Finance and Investment Calculations

The provided document outlines a finance assignment consisting of several questions. These questions focus on calculating compound interest for different scenarios, analyzing investment returns, and determining the necessary annual percentage rates for achieving specific retirement goals within a given timeframe. The assignment requires understanding financial concepts like future value, present value, and compounding.

Running head: FINANCE 1
Finance
Name:
Institution:
Date:

FINANCE 2
Question 1
Future value calculations if the payments are made at the end of the year with annual
compounding
FV = P * {(1+R)^N) - 1) / R}
FV= 1000(1+10%) ^5)- 1/ 0.1
FV= $ 1000(1.1^ 5)-1/0.1
= $ 1000( 1.6105-1 )/ 0.1
= $ 1000 ( 0.6105) / 0.1
= $ 610.5 /0.1
= $ 6105
(b) Future value calculation if investment is done each
FV= P * ( 1+R) ^ N) -1 / R
1st Year FV= $1000 (1 + 10%) ^1) -1/ R
= $1000 (0.1) /0.1

FINANCE 3
= $1000
2nd year FV = $1000 (1 + 10%) ^1) -1/ R
= $1000 (0.1) /0.1
= $1000
3RD Year FV= $1000 (1 + 10%) ^1) -1/ R
= $1000 (0.1) /0.1
= $1000
4TH Year FV= $1000 (1 + 10%) ^1) -1/ R
= $1000 (0.1) /0.1
= $1000
5th Year FV= $1000 (1 + 10%) ^1) -1/ R
= $1000 (0.1) /0.1
= $1000
After 5 years compound=( P +1000*5)

FINANCE 4
=$ 6000
(c) Monthly compounding for an investment
Monthly Compounding: FV = $1,000 x (1 + (15% / 60)) ^ (12 x 5) =
FV= 1000(1+(10%/ 60)^ (12*5 )
FV= $ 1000(1 + (0.001667) ^60
= $ 1000(1.001667) ^60
= $ 1000 (1.105)
= $ 1,105.07
(d)Explain what is meant by continuous compounding.(2 marks)
This means an instance mathematically where the principle amount is constantly and
continuously earning interest and the interest being earned is also earning its own interest
continuously. It can also be defined as the limit mathematically that the compound interest
can and will earn or a process of time value for money accumulation in an instantaneous and
continuous basis (Grangaard, 2004).

FINANCE 5
(e) Continuous compounding
Future Value (FV) = PV x (1 + (i / n)) ^ (n x t)
Compounding annually: FV = $1,000 x (1 + (10% / 1)) ^ (1 x 5) = $
= $ 1000 (1.6105)
= $ 1610.5
Question 2
You would like to have $100,000 in 10 years from now to fund the education expenses of a
family member. You wish to deposit money into a bank account to achieve this goal. The
money will earn interest at 3% per annum compounded annually (Shapiro & Streiff, 2004).
(a)
How much must you deposit annually as an ordinary annuity to achieve your goal?
FV= $ 100000

FINANCE 6
N = 10 years
R= 3%
P= Principal
100000= P(1+3%) ^10)- 1/ 0.03
100000= 11.46 P
P = 100000/11.46
=$ 8,723.1
(b)Instead of making annual deposits, how much would you need to deposit as a lump sum
today to reach your goal?
100000= P(1+3%) ^1)- 1/ 0.03
100000= 1 P
P = 100,000

FINANCE 7
(c)Suppose that at the beginning of the first year, you deposit $10,000 in the bank towards
your goal of $100,000 at the end of 10 years (Donald, 2016). In addition to this deposit, how
much must you deposit each year as an ordinary annuity to obtain your goal?
FV = P * {(1+R) ^N) - 1) / R}
FV= $100000
P=
FV= $ 100000
N = 10 years
R= 3%
P= Principal
100000= P(1+3%) ^10)- 1/ 0.03
100000= 11.46 P
P = 100000/11.46
=$ 8,723.1
Question 3

FINANCE 8
(Total marks for this question = 12 marks)
An investor wishes to invest $10,000 in a term deposit with a bank for a term of 2 years. The
bank is offering term an interest rate of 3% p.a with annual compounding, or an interest rate
of 2.95% p.a with bi annual compounding, or an interest rate of 2.9% p.a with quarterly
compounding.
(a) Which term deposit is the best investment? (3 marks)
A=P(1+i)^n
A=Future value
P=Principal
i=r/ppy
n=t*ppy
ppy=periods per year
investment 1: @3% annual compounding
A=$10000(1+0.003/1)^2
P=$10000
I=3%/1
Ppy=1
n=2
=$10000(1.006009)=$10060.09
Interest =$60.09

FINANCE 9
Investment 2:interest 2.95% half year compounding
A=P(1+i)^n
A=10000(1+2.95%/2)^4
n=t*ppy
ppy=2
n=2*2=4
A=$10000(1+0.01475)^4
=$10000(1.06031825)
=$10,603
Interest=$603( Best investment)
Investment 3:2.9%interest compounded quarterly
A=P(1+i)^n
=10000(1+2.9%/4)^8
n=2*4=8
=10000(1+0.00725)^8
=10000(1.00725)^8
=$10,000(1.05949)
=10594.9

FINANCE 10
Interest=$594.9
Investment 1
(b) Calculate the future value (FV) of each of the three investments. (6 marks)
Future Value=Present Value(1+r)^n
r=interest rate
n=number of years
investment 1: @3% annual compounding
A=$10000(1+0.003)^2
=$10000*1.006009
FV=10060.09
Investment 2:interest 2.95% half year compounding
FV=PV(1+r)^n
FV=10000(1+2.95%)^2
n=2
10000(1.0295)^2
=$10,000(1.0598)
FV=$10,598

FINANCE 11
Investment 3:2.9%interest compounded quarterly
FV=PV(1+r)^n
=10000(1+2.9%)^2
=$10,000(1.05884)
FV=$10588
If the marginal income tax rate for the investor is 45%, what is the total amount of interest
received after tax for each of the three investments? (3 marks)
interest after tax=1-45%=55%
Investment 1= Interest =$60.09*55%=$33.04
Investment 2: Interest=$603*55%=$331.65
Investment 3: Interest=$594.9*55%=$327.19
Question 4
(Total marks for this question = 8 marks) An employee of a company wants to accumulate
$1,000,000 to be able to retire. The employee wants to deposit money on a regular basis into
their investment account. (a) Suppose the employee deposits $5,000 at the end of each year
into their investment account. With annual compounding, what annual percentage rate will
need to be earned for the employee to be able to retire in 25 years after opening their
account? (2 marks)

FINANCE 12
A=P(1+i)^n
A=$1,000,000
P=$5,000
r=?
n=25 years
$1,000,000=$5,000(1+r/100)^25
200=(1+r/100)^25
353.55=(1+r/100)
=35.3%
(b) Assume the employee deposits $100,000 at the beginning of the first year into their
investment account and deposits $5,000 at the end of each year. With annual compounding,
what annual percentage rate will need to be earned for the employee to be able to retire 25
years after opening their account? (3 marks)
A=P(1+r/100)^25
A=100000
P=5000
N=25
$100,000=$5,000(1+r/100)^25
20=(1+r/100)^25

FINANCE 13
111.8=1+r/100
110.8=r/100
R=11%
If the employee deposits $5,000 at the end of each year into their investment account, how
long would it take for the employee to accumulate $1,000,000 to be able to retire assuming an
interest rate of 10% per annum with monthly compounding? (3 marks)
A=P(1+r/100)^n
N=t*ppy
N=12t
$1,000,000=$5,000(1+0.1)^12t
20=(1.01)^12t
=52 years

FINANCE 14
References
Brunning, A. Why does asparagus make your wee smell?.
Compound interest. (2002). London.
Donald, D. (2016). Compound interest and annuities-certain. [Place of publication not
identified]: Cambridge Univ Press.
Grangaard, P. (2004). Plan right for retirement with the Grangaard strategy. New York:
Perigee.
Shapiro, D., & Streiff, T. (2004). Annuities. Chicago, IL: Dearborn Financial Institute.