Finance for Business - Assignment Sample

Running head: FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Finance for Business
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors Note
Course ID

1FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Table of Contents
Description of Company:...........................................................................................................3
Ownership governance structure:...............................................................................................4
Substantial Shareholders of LBT Innovations Ltd:................................................................4
Main people involved in LBT Innovations Ltd governance:.................................................4
Computation of Fundamental Ratios:........................................................................................5
Short Term Solvency Ratios:.................................................................................................5
Long Term Solvency Ratios:.................................................................................................6
Asset Utilization Ratios:........................................................................................................6
Profitability Ratios:................................................................................................................6
Market Value Ratios:.............................................................................................................7
Description of Results:...............................................................................................................7
Graph of Monthly Share Price Movements:..........................................................................7
Comparative analysis with share price index to All Orders Index:.......................................8
Factors influencing share price movement of LBT Innovations Ltd:........................................9
Computation of Beta Value and Expected Rate of Return using CAPM:...............................10
Computed Beta for LBT Innovations Ltd:...........................................................................10
Computation of Required rate of return:..............................................................................10
Rationale for Conservative Investment:...............................................................................10
Computation of Weighted Average Cost of Capital:...............................................................11
Weighted Average Cost of Capital:.....................................................................................11

2FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Explanation of WACC implications on management evaluations perspective:..................12
Debt Ratio:...............................................................................................................................12
Dividend Policy:.......................................................................................................................13
Letter of Recommendations:....................................................................................................13
Reference List:.........................................................................................................................15

3FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Executive Summary:
The current report is based on understanding of the LBT Innovations Ltd operations, its core
business activities and the market it operates. The report would be providing a highlight of
ownership and governance structure of LBT Innovations Ltd. A fundamental analysis of the
ratios would be performed over the past two financial years to understand the financial
position of LBT Innovations Ltd. The share prices of the company over the last two years
will be compared against the all ordinaries index to understand the movement in the share
prices of LBT Innovations Ltd. The report would further providing an analysis of the factors
that impact the share price of LBT Innovations Ltd by placing emphasis on the industry wide
factors. Additionally, an understanding of the conservative environment would be provided
by placing focus on the weighted average cost of capital that would be derived by using the
CAPM model. Further emphasis would be paid on debt ratio and the dividend policy of LBT
Innovations Ltd.

4FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Description of Company:
LBT Innovations Ltd enhances the outcome of patients by creating more effective
healthcare. LBT Innovations Ltd is based on Adelaide, provides high class leading
microbiology automation products (Lbtinnovations.com 2018). Over the last decade the
company has turned out to be the major path breaking designer in the areas of advanced
automated solutions relating to the preparation and analysis of microbiology culture
specimens, with significant amount of benefits to the busy clinical laboratories.
The very first technology of LBT Innovations Ltd was the culture plate streaking that
was named as Micro Streak, was invented by the company’s Scientific Director named John
Glasson during the year 2009 (Lbtinnovations.com 2018). During the year 2009 the Micro
Streak was exclusively licenced to one of the leading French diagnostics organization named
Merieux SA that marketed the innovations of Micro Streak till 2015. Presently the company
is involved in the process of re-engineering the Micro Steak for new age of automation with
large number of major diagnostics organizations have expressed their interest in partnering
with the LBT Innovations Ltd.
The company markets its products across Australia and also partners with Zurich
based Hettich AG Switzerland for commercially manufacturing the first plate rendering tool.
The LBT Innovations Ltd constantly explores the intelligent imaging software further than
the conventional microbiology. LBT Innovations Ltd in partnership with world class
computer scientist at Adelaide University have created a conceptual model for devices that
are hand held and records the development of the long-term enduring injuries to help nurses
and clinicians that are engaged in their treatment (Lbtinnovations.com 2018). The company is
nicely positioned to introduce the wide reaching solutions amid the worlds rising pathology

5FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
requirements since the company is expanding from laboratory processes to the computer
oriented vision and analysis.
Ownership governance structure:
Substantial Shareholders of LBT Innovations Ltd:
The names of the substantial shareholders of the LBT Innovations Ltd in the listed
register of the company as on 18th September 2017 stood
Name Total number of shares held Total percentage of share
held of issued capital (%)
Bio Merieux SA 9,772,727 6.89%
Mr Brendan Moran 7,724,407 5.44%
Total 17,497,134 12.33%
As evident from the above stated shareholdings it can be stated that there is no
shareholdings of higher than 20% in LBT Innovations Ltd however shareholders register of
the company on 18th September reflected two substantial shareholders that have greater than
5% of the total substantial shareholdings (Lbtinnovations.com 2018). This includes Bio
Merieux SA with total number of ordinary shares of 7,772,727 that approximately constituted
6.89% of the shares that is held from the issued capital. While Mr Brendan Moran held
7,724,407 shares that approximately sums up 12.33% of the total issued share capital. Based
on the information of the substantial shareholdings it can be stated that the company is a non-
family company there is no such substantial shareholdings of greater than 20%.
Main people involved in LBT Innovations Ltd governance:
The LBT Innovations Ltd board and senior management consists of the leaders that
posses high level of expertise in the areas of pharmaceutical, healthcare, technologies, legal

6FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
and financial sector. The board expertise in the areas of strategic management, corporation
law and fundraising is entirely complemented by the familiarity of the hospital and clinical
laboratory operations (Lbtinnovations.com 2018).
Name Interest in Shares Interest In Options
Catherine Mary Costello 1,290,272 ordinary shares 161,290
Robert Andrew Finder 807,692 ordinary shares 161,290
Brenton Barnes Nil 1,500,000 ESOP
Lusia Halina Guthrie 148,149 Nil
Stephan Paul Mathwin 519,230 ordinary shares 64,516
Caroline Popper 200,000
As evident from the above stated table none of the shareholders have any substantial
shareholding of greater than 20% of the share capital (Lbtinnovations.com 2018).
Additionally the holdings of the above stated board members are below 5% of the share
capital that are involved in the corporate governance of LBT Innovations Ltd.
Computation of Fundamental Ratios:
Short Term Solvency Ratios:
Liquidity Ratios:
Particulars` 2017 2016
$000 $000
Current Assets A 10220.0 6538.0
Current Liabilities B 4194.0 1965.0
Inventory C 0.0 0.0
Prepayments & Other Assets D 0.0 0.0
Cash & Cash equivalents E 3498.0 4682.0
Current Ratio F=A/B 2.44 3.33
Quick Ratio G=(A-C-D)/B 2.44 3.33

7FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Cash Ratio H=E/B 0.83 2.38
Long Term Solvency Ratios:
Financial Leverage Ratio:
Particulars` 2017 2016
$m $m
Total Assets A 30470.0 29445.0
Total Equity B 21393.0 19190.0
Total Liabilities C 9077.0 10255.0
Debt-to-Equity Ratio D=C/B 0.42 0.53
Debt Ratio E=C/A 0.30 0.35
Equity Ratio F=B/A 0.70 0.65
Asset Utilization Ratios:
Efficiency Ratio:
Particulars` 2017 2016
$m $m
Total Assets A 30470.0 29445.0
Fixed Assets B 20250.0 22907.0
Revenue C 5923.0 7726.0
Trade & Other Receivables D 2365.0 525.0
Total Asset Turnover Ratio E=C/A 0.19 0.26
Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio F=C/B 0.29 0.34
Receivables Turnover Ratio G=C/D 0.40 0.07
Profitability Ratios:
Profitability Ratios:
Particulars` 2017 2016
$000 $000
Profit for the year A -5133.0 3577.0
Revenue B 5923.0 7726.0
Total Assets C 30470.0 29445.0
Total Equity D 21393.0 19190.0

8FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Net Profit Margin E= A/B -86.66% 46.30%
Return on Equity (ROE) F=A/D -23.99% 18.64%
Return on Assets G=A/C -16.85% 12.15%
Market Value Ratios:
Market Value Ratio:
Particulars` 2017 2016
Earning per Share A -0.040 0.031
Dividend per Share B 0.00 0.00
Market Value per Share C 0.32 0.2
Dividend Pay-out Ratio D=B/A 0.00% 0.00%
Dividend Yield Rate E=B/C 0.00% 0.00%
Price-to-Earning Ratio F=C/A -7.96 6.75
Description of Results:
Graph of Monthly Share Price Movements:
12/1/2015
1/1/2016
2/1/2016
3/1/2016
4/1/2016
5/1/2016
6/1/2016
7/1/2016
8/1/2016
9/1/2016
10/1/2016
11/1/2016
12/1/2016
1/1/2017
2/1/2017
3/1/2017
4/1/2017
5/1/2017
6/1/2017
7/1/2017
8/1/2017
9/1/2017
10/1/2017
11/1/2017
12/1/2017
-50.00%
0.00%
50.00%
100.00%
150.00%
200.00%
Stock Price Movement
LBT Innovation All Ord Index
Figure 1: Figure representing share price movement
(Source: As Created by Author)

9FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Comparative analysis with share price index to All Orders Index:
As evident from the above stated stock price movement a comparative analysis of the
LBT Innovations Ltd stock price has been carried out to measure the performance against the
all order index (Tricker and Tricker 2015). Gauging into the stock price movement for LBT
Innovations Ltd it can be stated the movement in share prices has been moderate throughout
the 2016 except on certain occasions where the stock price have declined negatively.
Instances from the stock price movement suggest that during the month of April in
2016 the stock price declined negatively to stand at -16.67% while in June the stock price
scaled heights to stand positively at 44.83% (McCahery, Sautner and Starks 2016). Though in
the later months the stock price of LBT Innovations Ltd stood as low as 2.70% whereas in the
month of September the stock price attained peak to stand positively at 171.05%
(Au.finance.yahoo.com 2018). In the later year of 2017, LBT Innovations Ltd hardly reported
any significant movement in the stock price as the share prices of the LBT Innovations Ltd
remain consistent with the all ordinaries index.
The company reported less fluctuations in the share prices except in the penultimate
month of November 2017 where the LBT Innovations Ltd share prices dipped to stand -
27.45% (Aguilera, Judge and Terjesen 2018). As understood from the graphical
representation of LBT Innovations Ltd an assertion can be bought forward by stating that the
company has reported lower instances of fluctuations in the share prices against the all
ordinaries index with share prices of LBT Innovations Ltd relatively stable (Editorial 2018).
Opposing to the higher stock price movements in 2016 the stock price for LBT Innovations
Ltd has represented a nature of stability in yielding returns to its shareholders.

10FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Factors influencing share price movement of LBT Innovations Ltd:
The shares of the medical device LBT Innovations Ltd over the last two years have
been a great mover. The “industry wide factor” include the company’s joint venture with
the Switzerland based Hettich AG. This eventually resulted the share prices of LBT
Innovations Ltd to scale heights by as high as 89% to 36 cents, prior to declining back to 31
cents (Armstrong et al. 2015). The company has also formed joint venture with the Clever
Culture System AG that aims to introduce the APES into the market in the form of automated
separate plate that would be followed by the integrated incubator.
This includes “macroeconomic” factors such as government grants of $4 million
funding from South Australian Government has contributed to the up-ward rising trend in
share prices of LBT Innovations Ltd (Scott 2015).
Another factor that were responsible for the upward rising share prices is the
“changes in the company focus” as LBT Innovations Ltd announced its Automated Plant
Assessment System has been finally granted approval by the US food and drug
administration for being authorized as the class II medical device (Schaltegger and Burritt
2017).
As per the media release of APES it is regarded as the ground-breaking artificial
intelligence based technology that contributed to the automated imagination, interpretation of
analysis and significant growth in the microbiology cultural plates after the completion of the
incubation process (Macve 2015). While it can be considered as the bigger step forward for
the LBT Innovations Ltd. The higher share prices would not make the investors in making an
investment in the shares of LBT Innovations Ltd given the share prices are currently scaling
heights.

11FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
LBT Innovations Ltd has successful operational model with relatively higher net
profit margins and asset turnover that have contributed to the rise in the share price of the
company (Warren and Jones 2018). In comparison with the LBT Innovations Ltd
“Competitors” the company has though reported yearly revenues and earnings at the slower
rates, which implies that there are still the need for strategic focus. LBT Innovations Ltd
return on current assets over the period of two years have suggest that the company has
relatively higher operating returns (Au.finance.yahoo.com 2018).
The share prices though traded at the lower price book multiple of 0.81, during the
first half of the year but the historical growth in the share prices have been positive for LBT
Innovations Ltd (Williams 2014). Therefore the above stated factors have contributed to the
share prices movements of the LBT Innovations Ltd.
Computation of Beta Value and Expected Rate of Return using CAPM:
Computed Beta for LBT Innovations Ltd:
The computed beta for LBT Innovations Ltd stood negatively at -1.11.
Computation of Required rate of return:
Particulars Amount
Beta of the company A -1.11
Risk Free Rate B 4%
Market Risk Premium C 6%
Required Rate of Return D=B+[AxC] -2.66%
The risk free rate of the company stood 4% and the market risk premium standing at
6% the required rate of return for the LBT Innovations Ltd stood negatively at -2.66%.

12FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Rationale for Conservative Investment:
The rationale behind the conservative investment in the shares of LBT Innovations
Ltd is based on the required rate of return that is arrived at -2.66%. The required rate of return
for the company stood negatively with the beta of the company at a relatively lower side to
stand negatively at -1.11 (Hoyle, Schaefer and Doupnik 2015). The risk free rate for the
company relatively stood 4% where as the market risk premium stood at 6%. An argument
can be bought by stating that required rate for company forms the decisive factor in making
an investment.
As evident from the computations there is a significantly differences in the required
rate of return reported by the LBT Innovations Ltd. This may stand as the opposing factor for
the investors that are looking forward to earn higher rate of return in the short run (Deegan
2013). The investors may choose to make a moderate investment in the shares of the LBT
Innovations Ltd since the required rate of return for the company stands negatively. It is
worth mentioning that the LBT Innovations Ltd has relatively lower amount of beta at -1.11
and the level of risk involved in making an investment in the shares of LBT Innovations Ltd
is relatively low (Barker and Penman 2016).
Of late the shares prices of LBT Innovations Ltd has hardly represented any
significant movement against the all ordinary index (Barberis et al. 2015). However, from the
perspective of investors short term return from the shares of LBT Innovations Ltd may not be
a viable options but in the long run the shares of LBT Innovations Ltd would yield returns for
the investors.
Computation of Weighted Average Cost of Capital:
Weighted Average Cost of Capital:
Particulars Amount Weightage Cost
Return
Rate
Tax
Rate WACC

13FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Total Long Term Debt 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 30.00% 0.00%
Total Equity 21393 100.00% -2.66% -2.66%
TOTAL 21393 100% -2.66%
Explanation of WACC implications on management evaluations perspective:
A higher weighted average cost of capital can be considered as the signal for higher
risks that are associated with the operations of the company’s operations. Investors generally
requires supplementary return to presume extra risks. An organizations weighted average cost
of capital can be used as the tool of estimating the anticipated costs for the entire financing
resources (Kuehn, Simutin and Wang, 2017). This comprises of the payment that is made on
the obligations of debt or the cost of financing the debt and the required rate of return that is
demanded by the management ownership or the cost of equity financing.
The weighted average cost of capital is regarded as the major considerations in the
valuation of an organization loan application and for operational assessment (Jegadeesh et al.
2017). Companies usually look into the ways of lowering the weighted average of cost capital
through economic sources of financing. The valued investors may express their concern if the
company’s weighted average cost of capital is higher than the original return. This indicates
the company may be losing value and there may be effective return available for the investors
in the market.
Debt Ratio:
The debt ratio for the company during the year 2016 stood 0.35. Whereas in the year
2017 the debt ratio marginally falls to 0.30. The director’s declaration states that the
management of the LBT Innovations Ltd implements control on the capital so that they can
make sure that the company can funds its functional operations and continue in the form of

14FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
going concern (Zabarankin et al. 2014). The debt structure of the company includes ordinary
share capital and the financial liabilities that is supported by the financial assets. LBT
Innovations Ltd has no external capital requirements.
The management of LBT Innovations Ltd effectively manages the capital by
determining the financial risks and adjusts its capital through management of debt and issue
of shares. Based on the opinions of the directors from the director’s statement it is evidently
clear that there is reasonable sense of grounds that the company would be able to pay its
debts as and when they become due and payable (Fama and French 2017). There have been
no changes in the debt and capital structure by the management to control the capital of LBT
Innovations Ltd.
Dividend Policy:
No form of dividends was paid by the company, nor has LBT Innovations Ltd made
any recommendations to pay the dividend for the financial year ended 30 June 2017.
Letter of Recommendations:
To XYZ
Adelaide, South Australia
Respected Sir,
I would like to draw your kind attention in response to the analysis that has been
performed above for LBT Innovations Ltd is to provide valuable recommendations relating to
considering the company as a prospect for investment to derive future yields. The share
prices of the LBT Innovations Ltd trades at lower price to book multiple of 0.81 while its
market peer median stands 1.36. The EBITDA along with the earnings of LBT Innovations

15FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Ltd both stands negatively that suggest that the price to earnings are not meaningful in
assessing the operating advantage of the growth anticipations.
The company has though higher net profit and asset returns with successful model of
operations. In comparison to LBT Innovations Ltd peers the yearly revenue and the earnings
at a lower rate however with recent government funding the focus of the company has
strengthened in the areas of Micro Streak. The company has lessor amount of debt and
growth prospect of the investors can be considered to be rising.
Though the company has not paid dividend in recent years but there with expanding
base of technological advancement made in the areas of Micro Streak may enable the
company in the upcoming financial year to declare dividend any time soon. The stock price
of LBT Innovations Ltd have reflected a moderate movement against the all ordinaries index.
Therefore, the company can be considered in the watch list from the investor’s point of view.
Hope that the above stated recommendations would help in making wise investment
decisions.
Thank You
Angel Investors

16FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Reference List:
Aguilera, R.V., Judge, W.Q. and Terjesen, S.A., 2018. Corporate governance
deviance. Academy of Management Review, 43(1), pp.87-109.
Armstrong, C.S., Blouin, J.L., Jagolinzer, A.D. and Larcker, D.F., 2015. Corporate
governance, incentives, and tax avoidance. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 60(1),
pp.1-17.
Au.finance.yahoo.com. (2018). ^AORD Historical prices | ALL ORDINARIES Stock - Yahoo
Finance. [online] Available at: https://au.finance.yahoo.com/quote/%5EAORD/history?
p=^AORD [Accessed 9 May 2018].
Au.finance.yahoo.com. (2018). LBT.AX Historical prices | LABTECH FPO Stock - Yahoo
Finance. [online] Available at: https://au.finance.yahoo.com/quote/LBT.AX/history?
period1=1448908200&period2=1519756200&interval=1mo&filter=history&frequency=1mo
[Accessed 9 May 2018].
Barberis, N., Greenwood, R., Jin, L. and Shleifer, A., 2015. X-CAPM: An extrapolative
capital asset pricing model. Journal of financial economics, 115(1), pp.1-24.
Barker, R. and Penman, S., 2016. Moving the conceptual framework forward: Accounting for
uncertainty. Unpublished paper, Oxford University and Columbia University.
Carlon, S., McAlpine-Mladenovic, R., Palm, C., Mitrione, L., Kirk, N. and Wong, L.,
2015. Financial Accounting: Reporting, Analysis and Decision Making. John Wiley and Sons
Australia.
Deegan, C., 2013. Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia.

17FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Editorial, R. (2018). ${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} Quote| Reuters.com.
[online] U.S. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview/LBT.AX
[Accessed 9 May 2018].
Fama, E.F. and French, K.R., 2017. International tests of a five-factor asset pricing
model. Journal of financial Economics, 123(3), pp.441-463.
Hoitash, R., Hoitash, U. and Yezegel, A., 2017. The Effect of Accounting Reporting
Complexity on Financial Analysts.
Hoyle, J.B., Schaefer, T. and Doupnik, T., 2015. Advanced accounting. McGraw Hill.
Jegadeesh, N., Noh, J., Pukthuanthong, K., Roll, R. and Wang, J.L., 2017. Empirical tests of
asset pricing models with individual assets: Resolving the errors-in-variables bias in risk
premium estimation.
KUEHN, L.A., Simutin, M. and Wang, J.J., 2017. A labor capital asset pricing model. The
Journal of Finance, 72(5), pp.2131-2178.
Lbtinnovations.com. (2018). Company Overview | LBT Innovations. [online] Available at:
http://www.lbtinnovations.com/about-us/company-overview/ [Accessed 9 May 2018].
Lbtinnovations.com. (2018). LBT Board | LBT Innovations. [online] Available at:
http://www.lbtinnovations.com/about-us/board/ [Accessed 9 May 2018].
Macve, R., 2015. A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting: Vision,
Tool, Or Threat?. Routledge.
McCahery, J.A., Sautner, Z. and Starks, L.T., 2016. Behind the scenes: The corporate
governance preferences of institutional investors. The Journal of Finance, 71(6), pp.2905-
2932.

18FINANCE FOR BUSINESS
Schaltegger, S. and Burritt, R., 2017. Contemporary environmental accounting: issues,
concepts and practice. Routledge.
Scott, W.R., 2015. Financial accounting theory (Vol. 2, No. 0, p. 0). Prentice Hall.
Tricker, R.B. and Tricker, R.I., 2015. Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and
practices. Oxford University Press, USA.
Warren, C.S. and Jones, J., 2018. Corporate financial accounting. Cengage Learning.
Williams, J., 2014. Financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Zabarankin, M., Pavlikov, K. and Uryasev, S., 2014. Capital asset pricing model (CAPM)
with drawdown measure. European Journal of Operational Research, 234(2), pp.508-517.