Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Key Provisions

This assignment analyzes the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, a U.S. law enacted to protect investors from fraudulent accounting practices. It examines key provisions such as sections 302 (CEO and CFO responsibility), 401 (accurate financial statements), 404 (internal control reporting), 409 (material change disclosure), and 802 (criminal penalties for document alteration). The assignment concludes that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is crucial for ensuring transparency and accountability in corporate financial reporting.

Running head: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Financial Accounting
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author note

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Background
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been enacted by the U.S Congress. The main purpose of
the legislation is to provide protection to the investors against the fraudulent accounting
operations carried on by companies. Strict reforms have been made mandatory by the legislation
for enhancing financial disclosures and preventing the corporations from indulging in accounting
fraud. The legislation had been enacted as a response to wide scale accounting malpractices dung
the early 2000s when scandals such as Tyco International plc, WorldCom and Enron Corporation
caused significant losses to the investors. These scandals shocked the confidence of the investors
and thus a need for overhauling regulatory standards has been created.
Section 302
According to section 302 of the CA the chief financial officer and the chief executive officer are
directly responsible for the documentation, submission and accuracy of every financial report
along with the internal control framework to the Securities Exchange Commission. The CEO and
CFO would be held accountable if there is any error in relation to the financial reports.
Section 401
The section requires all financial statements published by an organization to be correct and must
not contain any statement which is not true or the admission of stating material information. The
financial statements consist of all material information related to off balance sheet transactions,
obligations and liabilities. The organizations have the responsibility of reporting all off balance
transactions.
Section 404

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
According to section 404 the organizations need to publish material information in the annual
reports related to the adequacy and scope of procedures of financial reporting and internal
control structures. Through these statements the effectiveness of such procedures and internal
controls are required to be assessed. It is the duty of the registered accounting form to report on
the assessment and effectiveness of internal control procedures and frameworks in relation to
financial reporting.
Section 409
According to the section it is the duty of the issuers to disclose before the public information
related to material changes on an urgent basis with respect to their financial operations and
conditions. The disclosure in relation to such changes must be made in such a way so that the
terms can easily be understood by the supporters by qualitative and trendy information of
graphical presentation as and where required.
Section 802
The section had been provided through Title VIII of the act (Corporate and Criminal Fraud
Accountability) and is related to the provisions of criminal penalties where documents are
altered. Fines and penalties along with imprisonment up to 20 years have been imposed by the
section for destroying, altering, concealing, mutilating or falsifying tangible objects, documents
and records having the intention to impede, influence or obstruct a legal investigation. Fines and
penalties along with imprisonment up to 10 years have also been imposed by the section on
accountant who breaches requirement of maintain audit and review paper for a period of 5 years.
Summary

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Through upon analyzing the background of the legislation as well as the provisions provided
through it, it can be stated that the legislation is a good move for ensuring that the organization
do not Indulge in ny fraud and misrepresentation in relation to account to cheat the investors.

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
References
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002)