Finance: Research on Carbon Disclosure Project, Climate Change, PUMA, and Adani Coal Project

This research covers topics such as Carbon Disclosure Project, Climate Change, PUMA, and Adani Coal Project. It includes a report on the proposed Adani coal project and its impact on the tourism sector, government revenue, and natural heritage sites of the Great Barrier Reef.

Running Head: FINANCE 1
FINANCE
Institution affiliation
Student name
Date

FINANCE 2
PART A - General Research
Question 1
Carbon Disclosure Project is a reporting system for global climate change that is involved in
harmonizing climate change data for organisations around the world so as to develop
international standards of carbon reporting. To keep with the focus of the carbon disclosure
project around the globe, researchers settled a narrower industry segment and at a broader
geographical region. In the past, researchers sought to determine the companies that would be
responding to the information requestedand the methodology they used in reporting their
greenhouse gas emissions and whether there was external verification of their reported figure.
Question 2
Failure to comply with the expectations held by the society would be costly to the organization
as it could attract sanctions imposed on the organisation either in the form of restrictions on its
operations, limited financial capital and labour resources provision or decrease in demand of the
organization's products.
Question 3
It refers to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC was started by the World
Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programmein 1988. All
members of these organizations including the United States can join. It does not monitor nor
conducts any researchclimate-related data or parameters. IPCCs main objective is to provide
governments at all levels to develop climate policieswith scientific information.

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Question 4
It operates through a centralized authority which is a body of governmental anddistributesand /or
sells a restricted number of certifications. These certifications allow discharge of specific
amounts of a particular pollutant in a given timeframe. It is mandatory to those who pollute to
buy licenses in an amount equivalentto what they emit. If a polluter wants to increase their
emissions the market they can only buy from the willing holders in the market.
Question 5
 To change the external expectations of its performance
 To manipulate perception by deflecting attention from the issue of concern to other
related issues through an appeal to, such as , emotive symbols
 To change the relevant public perceptions – but not changing their actual behaviour
 To educate and inform its relevant publics about the actual changes in the organisation’s
performance and activities.
The organization can do the above to make sure to establish to maintaining its state of
legitimacy.
Question 6
It involves accounting for social and environmental impacts that place a cost on the externalities
generated by the organisation and then deducts these costs from ‘accounting profit’. It is called
this way because it would more fully ‘costs’ the activities that the organisation is undertaking.
Question 7

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Expectations by environmentalist like members of an NGO would suggest or expect the
organisation to be responsible to source logs from environmentally sustainable sources. Visitors
to a national park might think it is irresponsible for an entity engaged in logging activities not
have logs to use during their tours whereas employees would expect that the management would
have all that is required for the customers not to complain.
Question 8
Climate change refers to changes in weather patterns, related changes in ice sheets and land
surfaces, oceans, occurring in a given period of the time scale of decades or a period not longer
than 30 years. The risk to the global economy is one of the accounting issues as it can possibly
shrink its output by 20% as was reported by stern 2006.
The other issue would be driving sustainable strategic and operational decisions. Managements
accountants have a role to play though CIMA’s shows even where they are engaged in activities
related to climate change it has been on an unplanned basis. Availability of stiff competition so
as to secure funding for projects is making it difficult to demonstrate a compelling return on
investment in the management of climate change.
Question 9
PUMA is committed in trying to work in ways that give back to the world by supporting,Peace,
Sustainability and Creativity. They also try to stay true to the principles of Fairness, exercising
Honesty, being Positive and embracing Creativitywhen making decisions and before taking
actions. They start in Sport and ends in Fashion.It is committed to living within its principles

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through empowering employees and suppliers towards our collective sustainability goalson all
levels to take action- this is by providing an authentic and informed customer experience.
(a) Do you think it does it successfully?
Yes the do it well through the following approach
There is an approach that is used in the E P&L called environmental valuation approaches that
tries to quantify in monetary terms the changes in human welfare resulting from PUMA’s
environmental impacts. An estimated environmental effects cost to society of PUMA is
presented by the E P&L. This approach employs is a various techniques estimating changes in
the peoples’ welfare. This is done by eliciting estimate directly by asking the amount they would
want to pay to achieve a needed environmental outcome.
They also use market prices associated with management of many environmental impacts e.g.
waste disposing cost, charges paid for abstraction and useof water, or carbon traded traded price.
They also use abatement cost to reduce emissions impacts by adopting differentpracticesin the
manufacturing, which is termed as abatement cost.
Part 2
Report on the proposed Adani coal project
Abstract
This report introduces the proposed project set to be established within Queensland in the north
of Galilee. It highlights some of the impacts it may have on the tourism sector, its impacts on
government revenue and its shortcomings to the natural heritage sites of the Great Barrier Reef.

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This report seeks government and relevant authorities to consider the benefit and the
shortcomings of the project.
Introduction
This project is intended to be one of the world’s biggest coal mines in Australia, Queensland in
the north of Galilee. It intends to serve 100 million Indians and shall be constructed by the
AdaniGroupand shall wholly be owned subsidiary of India's Adani Group. The process of
mining is planned to be conducted by both open-cut and underground methods.
Purpose
As indicated earlier this project intends to serve 100 million Indians. If this project is approved,
the state and federal government shall receive the following revenue; subscription fees, the
company will be selling repeated access to electricity by the 100 million Indians. There will be a
monthly subscription plan taxable by both the state and the federal government. Other sources of
revenue this is a recurring revenue model that will keep the company in self-
sustainability(Kroon, Thorburn, Schaffelke& Whitten, 2016). Asset sale revenue will also be
received by the government in parts as during the sale of Adani Group asset. The project shall
also generate revenue as a onetime project. This shall depend on the fluctuation and stability of
the market. From the project it is evident that the government shall reap a huge benefit from
revenue collected by the group. The utilization of the power across sectors of the economy will
see increased per capita income as employment opportunities will be available to a majority of
people. However, the government might be concerned about the environment degradation and

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the effects on its people which may pose a challenge on the approval of this project. Therefore,
this project needs to be stopped.
If this project has to be approved the government shall be required to extinguish native title for
the Adani coal mine. This could be done through compensation or selling the land at a price
stipulated within the area or land exchange can be conducted(Kroon, Thorburn, Schaffelke, &
Whitten, 2016).
Since the project will have big residual from the mining of coal it shall be expected that dumping
of the sediment from the black coal on the doorstep of the Great Barrier
Reefshalltakesplace(Stuart-Smith, Brown, Ceccarelli& Edgar, 2018), the GBR attracts over 2.2
million international and 1.7 million domestic visitors annually generating economic benefits for
Australia of AU$6.4. Tourism sector would be on the forefront perhaps to stop the project
considering huge profit witnessed in the tourism sector. However, Governments needs to take an
appropriate decision since it has the power to select, define, and fund areas for protection.
The Great Barrier Reef found in this region of Australia which is being focused on this report
represents one of most iconic world heritage sites and must be respected and no man,
government however powerful should temper with it. GBR is a natural asset of a global
significance heritage site and home to the most diverse and terrestrial ecosystem in the world.
The contribution to carbon emissions, impact on Aboriginal people, and the impact of water
pollution on the Great Barrier Reef
When sediment as well as other pollutants mix with water, they lower water quality, smother
coral reefs, and speed the growth of damaging algae(Stuart-Smith, Brown, Ceccarelli& Edgar,

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2018). Pollution can also make corals impede coral growth and reproduction, become more
vulnerable to disease, and cause changes in food structures on the reef. This may have corrosive
negative effects on aboriginals utilizing those resources.
India’s appetite for energy grows
India is the world’s third largest oil consumer with 1.3 billion people and its small middle class
population is growing first increasing demand for oil. So her economy has strained so much over
the increase prices of energy over several months ago. OPEC countries are the biggest suppliers
of oil to India where it sources to 86percent of its crude oil and 75 percent of its natural gas.
Looking for an alternative to save her people remains the only solution at all cost and already
technology and innovation are pushing them towards an alternative.
Conclusion
Mining development represents both negative and positive impacts on local communities. The
current mining is thriving and encouraging for the changes it has brought in communities even
those that are far from those areas. However, some communities overwhelmed by a new mining
population bringing so much social and economic stresses and small communities continue
struggling even more as the try to cope. There is rising concern amongst sociologist on how this
may represent a relationship shift in public-private which may further reduce the government
assistance in the respective areas and foster dependency on mining companies which may be a
big blow when they close.
Recommendations

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The government and all other stakeholders should and must protect our national heritage by all
means at their disposal
There should be increased adherence of set guidelines towards protecting our environments and
natural heritage.
References
Kroon, F. J., Thorburn, P., Schaffelke, B., & Whitten, S. (2016). Towards protecting the Great
Barrier Reef from land‐based pollution. Global change biology, 22(6), 1985-2002.
Stuart-Smith, R. D., Brown, C. J., Ceccarelli, D. M., & Edgar, G. J. (2018).Ecosystem
restructuring along the Great Barrier Reef following mass coral
bleaching. Nature, 560(7716), 92.