognition technology
(Source: Luke Dormehl, 2017)
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The major Technological developments contributing in success of Facial
recognition
With rise in technology, many of the businesses, markets and projects cannot imagine their
success with the functionality of facial recognition. This technology was first presented in Japan
in 2005 within security show of Japan. It was built under technology named OKAO Vision face
recognition Sensor that was mainly created by Omron Corporation (Fathy et.al. 2015). This is
one of the Biometric recognition systems that are now used by famous brands such as Samsung
and Iphone. Iphone camera system consist of multiple innovation technologies such as
 Infrared camera that has the function to read the dot pattern, capturing an infrared
image, then sends the data to secure enclave in A11Bionic chip to match with the
individual featured image (Facial recognition on mobile phones, 2018).
 It has also the technology of Dot projector that display more than 30,000 invisible dots
that are projected on the individual face to build the unique facial. This is one of the
major technological developments that are observed within Mobile devices to success
this new feature in the market (Raja et.al. 2015).
 In addition, Flood Illuminator helps to identify the face even in night but an individual
need to place phone in front of the face that take seconds to detect the individual face and
help to unlock the phone.
This technology is increasing and raising the success of I phones and Android to the next level.
In testing such technology in mobile devices it is one of the secure and reliable technologies in
the market that can provide security to the users of the data. Face ID in the mobile devices meets
with the international standards that are authorised to be purchased from iTunes store, App store,
iBooks, Payments and Apple pay. According to the market research, it can be forecasted that
after such technology users can research up to 1 billion users till 2020. In addition, facts about
the biometric technology clarify that convenience is more important as compared to the security
of the consumers (Gofman et.al. 2016). Moreover, organisations have been working on research
to analyse the possible results after such technology. Apple clarifies the technology that is called
Face ID and uses the suite of sensors to map the face in 3-D. Samsung mainly uses Eyeprint ID
at high resolutions for the front camera to scan the human eye and unlock the phone. On the
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security point of view, ZTE Hawkeye’s technology allows Android to use eye motions and scan
the individual face (Pros and cons of facial recognition, 2018).
The technology features seven sensors and machine learning algorithms that will overcome the
fears of performing harnessing activities and stealing of data. Apple has gained more trust with
adding billions of users when it comes to the point of security.
Success of Facial recognition for businesses
In vertical markets, this kind of technology is used to protect everything from the lock screens,
data and also banking apps. It can also be found in law enforcement handhelds, physical access
control system and also to identify the victims in disaster relief. With using technology of facial
recognition, Mostly Samsung and Apple are trying to get possible advantage to increase the
effective level of customer satisfaction (Facial recognition on mobile phones, 2018). There are
different reasons that have leaded some of the markets to get success in technological world.
Adding utility to service user:
Among the all kinds of biometric technology, face recognition is one of the reliable and efficient
feature that is does not require any of the test subject to the work. Information that was accessed
from traditional computers has become effective for accessing through Smartphones and Tablets.
However, mobile devices have turned to one of the essential component that is acting as one of
the basis need for every individual in the world. With considering the alternatives for criminals,
it is nowadays easy for them to transfer the data and stole easily. But with entering into the 4G
technology it act as one of the secure means for management of data and securing the
information on phones (Yıldırım and Varol, 2015). This provides advantage to high businessmen
that regulate their transactions and store the data in mainly mobile phones. With advancement in
technology, such concept will keep increasing on the continuous rate that will improve the
operations in daily life.
More security in information:
Security is one of the major concerns to store information and is emerging among the mobility
devices. Passwords being the usual mechanism for user authentications and usability and
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effectiveness can be compromised with the security concerns. However, the use of biometrics
brings more convenient and secure authentication methods from traditional passwords to face
recognition technology. According to the survey of biometrics institute industry survey, use of
biometrics technology for mobile access control is one of significant feature that lead to success
of business and also providing satisfaction to the user. Further, it can be used in mobile devices
for secure payments and law enforcements (Yu et.al. 2014). With this facial recognition, no more
hardware is required as mobile devices has inbuilt specialised and featured camera.
Marketplace and effectiveness:
This technology is replacing the finger print methods to face recognition. For example, Apple
first launched Iphone 5 in 2013 with giving the feature of finger print recognition. Then with
more advancements Apple tried to add fastest second generation Touch ID in Iphone 6, 7, 8
(Kummer, 2017). Apple now claims that people will be using possibility for individual to use
face ID that will be effective to scan the Iris of the individual to unlock the phone. Android face
recognition is less safe as it does not work in poor light conditions. However, it needs to
implement more qualified and tested camera that will functions properly in night conditions.
This is tolerance for appearance changes and works in total darkness with the use of biometric
technology. With this technology, Samsung and Apple are able to establish their market
positioning in globalised markets and products are now being sold in international markets with
having such secure feature for large and leading businesses (Barra et.al. 2015).
Implementing effective secure system in individual scenario:
Facial recognition generally has the lower rate of rejection as far as is overcome the concerns of
security and add to convenience of the users. In addition, as the factor of usability and security it
is important for avoiding the imposters to get access to the systems (Pros and cons of facial
recognition, 2018). It is easy and user friendly that can be used with cameras on the phone with
achieving high recognition rates and suitable for secure authentication. It has its own embedded
processing that has reduced the volume of data to be exchanged over network as this technology
is based on off line use and response time is reduced (Barra et.al. 2015). In addition, privacy of
the users is preserved as with biometrics data stay in their own devices. Challenges of using such
feature in dark has lead Apple to use multibiometrics that adds to more security and convenience.
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However, with this technology, Smartphones will eventually include sensors for face, iris and
replacement of fingerprint recognition. Users may face challenges of the cost but it is suitable in
comparison with the use of the hardware. It is one of the alternatives for passwords, patterns and
pins that cannot be forgotten that will add to convenience of the customers. Moreover, some of
the security experts clarify that facial recognition can make consumer safe to perform daily
transactions.
Theory of innovation for success of facial recognition
Innovation behind the use of facial recognition is effective with the use of biometric technology.
Before this, it was mainly used by government agencies, high security agencies, etc that is being
primarily used now in Apple and Smartphones. Theory of innovation behind facial recognition is
to replace the fingerprint technology with adding more security feature to the users. A 3D map of
face with the Face ID uses a front camera and ambient light sensor and also illumination system
that will work as facial recognition system that can work even in dark. Face recognition is more
unique than a fingerprint that will acquire data more accurately of an individual. Advantage over
fingerprint is effective with the help of Zoom login technology (Sheets et.al. 2016). However,
this feature in the technology compares that distortion with images already stored on the phone
camera that will identify the owner of the Smartphone.
Despite the security breaches, the future assumed could be biometric. Apple and Samsung brands
are based on the predictions to combine sensors for the voice, iris, face and replacing the
fingerprints. Biometric modality is one of the types of human trail that accepts the input within
the mobile device (Goode, 2014). Still this feature is not very popular but Samsung and Apple
are trying to use such technology to achieve high market share, better positioning, and heavy
profits and increasing the level of customer satisfaction. It adds to combination of behavioural
and psychological that detects the physical features of individual.
In comparison with fingerprint recognition, it is one of the intrusive subjects that require content
in form of physical characteristics such as scan of Iris, retina and eye feature. However, it has
high permanency and stability that is less affected by the age. Moreover, Biometrics has lead to
promote significant impact on society with more law enforcement and adding to secure feature of
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the society. In addition, it is effective for Samsung and Apple to use such feature to meet with
security and convenient expectation with using mobile devices (Unar et.al. 2014).
Figure 2: Face recognition VS fingerprint
(Source: Danny Thakkar, 2018)
Failure of such technology in some of the markets
Facial recognitions is one of the effective technology that act as one of the future trends for
emerging market but has still some of the challenges. Apple and Samsung are giving competition
to each other as both wants to get attractive benefit with use of such feature in mobile devices.
This feature is only provided by Samsung and Apple, and other brand such as Sony, Motorola,
Oppo, Lenovo, etc are not able to adopt this technology due to its high costing. High sections of
the society can purchase such feature in phones due to high disposable income (Pros and cons of
facial recognition, 2018). But middle class will still prefer fingerprint recognition due to
reasonable costing.
It might not provide security to handling the transactions of the bank account. One of the
alternatives is based on using finger print recognition that can avoid spending cost of I phone and
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Samsung highest model. Apple at the time of launching such feature failed to prove the face
recognition feature at the time of launch but with more efforts it is successful and is expecting to
add millions of customers that will use this feature till 2020. People might have the mindset that
passwords can be best option for protecting the phone. According to the research, Iphone feature
and its legal standards can allow people to use such feature safely as security is more accurate
with using the Face ID feature (Facial recognition on mobile phones, 2018).
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References
Books and Journals
 Barra, S., Casanova, A., Narducci, F. and Ricciardi, S., 2015. Ubiquitous iris recognition
by means of mobile devices. Pattern Recognition Letters, 57, pp.66-73.
 De Marsico, M., Galdi, C., Nappi, M. and Riccio, D., 2014. Firme: Face and iris
recognition for mobile engagement. Image and Vision Computing, 32(12), pp.1161-1172.
 Fathy, M.E., Patel, V.M. and Chellappa, R., 2015, April. Face-based active authentication
on mobile devices. In Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2015 IEEE
International Conference on (pp. 1687-1691). IEEE.
 Gofman, M.I., Mitra, S., Cheng, T.H.K. and Smith, N.T., 2016. Multimodal biometrics
for enhanced mobile device security. Communications of the ACM, 59(4), pp.58-65.
 Goode, A., 2014. Bring your own finger–how mobile is bringing biometrics to
consumers. Biometric Technology Today, 2014(5), pp.5-9.
 Kim, H., Park, J., Lee, J. and Ryou, J., 2015. Biometric authentication technology trends
in smart device environment. In Mobile and Wireless Technology 2015 (pp. 199-206).
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
 Kummer, M., 2017. An in-depth review and comparison of the iPhone X vs. iPhone 7
Plus.
 Raja, K.B., Raghavendra, R., Stokkenes, M. and Busch, C., 2015, July. Fusion of face
and periocular information for improved authentication on smartphones. In Information
Fusion (Fusion), 2015 18th International Conference on (pp. 2115-2120). IEEE.
 Sheets, J.F. and Wagner, K.R., Visa International Service Association,
2016. Authentication using biometric technology through a consumer device. U.S. Patent
9,390,445.
 Shoaib, M., Bosch, S., Incel, O.D., Scholten, H. and Havinga, P.J., 2015. A survey of
online activity recognition using mobile phones. Sensors, 15(1), pp.2059-2085.
 Unar, J.A., Seng, W.C. and Abbasi, A., 2014. A review of biometric technology along
with trends and prospects. Pattern recognition, 47(8), pp.2673-2688.
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 Yıldırım, N. and Varol, A., 2015, May. Android based mobile application development
for web login authentication using fingerprint recognition feature. In Signal Processing
and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), 2015 23th(pp. 2662-2665). IEEE.
 Yu, H.S., Son, S.R. and Park, B.C., Samsung Electronics Co Ltd, 2014. Digital
photographing apparatus and method using face recognition function. U.S. Patent
8,786,760.
Online
 Facial recognition on mobile phones, 2018 [Online] [Accessed through]
<https://skybiometry.com/facial-recognition-mobile-phones/> [Accessed on 11th April,
2018]
 Pros and cons of facial recognition, 2018 [Online] [Accessed through]
<http://blog.specialcounsel.com/legal-issues/pros-cons-facial-recognition/> [Accessed on
11th April, 2018]
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