Failures of electric vehicles in India research proposal | Assignment

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Table of Contents
Title - “Failures of electric vehicles in India”..................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH FOCUS...................................................1
JUSTIFICATION AND CONTEXTUALISATION.......................................................................4
METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................5
Ethics...........................................................................................................................................7
Reliability and validity................................................................................................................7

Title - “Failures of electric vehicles in India”
INTRODUCTION
India in one of the top ten automotive market presently in the world and due to increasing
buying potential and steady economic growth of the middle class population is enhancing the
sales of automotive industry. But there are various reasons of failures of electric vehicles in
India. In order to identify these factors or reasons, researcher will identify various aspects of
electric vehicles and their failure in India. India is clearly lagging behind in terms of setting up
basic infrastructure (Bertness, 2018). The electric car owners can not charge until they go back to
their home because of improper infrastructure in India. The researcher will use various research
methodologies, primary and secondary sources of data in order to collect relevant data and
information related to the subject or topic of this study. This Research will also include a brief
literature related to the failure of electric vehicles in India which will help to identify the reasons
why electric auto-mobiles failed to achieve success in the country (Shin, Kim and Lim, 2018).
This research proposal will develop a structured procedure to examine the information of the
subject and further conduct a significant research to analyse the factors that contribute in the
failure of electric vehicles in India and provide significant recommendations on the same.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH FOCUS
Increasing level of air pollution in Indian cities has been a reason of concern for the car
manufactures and policy makers. Around 25 cities in India are within the 100 most polluted
cities in the world. The cause of increasing air pollution in Indian cities is highly related to
different sources but the transport sector makes a great contribution as well (Bresler and Stake,
2017). It is essential to minimise the emissions from the transport sector in order to control the
increasing pollution in the country. The negative impacts of air pollution on health of human and
economy are also major concern and hence to control the adverse effect on environment, policy
makers are using various options. Electric vehicles have been observed as an useful technology
or option and certain national governments have impressively implemented effective policies for
promoting the technology. Indian government is eager to promote electric vehicles as a green
mobility alternative and is also consider it as a most effective solution for reducing air pollution
in the cities (Dobryden and et.al., 2017). In India, electric 3 wheeler vehicles have been a little
successful but on the other electric 2 wheelers, 4 wheelers and buses failed to attract customers.
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There are various reasons that contributes in the failure of the electric vehicles in India.
Maximum Indian people prefer petrol, gas or diesel driven cars, they do not seem to be ready to
buy and utilise the electric cars because of their slow speed, slow pick up and non-availability of
charging centres in the cities or locality of the area. According to the society of manufactures of
electric vehicles, only 22000 units of electric vehicles were sold in India by March 2016
including only 2000 cars. In addition to this, sales of electric cars increased at a high rate of 94%
in global market due to other countries such as Europe, US and China (Khan and et.al., 2017).
The major reason contributing to the failure of the electric vehicles is lack of technology and
significant infrastructure to support manufacturing of electric vehicles in India. Efficient
elements such as batteries with high density are still a challenge in India. Owning an electric car
in India feels like having a vehicle on leash. Battery charge time, range and distance between
charge stations surely are concerns every electric vehicles purchase needs to make sure all
around the world. If a user can not get from one point to another without getting the vehicles
charge than he or she will definitely resit in buying electric vehicles. The people can not recharge
their vehicles anywhere between the routes as India is not much developed in terms of
infrastructure. There is a high level of development required in the country so that electric
vehicle users can easily charge their 2 wheelers, 4 wheelers or buses. It is very important to
develop a strong and high technology infrastructure in the country so that electric vehicles can be
promoted in a more effective way. Although charging infrastructure is not the only driver or
factor for failure of electric vehicles in India. Along with the charging infrastructure there are
other factors consist the cost of electric vehicles, dovetailing incentives with green policies,
preferential policies and consumer education. The charging time for electric vehicles is another
issue for users of electric users. In order to travel for a specific distance it is very necessary for
the electric vehicle to be fully charged. But it takes a long time to charge a vehicle that consumer
essential time of the users. It is highly important for developing high density batteries so that
customer can travel longer distances by charging once. Therefore, it can be summarised that
India is facing many challenges in order to promote electric vehicles in the country and it
requires a lot of development to motivate people for buying electric 2 wheelers and 4 wheelers.
Aim - “To identify the reasons for the failure of electric vehicle in India”
Objectives -
 To determine the significance of electric auto-mobiles
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 To identify evolution of hybrid vehicles in India
 To examine the factors responsible for failure of electric vehicles in India
 To provide effective recommendations promote electrical vehicle in the country.
Research questions
 How to determine the significance of electric auto-mobiles?
 How to identify evolution of hybrid vehicles in India?
 How to examine the factors responsible for failure of electric vehicles in India To provide effective recommendations?
Significance of the research
With the help of present research reasons for failure of electric vehicle in India can be
identified. With the help of present research, importance of electrical vehicle can be successfully
develop in India. Therefore, it helps to reduce air pollution from the environment in successful
manner. (Jhunjhunwala, Kaur and Mutagekar, 2018). With this regard, it can be stated that air
population can be reduced with using different strategies and techniques. It will helpful to focus
on appropriate work system that can establish desired results in India. Hence, it can be stated that
solution to reduce air pollution from the country in systematic manner. It will assist to focus on
desired level of results that can be established to maintain proper functioning. With the help of
electric auto mobile country will gain several advantages in systematic manner (Bresler and
Stake, 2017).
Developing electric vehicle is also essential for reducing greenhouse gases so that
emission also positively develop at workplace. In this consideration, it can be stated that India
can focus completely to reduce negative impact from the transportation. It assists to go further
and eliminate need for fossil fuels. Moreover, electric vehicle are cheaper to run and maintain so
that safety improvements can be successfully consider with energy security. With the help of
rechargeable batteries, appropriate uses of energy can successfully develop that assists to meet
with common hybrid car (Brinkmann, 2014). It also aids in improvement of efficiency and
exclusively ascertained more desired level of results. Car pollution is one of the major cause of
global warming so that it need to emit which contribute one fifth of the country in appropriate
manner. Greenhouse gases also reduced which rise and worldwide develop effectiveness.
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JUSTIFICATION AND CONTEXTUALISATION
How will building existing body of knowledge
The present research is important for identifying failure of electric vehicle in India. This is
because; it ascertained solution for development of electric vehicle in the country. Therefore, it
can be stated that effectiveness can be successfully develop with consideration of reducing
pollution and expenses. With the help of electric vehicle, more systematic and appropriate
outcomes will be developing which would be helpful to increase lifestyle of people. Main benefit
of electric vehicle is environmental safety that increases several other advantages that would be
beneficial to focus on more effectiveness (Gopal, Witt and Harris, 2015. Electric cars are also
effective in term of cost so that it can be said that expenses can be reduce easily. Hence, it helps
to increase GDP and more development of the country is also ascertained with successful
advantages and effectiveness. Furthermore, it can be stated that large part of the country's cost
remain same so that they can easily develop more significant advantages at workplace.
Furthermore, it can be said that customers have come to expect fuel efficiency with every new
vehicle so that it differentiate with line-up and something truly valued as per choice of people.
With the help of present research, solution for air pollution problems can be identified.
Therefore, it assists to focus on goals and objectives that can be accomplish with innovative
functioning. Furthermore, usefulness and advantages can be successfully build with electrical car
in India.
In the present research, there are several advantages with implementation of reasons for
identifying reasons of which is cause of greenhouse gases. Electric cars are 100% eco-friendly so
that it provides proper safety in the environment as it runs on clean energy source. They are also
better than the hybrid cars because it considers hybrid running on gas produce emission. This
topic has been selected to maintain security and reliability because there are fewer moving parts
so that there is lower maintenance costs. On festive season, it can be stated that fastest level gas
powered that is refuelled under five minutes. In addition to this, pollution effects also create
impact on health of human so that chemical effects need to be reduced. Breathing polluted air
puts at higher risk which create several other problems issues. Electric vehicle is better for India
because it assists to reduce using of fuel so that several costs associated in this can be reduced
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successfully. Moreover, it can be stated that electric vehicle can lead with different sources of
spending and saving when it is compared to conventional (Saxena, Gopal and Phadke, 2014).
Importance for implement electrical vehicle
Cost to run electric vehicle is slightly more complicated. In addition to this, pay gas
pump type fee every time EV battery can be charge that are used to counts towards electric bill.
As a result, it can be stated that decreasing in price also assists to focus on renewable energy and
advance technology that would be beneficial to consider successful policy implementation. Fuel
used to power car is only one factor that assists to focus on vehicle maintenance costs which can
be stack up over the time. With the help of comparison, it can be stated that internal combustion
engine is cost disappear so that universal vehicle expenses like tire and brake changes, insurance
and structural repair that included with EV owners avoid many repeated cost that is associated
with engine upkeep.
Importance of present research
A great reason to go with electric vehicle is wealth of federal and state incentives
available. It rebates ans assists to include typically higher cost for electric car. As a result, it
makes financial feasibility which change constantly and important to know what kinds of
incentives that are available in front of each person (Nykvist and Nilsson, 2015). Availability of
incentives is also coupled with continuously falling cost that made investment with smart energy
and money decision. Furthermore, electric vehicle are also assists to deal as per lifestyle of
person when it is compared to myriad cost surrounding ICE purchase and maintenance. In order
to choose EV can be intelligent fiscal decisions.
METHODOLOGY
In order to successfully determines implementation of electric vehicle in India, it can be
stated that research methodology consider important role with specific procedure. In this
consideration, it can be stated that techniques used and identify to analysis information about
particular topic (Jhunjhunwala, Kaur and Mutagekar, 2018). As a result, it allows to the reader to
critically evaluate importance of implementation of electric vehicle in India. It also assists to
evaluate overall study with assess validity and reliability. In order to accomplish aim, primary
and secondary research will be conducted through targeted population in India who are using car.
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There are following strategies can be implemented that assists to conduct appropriate research
program: Research philosophy: Research philosophy is kind of belief that assists to conduct
research in a particular way that include phenomena and gathered, analysis and used.
With this consideration, different types of elements encompass with different
philosophies of research approach. As a result, two perspective such as positivism and
interpretivism selected that assists to ascertained appropriate findings with subjective
measurement (Gopal, Witt and Harris, 2015). Positivism research philosophy consider
believe that reality is stable that can be observed and described as per objective point of
view. Isolated outcomes also observed that includes manipulation of reality with
variations in single independent variable. On the other hand, interpretivism research
philosophy contend with subjective interpretation. Therefore, in the present research this
strategy has been used that assists to understand reality and natural environment with
interpretivist theory. With this regard, together acknowledgement can be ascertained that
admitted to maintain appropriate functioning in the whole research. In the present
research, interpretivism philosophy has been used that assists to consider appropriate
classification to discuss about implications in general way (Rashid, 2017). Furthermore,
choice of primary data collection can be done with this method. Research approach: Research approach can be define as plan and procedure that consist
more steps with broad assumption in detailed perspective. In this regard, method of data
collection, analysis and interpretation can be resolved which is based on nature of
research problem that being addressed with collection of appropriate information. This
approach is used to consider appropriate reasoning. There are two types of approaches
exists such as inductive and deductive. In the present research inductive method used
which is carry to focus on quantitative information. It also helpful to provide relevant
data that consider from specific to general (Mackey and Gass, 2015). As a result, it can
be consider in successful manner to focus on appropriate functioning at workplace. It can
be applied in further research study which would be beneficial to focus on access overall
research tools in effective manner. Research design: Research design can be define as the arrangement of conditions and
collection. In this consideration, descriptive analysis can be made successfully that assists
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to consider appropriate findings. With this regard, different kinds of research design
exists such as correlative, observation, case study, descriptive, experimental, etc. All
these kinds of design useful to conduct appropriate study (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault,
2015). In the present research, descriptive research design has been used that assists to
find in-depth information that is useful to focus on relevant information and outcomes. Research strategy: There are two types of research strategies such qualitative and
quantitative. In the present study, quantitative research strategy has been used that assists
to consider survey on the basis of questionnaire. It is also helpful to attain overall goals
and objectives which would be beneficial to attain more desired level of results (Lewis,
2015). On the basis of quantitative data and information, valid and relevant information
regarding failure of electric vehicle in India can be assess. As a result, it would be
beneficial to focus on direct consideration which develop more systematic results at
workplace. Data collection: In the present research, data collection is one of the important parameter
that assists to ascertained desired level of results. In this consideration, primary and
secondary two types of data useful that assists to focus on appropriate findings and
analysis results. Primary data collected with conducting survey. In addition to this,
secondary data will be gather from previous research, different authors views, etc.
Furthermore, researcher need to concentrate on appropriate findings and analysis with
using different aspects of measurements (Vaioleti, 2016). Data analysis: In the present study, thematic and descriptive data analysis method has
been used. It assists to focus on goals and objectives that can be accomplish with using
different strategies. In this regard, it can be stated that appropriate findings and research
study will be ascertained in desired manner.
 Sampling: Sampling method consider in two types of methods so that it contain non-
probabilistic and probabilistic. From the both, researcher consider non-probabilistic in
which simple random sampling method has been used to conduct appropriate research
(Ledford and Gast, 2018). In this regard, it can be stated that 30 sample size has been
selected for present study in which respondents included those people who using car and
effectively know about electric measurement of car vehicle. Target population is people
who using car in India and interested in electrical vehicle.
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Ethics
In order to conduct research, it can be stated that research involve human subject and
participants that raised unique and complex ethical, legal, social and political issues. In this
aspect, it can be stated that ethics assists to raise people awareness. In this regard, researcher
need to ensure that present study never harm to any person in the whole process never harm. As
a result, it can be stated that research ethics can be successfully followed that contain
responsibilities, human rights and animal welfare. It assists to protect appropriate system of the
environment and regulate effective functions at workplace (Bresler and Stake, 2017).
Reliability and validity
Reliability and validity is important consideration which includes measurement of the
stability and consistency of test scores. In this regard, it can be stated that ability for test and
research findings must be repeatable and effective that can be implement for further research
program. It is also beneficial to focus on accurate measurement of whole outcomes that
ascertained desired results at workplace. Internal reliability and consistency measure well tested
and effective functioning to implement electronic vehicle at workplace of India. Reliability
coefficient is measure of achievement that consider proportion of observed score (Brinkmann,
2014). In the present research, limited time so that research consider on appropriate functioning
and effectiveness from valuable resources.
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