Financial Analysis of B&M and Morrison: Managerial Finance

This report provides a financial analysis of B&M and Morrison, focusing on their performance, financial position, and investment potential. The report also includes recommendations and limitations of relying on financial ratios for interpreting the performance of the company.

Managerial finance

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................3
PORTFOLIO 1.................................................................................................................................3
A. FINANCIAL RATIOS............................................................................................................3
B. Analysis of performance, financial position and investment potential of both companies.....4
C. RECOMMENDATION........................................................................................................11
D. Limitations of ratio analysis..................................................................................................11
PORTFOLIO 2...............................................................................................................................12
A. INVESTMENT APPRAISAL TECHNIQUES FOR ALPHA AND BETA:.......................12
B. LIMITATIONS OF INVESTMENT APPRAISAL TECHNIQUES...................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Managerial finance is the concept that is responsible for taking business decisions that
directly impacts the profits, losses, cash flow as well as revenue generation within the
organisation. The process contributes to the overall growth of the business in a significant
manner. Managerial finance is interested in the external as well as internal importance of the
financial figures of the firm (Akhtar, Thyagaraj and Das, 2017). This present report consists of
two portfolios in which the first portfolio is of financial analysis of two companies, that are,
B&M and Morrison. In this portfolio, financial ratios are going to be calculated along with the
performance analysis of both companies. Recommendations regarding financial performance
will also be taken into consideration. The limitations of relying on financial ratios for
interpreting the performance of company will also be discussed in this portfolio. The next
portfolio consists of capital investment appraisal in which these techniques will be considered to
advise the senior management regarding acceptance of the appropriate project (Al Islami and
Madyan, 2020). In this portfolio, the limitations regarding the use of investment appraisal
techniques in long-term decision making is also going to be explained.
MAIN BODY
PORTFOLIO 1
A. FINANCIAL RATIOS
B&M MORRISON
Ratio Formula 2019 2020 2019 2020
Current ratio Total current assets / Total
current liabilities 1.13:1 1.18:1
0.48:1 0.39:1
Quick ratio Total current assets -
Inventory / Total current
liabilities 0.52:1 0.36:1
0.19:1 0.21:1
Operating profit Operating income/ 8.73% 13.15% 2.97% 1.44%

margin Revenue
Gross profit margin Gross profit/Revenue 33.64% 36.80% 3.59% 2.20%
Return on capital
employed
EBIT/Total assets-Current
liabilities 12.81% 23.42%
5.78% 2.0 5%
Average inventories
turnover period
Average inventory/cost of
goods sold*365 42.41
days
71.83
days
7.12
days
15.63
days
Debtor's days Average debtors/Net credit
sales*365 2.90
days
3.91
days
3.67
days
14.29
days
Creditor's days Average creditors/Net
credit purchases*365 422.79
days
744.56
days
31.75
days
26.42
days
Gearing ratios Total debt / Total equity 3.12% 3.58% 1.40% 1.65%
Earnings per share EPS (Taken from annual
reports) 18.8 85.5 7.94 29.04
B. Analysis of performance, financial position and investment potential of both companies
Current ratio states the relation of current assets as well as current liabilities and is
concerned with the ability of the company to pay short-term obligations within one year. The
ideal ratio of current ratio is 2:1 and at this ratio, it shows that the company is at better position
to pay its obligations (Cabello, Gaio and Watrin, 2019). By calculating current ratio, it has been
analysed that the company B&M has ability to pay its current or short-term liabilities with its
current or short-term assets like cash, inventories and receivables. In context to Morrison, it has
been analysed that the company has lack of current assets in 2020 in comparison to 2019, so it
could not pay the short-term liabilities or expenses that will occur in next year. The company
will take time to recoup the expenses and will find difficulty in meeting the obligation.

Quick ratio expresses the cash as well as bank balance within the company and also states
more liquidity in comparison to current ratio as it estimated by dividing the liquid assets and
current liabilities. The ideal liquid ratio is 1:1 that denotes that the organisation is fully equipped
with enough assets to pay off its current liabilities (Demiroglu, Iskenderoglu and Ozbas, 2019).
In context to liquid ratio, the average amount of B&M is higher than that of Morrison and is
showing that the former company is at better position to pay off its short-term debts as well as
obligations as compared to Morrison.
Operating profit margin measures that how much profit a company makes on a dollar of
sales after paying for variable production costs like wages, raw materials, but before making
payments of interest and tax. Higher the operating profit margin, better the position of the
company as of B&M in comparison to Morrison. Higher operating profit margin of B&M states
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00.511.5 1.13 1.18
0.48 0.39
Current Ratio
B&M Morrisons
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00.20.40.6
0.52
0.36
0.19 0.21
Quick Ratio
B&M Morrisons

that the company has less fixed cost and a better gross margin or increasing sales faster than the
costs that gives management of the company more flexibility in determining the prices. The
company is also indicating that it is earning enough money from its business operations for
paying of the associated costs that are involved in maintaining the business.
Gross profit margin measures the costs the company has incurred in the process of
generating the current revenue/sales. From the analysis, B&M has a higher gross margin in the
two years (33.64% -2019 and 36.80% -2020) which is an indication that the firm generated more
revenue will less cost of sales as compared to Morrison (3.59% -2019 and 2.20% -2020). From
the results extracted from the financial statements, B&M generated more revenue using
minimum operating expenses (36.64% -2019 and 36.80%-2020) as compared to Morrison
(3.59% -2019 and 2.20% -2020) in the same period. From the calculations, B&M indicated an
improvement in the gross margin from 2019 to 2020. It has been analysed that because of high
gross profit margin, the company B&M has more cash to pay for its indirect and other costs like
interests as well as one-time expenses in comparison to Morrison. High gross profit margin
indicates that the company B&M made reasonable profit on sales.
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00.050.10.15 8.73%
13.15%
2.97% 1.44%
Operating profit margin
B&M Morrisons

Return on capital employed measures the profitability as well as the efficiency of a
company with which its capital is employed. This ratio can help in understanding how well a
company is generating profits from its capital as it is put to use (Gruppe and et.al, 2017). The
high return on capital employed of B&M is indicating that a larger chunk of profits can be
invested back into the company for the benefits of the shareholders. The reinvested capital is
employed again at a higher rate of return that helps the company in producing higher earnings-
per-share growth and is showing the successful growth of the company in comparison to
Morrison.
Inventory turnover is the rate which inventory stock is sold, or used, and replaced. It is
calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold by average inventory of the same period. A higher
ratio tends to point to strong sales and a lower one to weak sales (Hoang and Hoxha, 2020).
Higher turnover means the company is selling its goods quickly and is also stating that there is
considerable amount of demand for the products of the company. In context to B&M, the
average inventory turnover period is higher as compared to Morrison in both the years 2019 and
2020. It indicates that the business of B&M is running more efficiently.
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00.20.4 33.64% 36.80%
3.59% 2.20%
Gross profit margin
B&M Morrisons

Debtor's days is calculated by dividing the average receivables and net credit sales and
multiplication of the resultant with 365 days. In B&M and Morrison, the debtor's days of both
companies have increased from 2019 to 2020. In 2019, B&M has 2.90 days and in 2020 it is
increased to 3.91 days and in context to Morrison, it is 3.67 days in 2019 and 14.29 days in 2020.
having a higher average collection period is an indicator of a few possible problems for the
company (Khong, Hooy and Lye, 2021). Both the companies need better communication with
customers regarding their debts and expectation of payments. Higher debtor's days also shows
that the companies have less cash available to use. This might limit the investments that
company can make which could stunt the growth of business.
The ratio of Creditor's days is estimated by dividing the average payables and net credit
purchases then multiplying the resultant by 365 days (Lin and et.al, 2021). The ratio of creditor's
days describes a way for a company to express its worthiness to its creditors as well as suppliers.
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020406080
42.41
71.83
7.12 15.63
Average Inventories turnover period
B&M Morrisons
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0481216
2.9 3.913.67
14.29
Debtors days
B&M Morrisons

The higher number of creditor's days is better for the company since almost all the entities wish
to conserve their capital as much as possible. In context to B&M, the creditor's days is very high
and it means that the company is paying its suppliers more slowly and may be an indicator of
worsening financial condition. The creditor's days of Morrison is much better as compared to
B&M and states that the company is paying its suppliers in a fast way.
Gearing ratio shows the extent to which the operations of a company are funded by the
lenders versus shareholders and this ratio measures the financial leverage of the company
(Luong, Gunasekarage and Shams, 2021). In context to Morrison, there is low gearing ratio in
comparison to B&M and indicates that the company has a small proportion of the debts over the
equities of the company. The companies with low gearing ratio is considered as stable and have
low financial risk.
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0
500
1000
422.79
744.56
31.75 26.42
Creditors Days
B&M Morrisons

Earning-per-share is that portion of the profits of the company which is allocated to every
individual share of the stock. This is of much importance to investors as well as people who trade
in the stock market. Higher the earning-per-share ratio of a company, the better is its profitability
(Nguyen and Pacheco, 2021). In context to B&m and Morrison, both the companies have high
earning-per-share in the year 2020 in comparison to 2019. hence, it is analysed that the
profitability of both the companies are good in the year 2020 as compared to the year 2019. low
earning-per-share ratio indicates that the company has spent a lot of money on the growth in the
past year.
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0
0.02
0.04 3.12% 3.58%
1.40% 1.65%
Gearing Ratios
B&M Morrisons

C. RECOMMENDATION
 From the analysis of above ratios, it has been recommended that overall profits as well as
liquidity of B&M company is much better as compared to Morrison. The ratio analysis of
equity valuation is good at Morrison and the respective company is able to satisfy its
shareholders by offering better ratio of earning-per-share.
 The company Morrison is recommended to use its organisational resources in an efficient
manner because the liquidity of the company is not good and B&M is at better position to
pay its short-term obligations or current liabilities with the company (Ranajee and
Pathak, 2019). Therefore, Morrison is recommended to improve the position of its
liquidity as well as the company must be effective in order to expand its assets along with
declining its liabilities.
 Another recommendation is that it is essential for both the organisations to control and
monitor their cash as well as bank balances because they will facilitate the companies
while meeting with sudden losses and uncertainties.
 It is also recommended to the administration of Morrison, that the company must
maintain its sales as well as profits because it is essential to come up with better
alternative and will also enhance the opportunities for investors to invest their amount
within the company that will result in enhancement of profitability level (Xiong, 2020).
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020406080100
18.8
85.5
7.94
29.04
Earnings per share
B&M Morrisons

D. Limitations of Ratio Analysis:
In any technique of Financial Analysis, there are some limitations that are associated with
the techniques like Ratio Analysis that are identified at the time of their implementation or after
their interpretations. Some of the limitations of Ratio Analysis are explained as under:
 Changes in interventions and policies: At the time of this financial analysis, if any
alterations in accounting procedure as well as policies occur then it impacts the financial
reports of the company and hence, come up with any of the interpretation or conclusion
will not be feasible and requires alterations as per the accounting policies.
 Changes in Operations of business: Within business operations, there are always sone
alterations that are concerned with the operational structure and because of which the
supply chain strategy gives significant changes in the analysis of financials. It results in
misleading of the conclusion as well as performance of company and will not be
considered as an exact aspect and interpretation that could be observed after the changes.
 Dependency on past information: The information used in this analysis is done on the
basis of the past performances and results which were declared by the companies.
Therefore, it cannot represents the performance of the future within the company (Zarin
and et.al, 2021). Just like B&M and Morrison, the ratio of the operations is given on the
basis of past performance of the company so it is not possible to ascertain the future
performance of the organisations.
 Assumptions: While making an analysis of certain ratios, an analytics presumes the
certain amounts and ratio at the time of identifying this. It brings major alterations in
financial metrices as well as create biasness in the implementation and is not feasible.
This gives false results and makes the whole analysis unjustified to the absolute condition
in organisation. Within B&M and Morrison, if there are any such type of alterations
occur, then it will impact the whole performance of the companies.
 Manipulations in the financial statements: In order to get better results in comparison
to past performance, the company sometimes makes manipulations in its operations
which results in inconsistent results. Therefore, it is not considered as an accurate image
of the performance of the company and will not give correct and appropriate financial
statements of the company. So it is essential for an analyst to be aware about these
practices.

PORTFOLIO 2
A. INVESTMENT APPRAISAL TECHNIQUES FOR ALPHA AND BETA:
For project Alpha:
Net Profit Discount factor Present value
35000 0.862 30170
36,000 0.743 26748
38000 0.641 24358
29000 0.552 16008
28,000 0.476 13328
22,000 0.410 9020
119632
Less: Initial investment 78000
Net present value 41632
For project Beta:
Net Profit Discount factor Present value
12000 0.862 10344
16000 0.743 11888
21000 0.641 13461
35000 0.552 19320
46000 0.476 21896
48000 0.410 19680
96589 + 10000 = 106589
Less: Initial investment 78000
Net present value 28589

Investment appraisal techniques:
The techniques if investment appraisal is the method to know the better investment
options that gives greater returns to the company. It expresses the ability to achieve profitability
of an investment over the particular period of time. Investment appraisal techniques are
considered with the effectiveness of the investments that which project alternative will give
higher returns (Gamarra, Girotto and Seguí, 2019). According to above data, it shows that
investment option for Project Alpha is beneficial for the company because it gives higher returns
of 41632 for the same investment 78000. Company should invest for project Alpha for achieving
higher profitability within the business.
B. LIMITATIONS OF INVESTMENT APPRAISAL TECHNIQUES
The techniques of investment appraisal is very useful to determine the value of an
investment that are made. Decisions regarding the investment can be made greater in an effective
manner by determining the project value. Therefore, it will be useful in making better decisions
of investing in a particular project. There are various investment appraisal techniques and the
limitations that are associated with them are explained as below:
Average Rate of Return: This is used in the process of capital budgeting for calculating the
returns that can be estimated from a specific project in which the amount has been invested.
Limitation:
 The base of average rate of return is on profits not on cash-flow. Therefore, it can impact
the various types of organisations.
 Average rate of return is influenced by non-cash items such as depreciation and hence, it
can affect the organisation that are making the use of this specific method.
Net Present Value: this is a technique of investment appraisal through which the difference
between the current value of cash inflows as well as cash outflows can be ascertained over a
period of time. It is a useful method for ascertaining the value of investment in an effective and
efficient manner.
Limitations:
 There is a use of assumptions when the administration within the organisation make the
use of this method. Therefore, it can affect the management of the funds(Goto and
Kalesnik, 2021).

 The level of accuracy in this method is quite low and thus it can impact the organisation
if the calculations are inaccurate because it will give wrong interpretations and results.
Discounted Cash-Flow: This is a method that can be used to ascertain the value of investment
on the basis of cash flows.
Limitations:
 This kind of method can result in towards complexities. Therefore, in the organisation
the calculations can become complex if the use of this type of method is made.
 This type of method depends on the use of various types of assumptions and therefore, in
the context of the companies it can impact the calculations if these assumptions are
proven to be wrong.
Payback Period: Payback period is defined as the time period which is taken into consideration
to recoup the cost of the investment which is made.
Limitations:
 In this technique, the time value of money is ignored and it can impact the calculations
also.
 The technique of Payback period ignores the incremental cash-flows and it can therefore,
results towards an influence on the calculations of the entire level of profits.
Sensitivity analysis: It is a technique that is used to predict the outcome of a given situation
because of the impact that is created by various kinds of variables. Hence, for the different type
of organisations it can be very important method that they can make use for the purpose of
making sure that they make the correct decisions in a proper way.
Limitations:
 In this technique, the assumption which is made is that the changes can be made
independently (Lin, 2021). It may not always be the case and therefore, it can impact the
calculations that are made by the organisations.
 This makes an assessment related to the reach of a variable for change. The probability of
the change is ignored by it.
CONCLUSION
From above explanation of the report, it has been concluded that the concept of finance
helps the business in acquiring and managing the funds for its activities. Managerial finance has
different functions that involves planning, organising, evaluation, analysing, controlling,

management, etc. The business area of finance plays a significant role in any organisation
because it is essential part of every activity of the business. In this report, the calculation of
financial ratios have been done that helps the organisation in comparing its financial
performance and position to that of standard one. In this portfolio, the analysis of several
financial ratios has been discussed with the use of charts. The techniques of investment appraisal
have also been explained in this report along with their limitations. Some of the investment
appraisal techniques that have been discussed are payback period, Net present value, ARR, etc.
these investment appraisal techniques have described the effectiveness of the investment that
which alternative of investment will give higher returns to the company.

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