Financial Institutions & Markets – 1

This document provides an analysis of financial institutions and markets, specifically focusing on the Abu Dhabi stock market and Dubai financial market. It explores the nature and development of these markets, the difference between them, the benefits and drawbacks of long term capital market, the types of financial market securities used, strategies for reducing financial risk in the future market, and an analysis of a company listed in the Abu Dhabi stock market - Sharjah Islamic Bank.

Financial Institutions & Markets – 1

Contents
INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND......................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..............................................................................................................................................3
Problem statement:..................................................................................................................................3
Research question:...................................................................................................................................4
Literature review:....................................................................................................................................4
Discussion.................................................................................................................................................12
Conclusion and recommendations.............................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND
The FI is a business which deals with payments such as deposits, loans, investments and
the exchange rates, both economic and currency. Investment firms include a broad range of
financial services business practices from finance, trust, brokerage, investment and securities
supplies. Virtually everybody in a developing economy has a constant or at least intermittent
requirement for banks' services. A financial market is a system that exchanges financial
instruments and options at low expense. Few stocks and shares and commodities contain bonds.
The project report is based on analyzing of Abu Dhabi stock exchange market and Dubai
financial market.
Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) has also been known as the Abu Dhabi Securities Market
(ADSM). ADX is participating in mid east shares trade level with United Arab Emirates (UAE)
share Dubai Financial Market (DFM) (About Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange, 2019). It decided
to work with NYSE Euro next on innovations. The Dubai Financial Market was founded on 26
March 2000 and the DFM had accomplished considerable achievements and growth in its brief
existence, due largely to the supportive help and commitment shown by its respected business
partners, employees and stakeholders (About Dubai financial market, 2019).
MAIN BODY
Problem statement:
A problem statement is a succinct explanation of a problem that needs to be solved or
strengthened. It measures the difference between the present state of a system or service and its
desired condition (Ewing and Malik, 2016). In the project report is based on problem statement
which is related to analyzing Abu Dhabi stock Exchange Markets (ADIX) and Dubai Financial
Market (DFM).

Research question:
A research question is "a question to be answered by a research project." The collection
of research problems is a key component of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Work includes
data analysis, and its approach varies widely. Herein, below some research questions are
mentioned that are as follows:
 What is nature and development of Abu Dhabi stock market and Dubai financial market?
 What is difference between Abu Dhabi stock market and Dubai financial market?
 What is benefit and drawbacks of long term capital market?
 Which types of financial market securities are used in ADIX and DFM?
 What are strategies which are used in future market for reducing financial risk?
Literature review:
A literature review is a literature quest and examination of the topic or issue. It records
the latest technology about the subject or topic on which users are writing (Paramati, Ummall
and Apergis, 2016). A literary analysis seeks to examine the research in the field of study.
Herein, below literature review of above mentioned questions has been done in such manner:
1. What is nature and development of Abu Dhabi stock market and Dubai financial market?
According to Ewers (2017) The Abu Dhabi stock markets is a transfer of stocks in Abu
Dhabi, UAE. Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (A.D.X.; previously Abu Dhabi Securities
Market (ADSM): or the exchange of rights is a foreign exchange in the US (Arabic). or
the first-time sale of stock in Abu Dhabi, UAE). It was founded by UAE corporations on
15 November 2000. In Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, Fujeirah, Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah, there
are trade points. Dubai Financial sector (DFM) is a separate market which sells stocks in
other UAE businesses, but ADSM stocks with some traders based on DFM can also be
exchanged by shareholders. The ADSM is mentioned by more businesses than DFM, but
the quantity of trading is often far less. The stock prices and market volatility rose

substantially in 2004-2005. The ADSM level total decreased by just over 30 percent
during the first six quarters of 2006 between the end of 2005 and the middle of 2006.
According to Bhavani and Kukunuru (2016) The Dubai Financial Market (DFM)
provides full access to digital data for the most precise and appropriate market. Access
complete updates, surveys, historical records, and updates from DFM directly or via the
DFM’s approved providers to different data feeds. The Dubai Financial Market (DFM),
that has the authority to enforce the rules and requirements that must be met by the DFM,
is controlled and supervised by the UAE securities and futures Authority (SCA). The
DFM collaborates with the SCA to safeguard shareholders and provide an excellent
payment system that involves measures such as the creation of transaction and
distribution frameworks.
2. What is difference between Abu Dhabi stock market and Dubai financial market?
According to Karathanasopoulos and Osman (2019) both financial market are different
from each others. Herein below difference between these markets is done in such manner
that is as follows:
Basis Abu Dhabi stock market Dubai financial market
Capitalization In this market 55 % top ten
companies by capitalization.
While in this market there are
50.8% top companies.
Trading
volume
In this market trading volume is of
66.6% of total market.
Under it, 68.4 % trading volume
exists of total market.
Risk On the basis of regression analysis,
the volume of risk is of 0.198
under this market.
On the other hands, under this risk
volume is of 0.222.
Foundation
year
It was founded on 15 November
2000.
This market was founded on March
26, 2000.
Traded securities:

Abu Dhabi stock market - Currently, there are three forms of shares which are exchanged
and are: equities (market listed companies), Debt (Abu Dhabi National Bank Bonds),
Debt securities, Exchanged Funds Trade (NBAD).
Dubai financial market- This financial market of the UAE mainly deal with equities,
shares, debt, debt, futures (Islamic Bonds) and sukuk (Islamic Bonds).
3. What is benefit and drawbacks of long term capital market?
According to Zhou, Simnett and Green (2017), a stock market is a bond market in
which bonds funded by long-lasting debt (over a year) or capital are purchased and sold.
Financial sector transfer the wealth of depositors, such as corporations or governments
that make long-term saving, to those that can make long-term productive usage.
Benefits:
The debt capital can be extremely versatile in raising bonds. It may be protected or
unencrypted and determine the importance they give to other liabilities (Khaidem, Saha
and Dey, 2016). They can also provide a way to manage the assets of the business with
large fixed-rate debts. This protects against rising rates of interest or currency
fluctuations.
Drawbacks:
 Bondholder restrictions - Investors may enforce such agreements or
undertakings in the activity and financial results, to minimize their risk as they
lock the capital for a possibly long time.
 Communication with shareholders can be somewhat restricted so that it would
be harder to change the terms of service or exemptions contrasted with dealings
with borrowers who tend to have a deeper bond.
 Need to meet with many listings rules to improve the tradability of exchange-
listed bonds-in particular the duty to make details accessible to the public in the
issue process and periodically during the bond life.
4. Which types of financial market securities are used in ADIX and DFM?

According to Naser and Hassan, 2016, financial markets are a system where
people exchange financial and derivatives instruments at low transactions costs. Some
assets include shares and securities and valuable metals. In the above mentioned markets
there are different types of securities which are traded. Herein, below analysis of these
securities has been done in such manner:
 EQUITY SECURITIES- The share capital stock is a share of a company, corporation or
partnership's capital stock. Equity interests may also be acquired in other aspects of the
corporation other than those listed above. Holding a position on equities means adding to
the company's money. This can be achieved by buying shares from an organization they
like. A share of a company is a currency. The amount of money that makes the
contribution to the company is this financial interest.
 DEBT SECURITIES- Debt instruments are mainly business loans. These bonds, as the
title suggests, are a debt owed to lenders by a corporation. Debt instruments such as
shares, debentures, corporate debt, etc. are numerous styles. These bonds vary in size,
leverage and other features from each other. They vary in the context that debenture
investors are the corporation's shareholders from financial assets. Unlike investors who
own the business, this applies.
 DERIVATIVE SECURITIES- Derivative bonds are instruments that derive their value
from a futures contract. These financial fundamentals can include shares, inventories,
goods, currencies and other properties (Chong, Han and Park, 2017). The exchange of
such securities as other financial instruments varies with the shift in the underlying assets.
They don't have their own meaning. It should be noted that owning a product does not
mean owning an asset. Derivative investments are more advanced than equity and debt.
They work very differently and need sound knowledge of finance to reduce risks and
produce good returns.

5. What are strategies which are used in future market for reducing financial risk?
According to Kiio and Jagongo (2017) Based on the resources or asset portfolio that are
leveraged, there are many successful hedge techniques to growing market risk. Portfolio
building, options and liquidity measures are three of the most common ones. In the aspect of
above mentioned UAE markets following strategies have been used such as:
 Modern Portfolio Theory- the Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), using liquidity to
establish asset classes that reduce volatility, is one of the principal means of doing so. For
the purpose of determining an efficient limit for the expected profit sum for the stated
risk, MPT uses statistical steps. In order to create an ideal portfolio, the theory explores
the correlation around various assets and the liquidity of assets.
 Volatility Index Indicator- The Volatility Index (VIX) measure can be used to hedge
investors as well. The VIX tests and applies the S&P 500 benchmark for the
backwardation of cash calls (Adam, Marcet and Nicolini, 2016). The fear flange is often
named the VIX when its volatility increases during times when it is continued to increase.
A moderate level of volatility is typically below 20 and a volatile level of 30. Exchanged
funds (ETFs) are available that monitor the VIX. As a liquidity-specific hedge,
shareholders can use ETF equities or options to extend the VIX.
6. Analysis of company listed in Abu Dhabi stock market:
Sharjah Islamic Bank is financial sector company which is listed in Abu Dhabi stock
market. Analysis of this company has been done below in such manner that is as follows:
 Overview of company:
Sharjah Islamic Bank is a publically traded Islamic bank, once recognized as Sharjah
National Bank, which is located in the UAE Sharjah Emirate. The corporation was
incorporated in 1976 and became a fully Shariah-compatible bank in 2004 (About
financial statement of Sharjah Islamic Bank, 2019).

Headquarter of company- Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
CEO- Muhammad Abdullah
Company was founded in year 1976.
 This bank is listed in Abu Dhabi stock market.
Symbol:
This company does not have any debt in last few years.
 Sharjah Islamic Bank is involved in financial sector and provides financial services such
as:
 Deposit of money- This is the main service that is provided by above bank. They
accept funds from general public and provide interest on deposited amount.
 Loan services- It is a type of function that is offered by all financial institutes. The
above bank gives loan to needed persons at a lower cost and rate. Due to which it
becomes easier for people to acquire fund. As well as process of providing loan is
also easier.
 Other financial services- Apart from above mentioned financial services, above bank
provide some other services such as locker facility, security of deposited items and
many more.
 Size of company:
Particulars 2019

Total assets 924 Million
Total sales 1819 Million
Total employees 1194
 EPS and PE ratio:
Earnings per share ratio- The EPS ratio calculates the quantity of net revenue dollars
received from each ordinary shares share for a specified duration. It is determined by the
division by the amount of common shares remaining during the duration of the net profit
less preferred dividends.
PE ratio- The ratio between a company's price-earnings and its profits is also known as
the P / E or the PER ratio. The ratio is used to measure firms to see if they are
underestimated or overestimated.
Below analysis of above ratio is done regards to Sharjah Islamic bank in such manner:
Sharjah
Islamic
Bank Dubai Islamic bank
2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018
Earnings per
share 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.6 0.61 0.72
P/E ratio 7.3 7.56 7.51 8.31 7.94 6.92
 Market price and stock price:
2016 2017 2018
Market price 0.92 10.9 9.47
Stock price 3.75 6.86 16.51

2016 2017 2018
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
3.75
6.86
16.51
Market price
Stock price
 ROA and ROE of company:
Return on assets- It shows how profitable a business is relative to its total assets. ROA
offers an owner, investor or analyst an idea of how effective the management of a
business can use its assets to produce profits. Asset returns are shown as a percentage.
Return on equity- Equity returns are a calculation of the competitiveness of a company in
comparison to equity. Because shareholder equity can be measured by taking all assets
and deducting all liability, ROE can also be viewed as a return on assets minus liabilities.
Sharjah Islamic Bank Dubai Islamic bank
2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018
ROA 1.46 1.33 1.23 1.91 2 2.5
ROE 6.91 6.94 8.31 13.77 15.17 15.39

2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018
Sharjah Islamic Bank Dubai Islamic bank
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1.46 1.33 1.23 1.91 2 2.5
6.91 6.94
8.31
13.77
15.17 15.39
ROA
ROE
 Debt ratio of company:
Debt ratio- Debt ratio refers to the proportion of the assets of a business given by debt.
Sharjah Islamic Bank Dubai Islamic bank
2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018
Deb
t
ratio 1.13 1 1.2 0.31 0.33 0.39

2016 2017 2018 2016 2017 2018
Sharjah Islamic Bank Dubai Islamic bank
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.13
1
1.2
0.31 0.33 0.39
Debt ratio
Debt ratio
Discussion
On the basis of above project report, this can be stated that both stock markets are too
important in the context of UAE. This is so because major of the transactions are done under
these two stock exchanges. In addition, key companies are listed in both stock markets. Herein,
this is important to know that majority of companies which are listed in these stock exchange use
various kinds of strategies to overcome risks which occurs on the investment done by them. As
well as both stock exchanges deals with range of securities to make financial transactions.
Conclusion and recommendations
On the basis of above project report this can be concluded that it is essential for growth of
an economy to improve services of stock markets. In the aspect of UAE, there are mainly two
stock markets in which most of companies are listed. These stock markets are Abu Dhabi stock
market and Dubai financial market. Under which all types of financial transactions are done. The
report concludes that both stock markets imply various kinds of securities and methods to deal.
The further part of report concludes about overall analysis of a company that is listed in Abu
Dhabi stock market.

Recommendations:
On the grounds of financial analysis of above mentioned company, they can apply below
mentioned recommendations which are as follows:
 Company should focus on enhancing their return so that their performance can increase.
 As well as they should make analysis of their performance on regular basis so that their
performance can be enhanced.
 They should try to improve their stock market performance as their value of stock and
market is lower than to its competitors.


REFERENCES
Books and journal:
Ewers, M.C., 2017. International knowledge mobility and urban development in rapidly
globalizing areas: building global hubs for talent in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Urban
Geography, 38(2), pp.291-314.
Bhavani, G. and Kukunuru, S.G., 2016. Impact of EXPO 2020 on Dubai Financial Market–An
event study on banks, investment and insurance sectors. International Journal of
Financial Research, 7(2), p.163.
Karathanasopoulos, A. and Osman, M., 2019. Forecasting the Dubai financial market with a
combination of momentum effect with a deep belief network. Journal of
Forecasting, 38(4), pp.346-353.
Zhou, S., Simnett, R. and Green, W., 2017. Does integrated reporting matter to the capital
market?. Abacus, 53(1), pp.94-132.
Naser, K. and Hassan, Y.M., 2016. Factors influencing external audit fees of companies listed on
Dubai Financial Market. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance
and Management.
Kiio, J.M. and Jagongo, A., 2017. Financial risk hedging practices and performance of firms
Listed in Nairobi securities exchange (NSE), Kenya. International Journal of Scientific
Research and Innovative Technology, 4(1), pp.11-28.
Adam, K., Marcet, A. and Nicolini, J.P., 2016. Stock market volatility and learning. The Journal
of Finance, 71(1), pp.33-82.
Chong, E., Han, C. and Park, F.C., 2017. Deep learning networks for stock market analysis and
prediction: Methodology, data representations, and case studies. Expert Systems with
Applications, 83, pp.187-205.
Khaidem, L., Saha, S. and Dey, S.R., 2016. Predicting the direction of stock market prices using
random forest. arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.00003.
Paramati, S.R., Ummalla, M. and Apergis, N., 2016. The effect of foreign direct investment and
stock market growth on clean energy use across a panel of emerging market
economies. Energy Economics, 56, pp.29-41.
Ewing, B.T. and Malik, F., 2016. Volatility spillovers between oil prices and the stock market
under structural breaks. Global Finance Journal, 29, pp.12-23.
Online:
About financial statement of Sharjah Islamic Bank, 2019 [Online] available through:<
http://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=SIB&region=are&culture=en-US >

About financial statement of Dubai Islamic bank, 2019 [Online] available through:<
http://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=DIB&region=are&culture=en-US>
About Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange, 2019 [Online] available through :<
https://www.adx.ae/English/Pages/default.aspx >
About Dubai financial market, 2019 [Online] available through:< https://www.dfm.ae/>