Kendal Ltd. Financial Statement Analysis
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AI Summary
This solved assignment examines the financial records of Kendal Ltd., focusing on bank reconciliation and adherence to IFRS and IASB standards. It emphasizes the importance of matching cash and bank records, utilizing suspense accounts for balance verification, and following established accounting principles in preparing financial statements.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
1. Financial accounting................................................................................................................4
2. Regulations relating financial accounting...............................................................................5
3. Accounting rules and principles..............................................................................................5
4. The conventions and the concepts relating to consistency and material.................................6
CLIENT 1........................................................................................................................................7
a. Doing entries in the journal of Alex Study’s...........................................................................7
b. Presenting ledger accounts in relation to the transactions of Alex..........................................8
c. Preparation of trial balance....................................................................................................16
CLIENT 2......................................................................................................................................17
a. Preparing profitability statement............................................................................................17
b. Statement of financial position..............................................................................................18
CLIENT 3......................................................................................................................................19
a. Preparing profitability statement of Raintree Ltd..................................................................19
b. Drafting balance sheet of Raintree Ltd..................................................................................20
c. Defining prudence and consistency concept of accounting...................................................20
d. Evaluating depreciation methods...........................................................................................21
CLIENT 4......................................................................................................................................22
a. Explaining the purpose of preparing bank reconciliation statement in the context of Kendal
Ltd..............................................................................................................................................22
b. Listing and explaining causes due to which cash records vary from bank accounts.............23
c..................................................................................................................................................23
1. Preparing a bank reconciliation statement.............................................................................23
2. Drafting updated cash book of Kendal Ltd for December 2017..........................................23
3. Presenting bank reconciliation statement as at 31st December 2017....................................24
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
1. Financial accounting................................................................................................................4
2. Regulations relating financial accounting...............................................................................5
3. Accounting rules and principles..............................................................................................5
4. The conventions and the concepts relating to consistency and material.................................6
CLIENT 1........................................................................................................................................7
a. Doing entries in the journal of Alex Study’s...........................................................................7
b. Presenting ledger accounts in relation to the transactions of Alex..........................................8
c. Preparation of trial balance....................................................................................................16
CLIENT 2......................................................................................................................................17
a. Preparing profitability statement............................................................................................17
b. Statement of financial position..............................................................................................18
CLIENT 3......................................................................................................................................19
a. Preparing profitability statement of Raintree Ltd..................................................................19
b. Drafting balance sheet of Raintree Ltd..................................................................................20
c. Defining prudence and consistency concept of accounting...................................................20
d. Evaluating depreciation methods...........................................................................................21
CLIENT 4......................................................................................................................................22
a. Explaining the purpose of preparing bank reconciliation statement in the context of Kendal
Ltd..............................................................................................................................................22
b. Listing and explaining causes due to which cash records vary from bank accounts.............23
c..................................................................................................................................................23
1. Preparing a bank reconciliation statement.............................................................................23
2. Drafting updated cash book of Kendal Ltd for December 2017..........................................23
3. Presenting bank reconciliation statement as at 31st December 2017....................................24
CLIENT 5......................................................................................................................................25
a..................................................................................................................................................25
1. Sales ledger control account..................................................................................................25
2. Purchase ledger control account............................................................................................26
b. Describing control account....................................................................................................26
CLIENT 6......................................................................................................................................26
a. Describing suspense account and its main features...............................................................26
b. Drafting trial balance by using control account as a balancing figure..................................27
c. Preparing Journal entries for showing necessary corrections and clearing suspense account
...................................................................................................................................................28
d. Differentiating clearing and suspense account......................................................................29
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................29
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................30
a..................................................................................................................................................25
1. Sales ledger control account..................................................................................................25
2. Purchase ledger control account............................................................................................26
b. Describing control account....................................................................................................26
CLIENT 6......................................................................................................................................26
a. Describing suspense account and its main features...............................................................26
b. Drafting trial balance by using control account as a balancing figure..................................27
c. Preparing Journal entries for showing necessary corrections and clearing suspense account
...................................................................................................................................................28
d. Differentiating clearing and suspense account......................................................................29
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................29
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................30
INTRODUCTION
Financial accounting field of finance lays high level of emphasis on preparing and
presenting annual reports at the end of accounting year. With the motive to assess business
performance and providing stakeholders with suitable information for decision making
companies undertake financial accounting practices. The present report is based on different case
scenario which in turn provides deeper insight about accounting conventions and principles.
Besides this, report will shed light on the manner in which journal, edger and trial balance helps
in preparing financial statements. Further, it also depicts how bank reconciliation statement helps
in matching records of cash and pass book. In this, concept related to depreciation, suspense and
control account will also be described.
1. Financial accounting
It is a specialise branch of accounting it keeps the company financial records by using
standardised guidelines. All the transactions are recorded, summarized and presented in a
financial statement. Financial accounting represent only just one sector and it provide financial
information to the company. The financial statements consider as external because it is given to
the shareholders, and primary recipients they outsider of the company. Financial accounting
main purpose is to provide enough information which is related to financial statements. Financial
accounting is governed by local and international accounting standards. Financial accounting is
not limited to recording, classifying and summarizing the information which is related to
business transactions (Jannard, 2017). This accounting generates three financial statements
which gives the required information these are balance sheet, income statements and cash flow
statements.
For investors, they look the business history for taking a decision to investing in a
company. So the financial accounting should be relevant, reliable, comparable and it should be
consistent. Accounting information to be useful for the user for decision making purpose so it
must be relevant. End users need most recent data to make a decision in favour. If the company
does not produce reliable financial data , so the investor are unable to gain accurate data. The
financial statement must be comparable, if the data should be comparable the investors are able
to make judgement (Schroeder, Clark and Cathey, 2016). Financial accounting is very useful for
a company report so its easy to understand and comparable and credible.
Financial accounting field of finance lays high level of emphasis on preparing and
presenting annual reports at the end of accounting year. With the motive to assess business
performance and providing stakeholders with suitable information for decision making
companies undertake financial accounting practices. The present report is based on different case
scenario which in turn provides deeper insight about accounting conventions and principles.
Besides this, report will shed light on the manner in which journal, edger and trial balance helps
in preparing financial statements. Further, it also depicts how bank reconciliation statement helps
in matching records of cash and pass book. In this, concept related to depreciation, suspense and
control account will also be described.
1. Financial accounting
It is a specialise branch of accounting it keeps the company financial records by using
standardised guidelines. All the transactions are recorded, summarized and presented in a
financial statement. Financial accounting represent only just one sector and it provide financial
information to the company. The financial statements consider as external because it is given to
the shareholders, and primary recipients they outsider of the company. Financial accounting
main purpose is to provide enough information which is related to financial statements. Financial
accounting is governed by local and international accounting standards. Financial accounting is
not limited to recording, classifying and summarizing the information which is related to
business transactions (Jannard, 2017). This accounting generates three financial statements
which gives the required information these are balance sheet, income statements and cash flow
statements.
For investors, they look the business history for taking a decision to investing in a
company. So the financial accounting should be relevant, reliable, comparable and it should be
consistent. Accounting information to be useful for the user for decision making purpose so it
must be relevant. End users need most recent data to make a decision in favour. If the company
does not produce reliable financial data , so the investor are unable to gain accurate data. The
financial statement must be comparable, if the data should be comparable the investors are able
to make judgement (Schroeder, Clark and Cathey, 2016). Financial accounting is very useful for
a company report so its easy to understand and comparable and credible.
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2. Regulations relating financial accounting
The international accounting standard board (IASB) stated that the main objective of
financial accounting is to give or provide the financial information to their existing and
potential investors and other creditors in making decision regarding to investment in the
company. Financial accounting is the process of identifying , measuring and to communicating .
International financial reporting standards (IFRS) it is issued bye IASB and it becomes more
widely spread . In regulatory frame work for the preparation of financial statement is necessary
there are some reasons, these are: the needs of the users of financial statements are meet with
basic needed information (Macve, 2015). All the information which is provided to outsider is
relevant and comparable which in turn helps in increasing users confidence as well as regulating
the behaviour of the company. Financial statements allow the organisation to communicate the
information about their performance. Financial reports provide summarized information about
organisation transactions for external investors.
The Companies Act 2006 is the main frame which the companies and accountant have to
follow. Accounting standards are authoritative statements detailing how particular type of
transaction should be recorded in financial statements and accordingly with accounting standards
will normally give the necessary or fair view of the report. The main and initial purpose of
creating accounting standards was to define proper accounting practice with in a legal framework
in this guideline give by accounting standard.
3. Accounting rules and principles
A number of accounting principles have been developed for usages these are:
Accrual principle: this is the concept of accounting that should be recorded in the accounting
periods when the actually occur. This is important for the construction of financial statements
that show the actually happened in accounting period.
 Consistency principle: This concept stated that once a company can adopt an accounting
principle every time they should use this concept. If they not to follow the principle that
means the business continuously jump between the different accounting treatments.
 Cost principle: in this concept business should only records its assets , liabilities and
equity at original purchase cost . This concept is less valid.
 Economic entity principles: This is the concepts in which the transaction of a business
should keep separately . The accountants keeps all the business transactions of a sole
The international accounting standard board (IASB) stated that the main objective of
financial accounting is to give or provide the financial information to their existing and
potential investors and other creditors in making decision regarding to investment in the
company. Financial accounting is the process of identifying , measuring and to communicating .
International financial reporting standards (IFRS) it is issued bye IASB and it becomes more
widely spread . In regulatory frame work for the preparation of financial statement is necessary
there are some reasons, these are: the needs of the users of financial statements are meet with
basic needed information (Macve, 2015). All the information which is provided to outsider is
relevant and comparable which in turn helps in increasing users confidence as well as regulating
the behaviour of the company. Financial statements allow the organisation to communicate the
information about their performance. Financial reports provide summarized information about
organisation transactions for external investors.
The Companies Act 2006 is the main frame which the companies and accountant have to
follow. Accounting standards are authoritative statements detailing how particular type of
transaction should be recorded in financial statements and accordingly with accounting standards
will normally give the necessary or fair view of the report. The main and initial purpose of
creating accounting standards was to define proper accounting practice with in a legal framework
in this guideline give by accounting standard.
3. Accounting rules and principles
A number of accounting principles have been developed for usages these are:
Accrual principle: this is the concept of accounting that should be recorded in the accounting
periods when the actually occur. This is important for the construction of financial statements
that show the actually happened in accounting period.
 Consistency principle: This concept stated that once a company can adopt an accounting
principle every time they should use this concept. If they not to follow the principle that
means the business continuously jump between the different accounting treatments.
 Cost principle: in this concept business should only records its assets , liabilities and
equity at original purchase cost . This concept is less valid.
 Economic entity principles: This is the concepts in which the transaction of a business
should keep separately . The accountants keeps all the business transactions of a sole
proprietorship. For legal purpose sole proprietorship and its owner consider to be one
entity.
 Full disclosure principle: in this concept financial statements of a business all the
information Jan impact on reader understanding of those financial investments.
 Going concern principle: this concept is used by the business that would be justified in
deferring the recognition of some expenses like depreciation.
 Matching principle: in this concept when the company record revenue then they record
all the related expenses at the time (Basic accounting principles, 2018).
 Materiality principle: in this concept record all the transaction which is not doing so it Jan
change the decision making process .This is the quite difficult concept.
 Monetary unit principle: in this concept that a business should only record those
transaction which is done in unit of currency.
 Reliability concept: In this concept only those transaction should be recorded which is
proven or have an evidence.
 Revenue recognition Principle: in this concept it only recognize revenue when business
completed the earning process (Robson, Young and Power, 2017). Time period principle: in this concept a business should report the results of its operation.
It should be create a standard to set comparable periods.
4. The conventions and the concepts relating to consistency and material
The convention concept states that it requires transactions to be recorded at the price , and at time
and for assets to be valued at the original cost. If there is a possibility of loss so the account taken
into earliest.
Consistency is the transactions and valuation of methods that are treated year to year
similarly. The person who will evaluate the financial statements so it makes more meaningful
comparison of financial performance, in this all the practices should be unchanged from one
period to another (Narayanaswamy, 2017). Consistency doesn't mean inflexibility some time
internal policies should be changed. If changes become necessary the change and its effect
should be clear.
Materiality is an important convention, in this all the transaction should be recorded in
statements is appropriate and materialistic and it is useful for auditors. In this only those events
or items recorded which is significant for financial statements and insignificant things should be
entity.
 Full disclosure principle: in this concept financial statements of a business all the
information Jan impact on reader understanding of those financial investments.
 Going concern principle: this concept is used by the business that would be justified in
deferring the recognition of some expenses like depreciation.
 Matching principle: in this concept when the company record revenue then they record
all the related expenses at the time (Basic accounting principles, 2018).
 Materiality principle: in this concept record all the transaction which is not doing so it Jan
change the decision making process .This is the quite difficult concept.
 Monetary unit principle: in this concept that a business should only record those
transaction which is done in unit of currency.
 Reliability concept: In this concept only those transaction should be recorded which is
proven or have an evidence.
 Revenue recognition Principle: in this concept it only recognize revenue when business
completed the earning process (Robson, Young and Power, 2017). Time period principle: in this concept a business should report the results of its operation.
It should be create a standard to set comparable periods.
4. The conventions and the concepts relating to consistency and material
The convention concept states that it requires transactions to be recorded at the price , and at time
and for assets to be valued at the original cost. If there is a possibility of loss so the account taken
into earliest.
Consistency is the transactions and valuation of methods that are treated year to year
similarly. The person who will evaluate the financial statements so it makes more meaningful
comparison of financial performance, in this all the practices should be unchanged from one
period to another (Narayanaswamy, 2017). Consistency doesn't mean inflexibility some time
internal policies should be changed. If changes become necessary the change and its effect
should be clear.
Materiality is an important convention, in this all the transaction should be recorded in
statements is appropriate and materialistic and it is useful for auditors. In this only those events
or items recorded which is significant for financial statements and insignificant things should be
avoided, otherwise accounting unnecessarily over burden. And it doesn't give the accurate results
to the investors.
CLIENT 1
a. Doing entries in the journal of Alex Study’s
Journal entries in the book of Alexandra for the month of January 2018 are enumerated
below:
to the investors.
CLIENT 1
a. Doing entries in the journal of Alex Study’s
Journal entries in the book of Alexandra for the month of January 2018 are enumerated
below:
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b. Presenting ledger accounts in relation to the transactions of Alex
Ledgers pertaining to the month of January 2018 are as follows:
Real ledgers
PREMISES ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 340000 Jan-31 balance c/f 340000
340000 340000
Feb-01 BALANCE B/d 340000
MOTOR VAN ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 51250 Jan-18 balance c/f 79750
Jan-14 abel motors ltd 28500
79750 79750
Feb-01 BALANCE B/d 79750
Ledgers pertaining to the month of January 2018 are as follows:
Real ledgers
PREMISES ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 340000 Jan-31 balance c/f 340000
340000 340000
Feb-01 BALANCE B/d 340000
MOTOR VAN ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 51250 Jan-18 balance c/f 79750
Jan-14 abel motors ltd 28500
79750 79750
Feb-01 BALANCE B/d 79750
FIXTURES AND FITTINGS ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 8100 Jan-31 balance c/f 8100
8100 8100
Feb-01 BALANCE B/d 8100
Nominal ledgers
SALES ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 10930 Jan-31 sales day book 10930
10930 10930
Feb-01 balance b/d 10930
PURCHASES ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 Purchases day book 9820 Jan-31 balance c/f 9820
9820 9820
Feb-01 balance b/d 9820
SALES RETURNS ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 Sales returns day book 680 Jan-31 balance c/f 680
680 680
Feb-01 balance b/d 680
PURCHASES RETURNS ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 50 Jan-31 purchases returns day book 50
50 50
Feb-01 balance b/d 50
STORAGE COSTS ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 8100 Jan-31 balance c/f 8100
8100 8100
Feb-01 BALANCE B/d 8100
Nominal ledgers
SALES ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 10930 Jan-31 sales day book 10930
10930 10930
Feb-01 balance b/d 10930
PURCHASES ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 Purchases day book 9820 Jan-31 balance c/f 9820
9820 9820
Feb-01 balance b/d 9820
SALES RETURNS ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 Sales returns day book 680 Jan-31 balance c/f 680
680 680
Feb-01 balance b/d 680
PURCHASES RETURNS ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 50 Jan-31 purchases returns day book 50
50 50
Feb-01 balance b/d 50
STORAGE COSTS ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-01 cash book 400 Jan-31 balance c/f 400
400 400
Feb-01 balance b/d 400
MOTOR EXPENSES ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-04 cash book 470 Jan-31 balance c/f 470
470 470
Feb-01 balance b/d 470
DRAWINGS ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-07 cash book 1500 Jan-31 balance c/f 1500
1500 1500
Feb-01 balance b/d 1500
DISCOUNT ALLOWED ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 cash book 352 Jan-31 balance c/f 352
352 352
Feb-01 balance b/d 352
DISCOUNT RECEIVED ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 960 Jan-31 cash book 960
960 960
Feb-01 balance b/d 960
SALARIES ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-27 cash book 4800 Jan-31 balance c/f 4800
4800 4800
Feb-01 balance b/d 4800
BUSINESS RATES ACCOUNT
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-01 cash book 400 Jan-31 balance c/f 400
400 400
Feb-01 balance b/d 400
MOTOR EXPENSES ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-04 cash book 470 Jan-31 balance c/f 470
470 470
Feb-01 balance b/d 470
DRAWINGS ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-07 cash book 1500 Jan-31 balance c/f 1500
1500 1500
Feb-01 balance b/d 1500
DISCOUNT ALLOWED ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 cash book 352 Jan-31 balance c/f 352
352 352
Feb-01 balance b/d 352
DISCOUNT RECEIVED ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 960 Jan-31 cash book 960
960 960
Feb-01 balance b/d 960
SALARIES ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-27 cash book 4800 Jan-31 balance c/f 4800
4800 4800
Feb-01 balance b/d 4800
BUSINESS RATES ACCOUNT
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DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-30 cash book 1320 Jan-31 balance c/f 1320
1320 1320
Feb-01 balance b/d 1320
CAPITAL ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 529000 Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 529000
529000 529000
Feb-01 balance b/d 529000
Day Books
Purchase day book
DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-02 s hood 1450
d main 2060
w tone 960
r foot 1610
Jan-22 L mole 1830
W wright 1910
DR PURCHASES A/C 9820
PURCHASES RETURNS DAY BOOK
DATE
2018 DETAILS £
Jan
Jan-19 r foot 50
CR PURCHASES
RETURNS A/C 50
Sales DAY BOOK
DATE
2018 DETAILS £
Jan-03 j wilson 1120
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-30 cash book 1320 Jan-31 balance c/f 1320
1320 1320
Feb-01 balance b/d 1320
CAPITAL ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 529000 Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 529000
529000 529000
Feb-01 balance b/d 529000
Day Books
Purchase day book
DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-02 s hood 1450
d main 2060
w tone 960
r foot 1610
Jan-22 L mole 1830
W wright 1910
DR PURCHASES A/C 9820
PURCHASES RETURNS DAY BOOK
DATE
2018 DETAILS £
Jan
Jan-19 r foot 50
CR PURCHASES
RETURNS A/C 50
Sales DAY BOOK
DATE
2018 DETAILS £
Jan-03 j wilson 1120
t cole 1640
f syme 2080
j allen 910
p white 2420
f lane 770
Jan-09 T cole 680
j fox 1310
CR SALES A/C 10930
Sales RETURNS DAY BOOK
DATE
2018 DETAILS £
Jan
Jan-11 j wilson 270
f syme 410
DR SALES RETURNS A/C 680
Cash book
Cash Book
DAT
E
2018
receipts
discoun
t
allowed
cas
h bank
DAT
E
2017
Payments
discoun
t
Receive
d
cas
h bank
Jan £ £ £ JAN £ £ £
Jan-
01
BALANCE
B/d
560
0
6240
0
Jan-
01 storage costs 400
Jan-
16 P mullen 70 1330 Jan-
04
motor
expenses 470
F lane 155 2945 Jan-
07 drawings 150
0
J wilson 43 807 Jan-
24 s hood 360 3240
F syme 84 1586 j brown 460 4140
r foot 140 1260
Jan-
27 Salaries 4800
Jan-
30 Business rates 1320
Jan-
31
Abel motors
ltd
2050
0
0 Jan-
31
BALANCE
C/f
363
0
3340
8
f syme 2080
j allen 910
p white 2420
f lane 770
Jan-09 T cole 680
j fox 1310
CR SALES A/C 10930
Sales RETURNS DAY BOOK
DATE
2018 DETAILS £
Jan
Jan-11 j wilson 270
f syme 410
DR SALES RETURNS A/C 680
Cash book
Cash Book
DAT
E
2018
receipts
discoun
t
allowed
cas
h bank
DAT
E
2017
Payments
discoun
t
Receive
d
cas
h bank
Jan £ £ £ JAN £ £ £
Jan-
01
BALANCE
B/d
560
0
6240
0
Jan-
01 storage costs 400
Jan-
16 P mullen 70 1330 Jan-
04
motor
expenses 470
F lane 155 2945 Jan-
07 drawings 150
0
J wilson 43 807 Jan-
24 s hood 360 3240
F syme 84 1586 j brown 460 4140
r foot 140 1260
Jan-
27 Salaries 4800
Jan-
30 Business rates 1320
Jan-
31
Abel motors
ltd
2050
0
0 Jan-
31
BALANCE
C/f
363
0
3340
8
352 560
0
6906
8 960 560
0
6906
8
Feb-
01
BALANCE
B/d
363
0
3340
8
Purchase ledgers
S HOOD ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-24 cash book 3240 Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 2150
Jan-24 discount
RECEIVED 360 Jan-02 Purchases day book 1450
3600 3600
closed
J BROWN ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-24 cash book 4140 Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 4600
Jan-24 discount
RECEIVED 460
4600 4600
closed
D MAIN ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 2060 Jan-02 Purchases day book 2060
2060 2060
Feb-01 balance b/d 2060
W TONE ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 960 Jan-02 Purchases day book 960
960 960
Feb-01 balance b/d 960
R FOOT ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
0
6906
8 960 560
0
6906
8
Feb-
01
BALANCE
B/d
363
0
3340
8
Purchase ledgers
S HOOD ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-24 cash book 3240 Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 2150
Jan-24 discount
RECEIVED 360 Jan-02 Purchases day book 1450
3600 3600
closed
J BROWN ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-24 cash book 4140 Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 4600
Jan-24 discount
RECEIVED 460
4600 4600
closed
D MAIN ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 2060 Jan-02 Purchases day book 2060
2060 2060
Feb-01 balance b/d 2060
W TONE ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 960 Jan-02 Purchases day book 960
960 960
Feb-01 balance b/d 960
R FOOT ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
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Jan-19 Purchases returns 50 Jan-02 Purchases day book 1610
Jan-24 cash book 1260
Jan-24 discount
RECEIVED 140
Jan-31 balance c/f 160
1610 1610
Feb-01 balance b/d 160
ABEL MOTORS LTD ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 cash book 20500 Jan-14 Motor van 28500
Jan-31 balance c/f 8000
28500 28500
Feb-01 balance b/d 8000
L MOLE ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 1830 Jan-22 Purchases day book 1830
1830 1830
Feb-01 balance b/d 1830
W WRIGHT ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 1910 Jan-22 Purchases day book 1910
1910 1910
Feb-01 balance b/d 1910
Sales ledger
P MULLEN ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 1400 Jan-16 cash book 1330
Jan-16 discount received 70
1400 1400
closed
F LANE ACCOUNT
Jan-24 cash book 1260
Jan-24 discount
RECEIVED 140
Jan-31 balance c/f 160
1610 1610
Feb-01 balance b/d 160
ABEL MOTORS LTD ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 cash book 20500 Jan-14 Motor van 28500
Jan-31 balance c/f 8000
28500 28500
Feb-01 balance b/d 8000
L MOLE ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 1830 Jan-22 Purchases day book 1830
1830 1830
Feb-01 balance b/d 1830
W WRIGHT ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-31 balance c/f 1910 Jan-22 Purchases day book 1910
1910 1910
Feb-01 balance b/d 1910
Sales ledger
P MULLEN ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 1400 Jan-16 cash book 1330
Jan-16 discount received 70
1400 1400
closed
F LANE ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 3100 Jan-16 cash book 2945
Jan-03 sales 770 Jan-16 discount received 155
Jan-31 balance c/f 770
3870 3870
Feb-01 BALANCE B/d 770
J WILSON ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-03 sales 1120 Jan-11 sales returns 270
Jan-16 cash book 807
Jan-16 discount received 43
1120 1120
closed
T COLE ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-03 sales 1640 Jan-31 balance c/f 2320
Jan-09 sales 680
2320 2320
Feb-01 balance b/d 2320
F SYME ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-03 sales 2080 Jan-11 sales returns 410
Jan-16 cash book 1586
Jan-16 discount received 84
2080 2080
close
J ALLEN ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-03 sales 910 Jan-31 balance c/f 910
910 910
Feb-01 balance b/d 910
P WHITE ACCOUNT
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-01 BALANCE B/d 3100 Jan-16 cash book 2945
Jan-03 sales 770 Jan-16 discount received 155
Jan-31 balance c/f 770
3870 3870
Feb-01 BALANCE B/d 770
J WILSON ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-03 sales 1120 Jan-11 sales returns 270
Jan-16 cash book 807
Jan-16 discount received 43
1120 1120
closed
T COLE ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-03 sales 1640 Jan-31 balance c/f 2320
Jan-09 sales 680
2320 2320
Feb-01 balance b/d 2320
F SYME ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-03 sales 2080 Jan-11 sales returns 410
Jan-16 cash book 1586
Jan-16 discount received 84
2080 2080
close
J ALLEN ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-03 sales 910 Jan-31 balance c/f 910
910 910
Feb-01 balance b/d 910
P WHITE ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-03 sales 2420 Jan-31 balance c/f 2420
2420 2420
Feb-01 balance b/d 2420
J FOX ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-09 sales 1310 Jan-31 balance c/f 1310
1310 1310
Feb-01 balance b/d 1310
JOURNAL ENTRIES
ASSETS debit £ credit £
premises 340000
VAN 51250
FIXTURES 8100
INVESTMENTS 63900
RECEIVABLES:
P MULLEN 1400
F LANE 3100
CASH AT BANK 62400
CASH IN HAND 5600
LIABILITIES
PAYABLES
S HOOD 2150
J BROWN 4600
CAPITAL( (balancing figure) 529000
535750 535750
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-03 sales 2420 Jan-31 balance c/f 2420
2420 2420
Feb-01 balance b/d 2420
J FOX ACCOUNT
DATE
2017 DETAILS £ DATE
2017 DETAILS £
Jan-09 sales 1310 Jan-31 balance c/f 1310
1310 1310
Feb-01 balance b/d 1310
JOURNAL ENTRIES
ASSETS debit £ credit £
premises 340000
VAN 51250
FIXTURES 8100
INVESTMENTS 63900
RECEIVABLES:
P MULLEN 1400
F LANE 3100
CASH AT BANK 62400
CASH IN HAND 5600
LIABILITIES
PAYABLES
S HOOD 2150
J BROWN 4600
CAPITAL( (balancing figure) 529000
535750 535750
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c. Preparation of trial balance
CLIENT 2
a. Preparing profitability statement
Peter Piper's income statement for the year ended on 31st December 2017
CLIENT 2
a. Preparing profitability statement
Peter Piper's income statement for the year ended on 31st December 2017
b. Statement of financial position
CLIENT 3
a. Preparing profitability statement of Raintree Ltd
Income statement of Raintree’s Ltd for 30th December 2017 is as follows
CLIENT 3
a. Preparing profitability statement of Raintree Ltd
Income statement of Raintree’s Ltd for 30th December 2017 is as follows
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b. Drafting balance sheet of Raintree Ltd
Balance sheet of Raintree’s Ltd for 30th December 2017 is as follows
Balance sheet of Raintree’s Ltd for 30th December 2017 is as follows
c. Defining prudence and consistency concept of accounting
There are several types of accounting concepts and principles which can be used by
business unit at the time of financial statements preparation. Hence, the main feature of prudence
and consistency concepts are enumerated below:
Consistency concept: This principle or concept entails that firm should follow similar kind
of method in each accounting year. Consistency principle enables both firm and its stakeholders
in doing comparing of performance over the years. On the basis of such concept business unit
should change method only when the new version of accounting principle helps in enhancing
effectiveness and results of financial reporting (The Consistency Principle, 2018).
Prudence concept: In accordance with such accounting concept, firm should not either
overestimate income or underestimate expenses. On the basis of this, business unit needs to be
conservative while recording the amount of assets and do not underestimate liabilities.
There are several types of accounting concepts and principles which can be used by
business unit at the time of financial statements preparation. Hence, the main feature of prudence
and consistency concepts are enumerated below:
Consistency concept: This principle or concept entails that firm should follow similar kind
of method in each accounting year. Consistency principle enables both firm and its stakeholders
in doing comparing of performance over the years. On the basis of such concept business unit
should change method only when the new version of accounting principle helps in enhancing
effectiveness and results of financial reporting (The Consistency Principle, 2018).
Prudence concept: In accordance with such accounting concept, firm should not either
overestimate income or underestimate expenses. On the basis of this, business unit needs to be
conservative while recording the amount of assets and do not underestimate liabilities.
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d. Evaluating depreciation methods
Depreciation method implies for the reduction in the cost of fixed assets over the time
frame. In other words, depreciation is charged by the business unit on fixed assets in an
systematic manner until the value becomes zero and negligible (Schroeder, Clark and Cathey,
2016). Hence, there are mainly two methods which can be used by the business entity or an
accountant for assessing depreciation:
Straight line method: On the basis of this, value of depreciation and amortization is
calculated by dividing difference which takes place between assets cost and salvage value by the
expected life (Depreciation method and types, 2018). In accordance with this, similar
depreciation is charged on fixed assets each year. Easy computation aspect is considered as the
main benefits which in turn associated with straight line method. However, on the critical note, it
can be stated that such technique is not helpful in lowering the level of taxation. By using the
following formula depreciation value can be calculated such as:
Value of depreciation: Cost – scrap value / assets life
For instance: In the context of ABC Ltd following information are available related to
machinery then amount of depreciation will be:
Particulars Figures (in £)
Cost of machinery 50000
Scrap value 10000
Life of machinery 10
Depreciation (50000 – 10000) / 10
= £4000
On the basis of above table, during the period of 10 years depreciation of £4000 will be
charged on machinery.
Diminishing / written down value method: Such accounting technique reduces assets value
on the basis of set percentage each year. In other words, under this, depreciation is charged on
the remaining value of asset considering specific percentage (Hang and et.al., 2016).
For example: Company has invested £50000 in machinery with the life of 5 years then
depreciation will be @ 10%:
Year Cost of machinery (in Depreciation (in £) Net value of machinery (in
Depreciation method implies for the reduction in the cost of fixed assets over the time
frame. In other words, depreciation is charged by the business unit on fixed assets in an
systematic manner until the value becomes zero and negligible (Schroeder, Clark and Cathey,
2016). Hence, there are mainly two methods which can be used by the business entity or an
accountant for assessing depreciation:
Straight line method: On the basis of this, value of depreciation and amortization is
calculated by dividing difference which takes place between assets cost and salvage value by the
expected life (Depreciation method and types, 2018). In accordance with this, similar
depreciation is charged on fixed assets each year. Easy computation aspect is considered as the
main benefits which in turn associated with straight line method. However, on the critical note, it
can be stated that such technique is not helpful in lowering the level of taxation. By using the
following formula depreciation value can be calculated such as:
Value of depreciation: Cost – scrap value / assets life
For instance: In the context of ABC Ltd following information are available related to
machinery then amount of depreciation will be:
Particulars Figures (in £)
Cost of machinery 50000
Scrap value 10000
Life of machinery 10
Depreciation (50000 – 10000) / 10
= £4000
On the basis of above table, during the period of 10 years depreciation of £4000 will be
charged on machinery.
Diminishing / written down value method: Such accounting technique reduces assets value
on the basis of set percentage each year. In other words, under this, depreciation is charged on
the remaining value of asset considering specific percentage (Hang and et.al., 2016).
For example: Company has invested £50000 in machinery with the life of 5 years then
depreciation will be @ 10%:
Year Cost of machinery (in Depreciation (in £) Net value of machinery (in
£) £)
1 50000 5000 45000
2 45000 4500 40500
3 40500 4050 36450
4 36450 3645 32805
5 32805 3280.5 29524.5
Referring overall assessment, it can be depicted that WDV method of charging depreciation
is highly effectual over-straight line. Moreover, each asset has some residual value rather than
NIL. Further, IASB and IFRS also support diminishing value method in comparison to others.
CLIENT 4
a. Explaining the purpose of preparing bank reconciliation statement in the context of Kendal Ltd
Bank reconciliation statement assists in avoiding deficiencies which take place in the
record of cash and pass book. Given case scenario presents that Kendal Ltd requires information
about the need of preparing monthly BRS. The main purpose of preparing bank reconciliation
statement in the context of business organization is as follow:
 Helps in getting information about actual cash position: By preparing BRS on monthly
basis Kendal Ltd would become able to get appropriate information about bank balance and
cash position. Through undertaking this, company can monitor cash balance and become
able to avoid cash differences (Schipper, Francis and Weil, 2017).
 Facilitates assessment of undesirable activities: BRS helps company in identifying
unexpected or fraudulent activities which take place within business units. Using BRS
owner of Kendal Ltd can assess cheques that were altered. In addition to this, company can
also get information about the customers whose cheques have bounced due to not having
sufficient balances in the account. Hence, by preparing BRS manager of Kendal ltd can
match current bank and cash records. Further, BRS also helps in taking strict action in
against to the client whose cheques are bounced.
b. Listing and explaining causes due to which cash records vary from bank accounts
There are some specific causes due to which variations take place in the cash and bank
records such as:
1 50000 5000 45000
2 45000 4500 40500
3 40500 4050 36450
4 36450 3645 32805
5 32805 3280.5 29524.5
Referring overall assessment, it can be depicted that WDV method of charging depreciation
is highly effectual over-straight line. Moreover, each asset has some residual value rather than
NIL. Further, IASB and IFRS also support diminishing value method in comparison to others.
CLIENT 4
a. Explaining the purpose of preparing bank reconciliation statement in the context of Kendal Ltd
Bank reconciliation statement assists in avoiding deficiencies which take place in the
record of cash and pass book. Given case scenario presents that Kendal Ltd requires information
about the need of preparing monthly BRS. The main purpose of preparing bank reconciliation
statement in the context of business organization is as follow:
 Helps in getting information about actual cash position: By preparing BRS on monthly
basis Kendal Ltd would become able to get appropriate information about bank balance and
cash position. Through undertaking this, company can monitor cash balance and become
able to avoid cash differences (Schipper, Francis and Weil, 2017).
 Facilitates assessment of undesirable activities: BRS helps company in identifying
unexpected or fraudulent activities which take place within business units. Using BRS
owner of Kendal Ltd can assess cheques that were altered. In addition to this, company can
also get information about the customers whose cheques have bounced due to not having
sufficient balances in the account. Hence, by preparing BRS manager of Kendal ltd can
match current bank and cash records. Further, BRS also helps in taking strict action in
against to the client whose cheques are bounced.
b. Listing and explaining causes due to which cash records vary from bank accounts
There are some specific causes due to which variations take place in the cash and bank
records such as:
 Bank charges annual fees in against to the specific offered by it and deduct the same from
account. Hence, due to not having information about the same no adjustment are done in
cash book. Thus, it is the main aspect or reason behind the existence of deviation in bank
and cash record.
 Cheque deposited by the debtor or client directly into bank without informing to Kendal
Ltd
 Dishonour of cheque given by the client
c.
1. Preparing a bank reconciliation statement
2. Drafting updated cash book of Kendal Ltd for December 2017
Updated cash book
Date Receipts Figures (in
£)
Date Payments Figures (in
£)
31st December
2017
To Balance b/d 19973 31st
December
2017
1
Adjustment of
error
9 Bank
charges
47
Standing
order
137
Direct debit 297
Balance c/d 19500
19982 19982
account. Hence, due to not having information about the same no adjustment are done in
cash book. Thus, it is the main aspect or reason behind the existence of deviation in bank
and cash record.
 Cheque deposited by the debtor or client directly into bank without informing to Kendal
Ltd
 Dishonour of cheque given by the client
c.
1. Preparing a bank reconciliation statement
2. Drafting updated cash book of Kendal Ltd for December 2017
Updated cash book
Date Receipts Figures (in
£)
Date Payments Figures (in
£)
31st December
2017
To Balance b/d 19973 31st
December
2017
1
Adjustment of
error
9 Bank
charges
47
Standing
order
137
Direct debit 297
Balance c/d 19500
19982 19982
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1st January
2018
To Balance b/d 19500
3. Presenting bank reconciliation statement as at 31st December 2017
2018
To Balance b/d 19500
3. Presenting bank reconciliation statement as at 31st December 2017
CLIENT 5
a.
1. Sales ledger control account
a.
1. Sales ledger control account
2. Purchase ledger control account
b. Describing control account
Companies prepare or create such account with the motive to monitor the balances of
subsidiary ledger accounts such as trade receivables and payables. Hence, through preparing
control account appropriateness of subsidiary ledgers can be measured prominently (Purpose of
control account, 2018).
CLIENT 6
a. Describing suspense account and its main features
Suspense account: It is prepared by the firm for making adjustment of unknown debit or
credit variation occurs under trial balance (Suspense account, 2018).
Suspense account’s features
b. Describing control account
Companies prepare or create such account with the motive to monitor the balances of
subsidiary ledger accounts such as trade receivables and payables. Hence, through preparing
control account appropriateness of subsidiary ledgers can be measured prominently (Purpose of
control account, 2018).
CLIENT 6
a. Describing suspense account and its main features
Suspense account: It is prepared by the firm for making adjustment of unknown debit or
credit variation occurs under trial balance (Suspense account, 2018).
Suspense account’s features
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 Suspense account is the one that organization creates for matching the balances of debit
and credit side.
 Helps in preparing financial statements without any difficulty
b. Drafting trial balance by using control account as a balancing figure
and credit side.
 Helps in preparing financial statements without any difficulty
b. Drafting trial balance by using control account as a balancing figure
c. Preparing Journal entries for showing necessary corrections and clearing suspense account
d. Differentiating clearing and suspense account
Difference between suspense and clearing accounting can be presented in the following
manner:
Basis of difference Suspense account Clearing account
Objective It is prepared for adjusting
differences take place in trial
balance pertaining to the sum
of debit and credit side
(Iatridis, 2016).
The main objective behind the
preparation of control account
is to place amount in the
respective account.
Error Suspense account reflect
probable errors
Helps in avoiding errors in
final accounts.
CONCLUSION
By summing up this report, it has been articulated that trial balance is the main sources
which help in drafting financial statements. Besides this, it can be stated that accounting
conventions and principles helps in recording transactions appropriately. Further, it has been
articulated that business unit should present all the relevant information in the annual report
which in turn has impact on stakeholder’s decision making. Besides this, it can be inferred that
by preparing bank reconciliation statement Kendal Ltd can match both cash and bank records. It
can be summarized from the report that company should follow IFRS and IASB rules while
preparing annual reports. Further, it can be depicted from the evaluation that suspense account
helps in matching the balances of trial balance and thereby helps in preparing financial
statements.
Difference between suspense and clearing accounting can be presented in the following
manner:
Basis of difference Suspense account Clearing account
Objective It is prepared for adjusting
differences take place in trial
balance pertaining to the sum
of debit and credit side
(Iatridis, 2016).
The main objective behind the
preparation of control account
is to place amount in the
respective account.
Error Suspense account reflect
probable errors
Helps in avoiding errors in
final accounts.
CONCLUSION
By summing up this report, it has been articulated that trial balance is the main sources
which help in drafting financial statements. Besides this, it can be stated that accounting
conventions and principles helps in recording transactions appropriately. Further, it has been
articulated that business unit should present all the relevant information in the annual report
which in turn has impact on stakeholder’s decision making. Besides this, it can be inferred that
by preparing bank reconciliation statement Kendal Ltd can match both cash and bank records. It
can be summarized from the report that company should follow IFRS and IASB rules while
preparing annual reports. Further, it can be depicted from the evaluation that suspense account
helps in matching the balances of trial balance and thereby helps in preparing financial
statements.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Hang, D. and et.al., 2016. Is Vehicle Depreciation a Component of Marginal Travel Cost?: A
Literature Review and Empirical Analysis. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy
(JTEP). 50(2). pp.132-150.
Iatridis, G. E., 2016. Financial reporting language in financial statements: Does pessimism
restrict the potential for managerial opportunism?. International Review of Financial
Analysis. 45. pp.1-17.
Macve, R., 2015. A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting: Vision,
Tool, Or Threat?. Routledge.
Jannard, J., 2017. Financial accounting, reporting, and analysis. Oxford University Press.
Narayanaswamy, R., 2017. Financial accounting: a managerial perspective. PHI Learning Pvt.
Ltd.
Robson, K., Young, J. and Power, M., 2017. Themed section on financial accounting as social
and organizational practice: exploring the work of financial reporting. Accounting,
Organizations and Society. 56. pp.35-37.
Schipper, K., Francis, J. and Weil, R., 2017. Financial Accounting: Introduction to Concepts,
Methods and Uses. Cengage Learning.
Schroeder, R. G., Clark, M. W. and Cathey, J. M., 2016. Financial Accounting Theory and
Analysis: Text and Cases: Text and Cases. Wiley Global Education.
Online
Basic accounting principles. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/2017/5/15/basic-accounting-principles>.
Depreciation method and types. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.profitbooks.net/what-is-depreciation/>.
Purpose of control account. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/accounts-receivable-control-account-subsidiary-
ledger>.
Suspense account. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/suspense-account>.
Books and Journals
Hang, D. and et.al., 2016. Is Vehicle Depreciation a Component of Marginal Travel Cost?: A
Literature Review and Empirical Analysis. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy
(JTEP). 50(2). pp.132-150.
Iatridis, G. E., 2016. Financial reporting language in financial statements: Does pessimism
restrict the potential for managerial opportunism?. International Review of Financial
Analysis. 45. pp.1-17.
Macve, R., 2015. A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting: Vision,
Tool, Or Threat?. Routledge.
Jannard, J., 2017. Financial accounting, reporting, and analysis. Oxford University Press.
Narayanaswamy, R., 2017. Financial accounting: a managerial perspective. PHI Learning Pvt.
Ltd.
Robson, K., Young, J. and Power, M., 2017. Themed section on financial accounting as social
and organizational practice: exploring the work of financial reporting. Accounting,
Organizations and Society. 56. pp.35-37.
Schipper, K., Francis, J. and Weil, R., 2017. Financial Accounting: Introduction to Concepts,
Methods and Uses. Cengage Learning.
Schroeder, R. G., Clark, M. W. and Cathey, J. M., 2016. Financial Accounting Theory and
Analysis: Text and Cases: Text and Cases. Wiley Global Education.
Online
Basic accounting principles. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/2017/5/15/basic-accounting-principles>.
Depreciation method and types. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.profitbooks.net/what-is-depreciation/>.
Purpose of control account. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/accounts-receivable-control-account-subsidiary-
ledger>.
Suspense account. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/suspense-account>.
The Consistency Principle. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/2017/5/15/the-consistency-principle>.
<https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/2017/5/15/the-consistency-principle>.
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