Fighting Against Cancer Research Paper 2022

Running head: FIGHTING AGAINST CANCER
FIGHTING AGAINST CANCER
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:

FIGHTING AGAINST CANCER
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Introduction:
With the global burden of chronic diseases, combating the high prevalence of cancer has
been a long-standing challenge that impacted more than thousands of the lives every year. In
UAE, it is the third leading cause of the death, accounting for 16% of the death. In 2015,
approximately 427 deaths caused by the cancer, intensifying the need for developing therapeutic
interventions that can combat the disease (Www.haad.ae., 2020).. This paper aims to
demonstrate challenging issues experienced STEM advancement, two examples showing
evidence for change and two solutions to improve the challenge in the following paragraphs.
Discussion:
Two challenging issues experienced in UAE:
In the recent era, mitigating cancer has been a long-standing challenge in UAE. The
two most common challenge experienced by the United Arab Emirates is early screening and
immunotherapy. While early screening of cancer can prevent premature morbidity, early
screening of the cancer is a challenge due to lack of awareness amongst population and no
symptoms of the cancer in the early stages (So et al., 2019). Several early screening tests have
been proved to detect early symptoms of cancer and reduce the possibility of early deaths
(Albeshan et al., 2018). The second long-standing challenge experienced in STEM advancement
is developing appropriate immunotherapy. The immunotherapy has been a severe challenge
because majority of the immunotherapy are cannot be applicable for the general population and it
requires an individualized approach. Another factor that contributed to the challenge is target site
development. The UAE government decided to include cancer in the key performance indicator
in The UAE National Health Agenda 2021 for assessing the health care goal of the nation (So et
al., 2019).
Analysis of the challenge associated with immunotherapy:
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a critically significant approach for treating
cancer patients in the recent era. UAE has been conducted extensive research on cancer immune
therapies to mitigate certain cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, renal cancer,
breast cancer and bladder cancer. While vast research and clinical investments dedicated to

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advance this synthetic therapeutic approach, there is a range of challenges raised that hinder
appropriate development of cancer immunotherapy (Hegde & Chen, 2020). The key challenges
of developing immunotherapy include identification of the key driver of cancer immunity, full
characterization of the impact of steroid and immune suppression on the autoimmune disease,
development of regulatory endpoints for cancer immune therapy, targeting tumour
microenvironment and development of multi-agent cancer therapy regimen (Kaimala et al.,
2018). The monoclonal antibodies and cancers vaccinations are common examples of immune
therapy of cancers that subjected to extensive challenges.
Two examples showing evidence of the evolution of challenges:
In the recent 5 years, the challenges have been significantly evolved in the more specific
one that significantly hindered the clinical trials. The more specific challenge associated with
cancer immunotherapy is targeting tumour microenvironment as it is the essential component for
facilitating malignancies in certain cancers such as breast cancer, prostate cancer (So et al.,
2019). Noman et al. (2019), highlighted evidence that targeting hypoxic tumour environment is a
significant challenge that hindered the optimized result in the clinical trials. The tumour
microenvironment protects the tumour from the anti-tumour response where hypoxic stress
reduces the immunoplasticity and facilitate the tumour heterogeneity. On the other hand, Janji,
Berchem and Chouaib (2018), exhibited another evidence that over the years, targeting
autophagy in the tumour microenvironment has been another challenge due to heterogeneity.
Therefore, these evolutions of challenges further intensifying comprehensive need for
developing cancer immune therapy.