Factors Influencing Human Behavior and Decision Making
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This essay explores the different factors that influence human behavior and decision making, including social norms, incentives, and outcomes. It also discusses the debate on free will and how external factors shape our choices.
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Name: Instructor: Subject Date: 25 July 2018 Human Behavior and Decision Making Bible theory that God grants man the free will has its foundation on the fact that man has the ability to predetermine an outcome(Thomas). This means that people can choose heaven or hell by making the right choices. However, atheists may argue that there is no free will in such notions because Christians base their decisions on predetermined ideas presented in the Bible(Bhaskar 12). There are different factors that influence human behavior. Some people make decisions about an action because of internal factors while others do so out of external influence. When events or happenings in a surrounding influence a person’s decisions, the individual has no choice but to follow the trend. This raises questions about whether common sense is really free will. In order to prove that people do not have a choice when making a decision, it is important to compare and contrast the different outcomes of an event. Behavioral researchers point out those organizations can influence strategic results by influencing people to produce a certain behavior outcome(Marler and Sandra 22). In this case, a society can predict the performance of a team by initiating motivational factors. This explains why prosperity preachers encourage more disciples by testifying about the effect of giving as a solution to financial miracles. In a society
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where everyone faces economic challenges, a positive message of proven results sells more than a message of unseen hope. Therefore, people will give an offering in order to escape the effects of poverty. Principles that support the action and cause effects believe that social (environmental) factors are critical in shaping behavior. In this case, religion, family and society feature as some of the influencers of personal decisions. Consumer analysts give focus on what shapes trends in the marketplace and why buyers prefer organic products compared to inorganic ones. This defines change in behavior caused by social norms, people’s attitudes and feelings. As a result, researchers will use education status, income level, and age group or career trends as determinants to social phenomenon. The technology age is clear evidence of how technology influences people’s lifestyle choices(Kaufman 102). This refutes the notion that people have the power to make independent choices based on instinct. Incentives and outcomes influence decision-making based on social change. People learn behavior but they also find motivation in the stimulus. When someone receives a good outcome, others around him view this as a witness. The effect is likely to produce a positive income. Reinforcement theory in Psychology encourages the use of positive behavior in a learning environment as one way of encouraging performance. Students who want to gain good grades invest in personal studies for success. In order to encourage learners to pursue academic courses, learning institutions embrace a competitive approach to learning in order to expose candidates to the professional world(Ashley and Tracy 18). Marketable courses such as
Medicine, Law, ICT, and MBA become marketable because they give candidates an edge. Stimulus control is effective in law enforcement because it enhances good behavior. Controlling criminal activities calls for the introduction of punishment in order to discourage others from engaging in illegal activities. Positive behavior is effective is it involves offering an opposite effect for negative behavior. In a society where rules dictate right and wrong, policymakers have an opportunity to compare outcome. However, what might work in one society might not work in another. Shaping attitude and intentions through noticeable results is a result of observable behavior(Hobman, Stenner, and Elisha 1390). Extrinsic rewards from external factors cause people to adopt certain behavior hence prosocial behavior such as doing legal business and obeying traffic rules suffice. Businesspersons choose investment options by observing trends around their business environment. Motivational theorists in psychology support the use of material interests as factors for encouraging good behavior. Sceptics of this theory support free will stating that it is impossible to mould individuals. One example of an area of contention is in climate change. Changing consumer behaviour about controlling pollution and waste management is a challenge because people have personal preference and characters that are hard to change(Urry 25). The saying that habit is second to nature complicates behaviour change through social examples. Disadvantages of making decisions based on external factors includes the sociobiological perspective associated with personality traits. Predicting behaviour using outcome from other people’s experiences may not
produce optimal results. This gives room for more choices as factors for predicting behaviour. The decision making process is has benefits in problem solving approaches. Policy makers, individuals and organizations base their judgment on the satisfactory evidence of what they experience. For example, before allocating resources to a team of professionals, training is necessary. This ensures that participants produce the expected results of a process. Poor decisions tend to produce bad results. Risk management entails an analysis of the risk, benefit factors. Avoiding risks starts with an estimation of losses based on experiences. However, overgeneralisation in the experimentation process may arise leading to substandard decisions. Making social comparisons influences conformity but may not support total attitude change. However, social norms and the effectives of adaptive behaviour continues to define social influence. In conclusion, decision-making is a process influenced by various factors. Motivational factors such as rewards and incentives encourage social outcomes such as ethical behaviour, consumer perception and learning. Both short term and long- term outcomes depend on the perceived outcome. Although credibility is an issue of concern in social influence, it is evident that people are comfortable with effective solutions. Making decisions based on possible implications is one way to make practical choices. There is proof that strategic implementation of decisions in organisations continues to bear fruit. People choose a result oriented approach when making decisions in order to avoid risks. Forming habits through routine is effective because of external factors. Making desired decisions starts with the optimisation of
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actions. This essay is proof that people do not choose to act out of a free will but because of references from social approval.
Works Cited Ashley, Christy and Tutenn Tracy. "An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement."Psychology & Marketing(2015): 15-27. Web. <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mar.20761>. Bhaskar, Roy.From east to west: Odyssey of a soul. Routledge, 2015. Hobman, Elizabeth, Karen Stenner and Fredrick Elisha. "Household energy use: Applying behavioural econoics to understand consumer-making and behaviour."Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews(2015): 1385-1394. Print. <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114007990>. Kaufman, Vincent.Rethinking mobility: Contemporary sociology. Routledge, 2017. Print. Marler, Janet, H and L, Fisher Sandra. "An evidence-based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management."Human Resource Management Review 23.1(2013): 18- 36. Web. Thomas, Talbott.Heaven and Hell in Christian Thought. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2013. Urry, John.Climate change and society. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Print.