This article provides a financial analysis of United Overseas Bank Ltd, including horizontal and vertical analysis of financial statements, economic analysis of the banking industry, and financial ratios. It also discusses UOB's profitability, stability and liquidity, and efficiency.
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Financial Management1 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Author Course Professor University Date
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Financial Management2 Table of Contents SECTION A...............................................................................................................................3 Introduction................................................................................................................................3 Financial Analysis......................................................................................................................3 Horizontal and Vertical Analysis of UOB Financial Statements...........................................3 Economic Analysis of the Banking Industry.........................................................................4 Financial Ratios......................................................................................................................4 Profitability........................................................................................................................4 Dividend Ratios..................................................................................................................6 Stability and Liquidity Ratios............................................................................................7 Efficiency...........................................................................................................................8 Compare UOB with Industry Average.......................................................................................9 UOB current market share price analysis.............................................................................10 UOB Customer Service........................................................................................................11 Section B: UOBCorporate Governance Compliance..............................................................12 News That Has Impact On Bank’s Financial Performance.................................................12 Impact on Brand and Reputation..........................................................................................12 Corporate Governance.........................................................................................................13 Conclusion................................................................................................................................13 REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................15 APPENDICES..........................................................................................................................17 Appendix 1: Horizontal analysis of UOB balance sheet......................................................17 Appendix 2: Vertical analysis of UOB balance sheet..........................................................18 Appendix 3: Horizontal analysis of UOB income statement...............................................19 Appendix 4: Vertical analysis of UOB income statement...................................................20
Financial Management3 Financial ManagementofUnited Overseas Bank Ltd SECTION A Introduction United Overseas Bank Ltd is usually Singapore multinational banking firm. The company operatesacrossSingaporewithseveralbrancheslocatedinSoutheastAsiannations. Established in the year 1935, the bank is third largest financial institution in the South-East Asia by total assets. It provides wide range of services including corporate and commercial bankingservices,privatebanking,corporatefinancial,performancefinancialservices, venture capital, insurance and investment services. Generally, UOB has over 68 branches across Singapore and over 500 offices across 19 nations and regions within North American, the Western Europe and Asia Pacific. Currently, UOB is one of the top banks in the world as the company has grown rapidly since its establishment as a result of several strategic acquisitions. The bank offers several financial services across the globe through its three chief segments; that is, global markets, global wholesale banking as well as global retail. Through its subsidiaries, UOB offer insurance services, venture capital management as well as asset management. Financial Analysis As a financial analyst or an investor, one should dig into an organization’s financial statements. One can look at the financial statements in isolations; nonetheless, it is crucial to company organization’s financial results to selected firms within the industry, companies outside the sector as well as against other period in determining whether the firm might be a good investment. There are different forms of analysis which could be performed; these are; vertical, horizontal or ratio analysis. Horizontal and Vertical Analysis of UOB Financial Statements
Financial Management4 Based on Appendix 1 below, it is evident that UOB total assets increased year by year, though the amount differed over the years. Similarly, its total liabilities for the bank increased year by year. Further, it is evident that its total liabilities represented at least 90% of the total assets over the past five years (Appendix 2). Moreover, based on Appendix 3 below, it is clear that the total revenue increased every year except in the year 2016 where a slight decrease was recorded. Despite the decrease in 2016, UOB has gained significant increase in its total revenue. On the other hand, its net profit is said to have decreased in the year 2015 and 2016, nonetheless, it gained momentum in 2017. Economic Analysis of the Banking Industry Singapore is presently the most renowned financial hub across the globe with its banking sector account for over 10% of city state’s GDP (Bestar 2019). This industry employs just a small portion of Singapore personnel which makes it among the highest value-added sector across the country. Generally, Singapore is considered as one of the powerful banking centre that caters for both domestic finances as well as monetary activities for the entire Asia-Pacific (3E Accounting 2019). Being heartened by nation’s stable economic and political climate, law enforcement against money crimes and frauds, effective taxation and legislation, the country banking sectors is one of the most competitive sectors across the globe. Furthermore, it is the Asian third-largest financial institution that provides several services from the consumer credits to insurance and investment operations (One Visa 2019). Financial Ratios Profitability Net profit ratio 20142015201620172018 Industr y Net Margin %46.5342.8841.5341.2945.7539.2%
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Financial Management5 The net margin for UOB was 46.53% in 2014 which later decreased over the years to 42.88 in 2015 to 41.53% in 2016 and later to 41.29% in 2017. Nonetheless, the ratio increased to 45.75% in 2018. The trend in net margin is attributable to decreasing net income between 2014 and 2017 and increasing net income reported in 2018. Return on assets 20142015201620172018 Industr y Return on Assets %1.0710.920.941.041 Return on Equity %11.5910.589.569.4310.4712.04 It is evident that UOB ROA decreased from 1.07 in 2014 to 0.94 in 2017 but later increased to 1.04 in 2018. The trend is a good sign that despite the decrease, the company management has gained its effectiveness in utilizing the bank assets to generate income. Operating ratio 20142015201620172018 Industr y Return on Assets % 57.81 % 55.31 % 54.15 % 54.50 % 56.08 % 48.45% Operating ratio for UOB in 2014 was 57.81% that decreased over the years to 54.50% in 2017. Nonetheless, the ratio gained momentum in 2018 increasing to 56.08%. The operation ratio for the bank was relatively higher than industry average meaning that it was doing well within the industry.
Financial Management6 Return on Equity / Return on Investment 20142015201620172018 Industr y Return on Equity %11.5910.589.569.4310.4712.04 As per the above values, it is evident that UOB ROE decreased from 11.59% in 2014 to 9.43 in 2017 but later increased to 10.47% last year. The trend in ROE was as a result of decrease in net income between 2014 and 2017 and increase in net income reported in 2018. Its ROE was lower as compared to industry average for the last five years. Dividend Ratios Dividend Yield ratio 20142015201620172018 Industr y Dividend yield3.26%3.34%3.43%3.78%4.88%3.95% Its dividend yield increased over the last five years. This is a clear sign that the company has been experiencing increased dividends which were distributed to its shareholders. Besides, the company dividend yield is relatively higher than the industry average. Dividend Payout ratio 20142015201620172018 Industr y Dividend Pay-out Ratio %34.444.537.237.441.130.21 As per the analysis, UOB dividend pay-out was 34.4 in 2014 which later increased to 44.5 in 2015. Nonetheless, the ratio decreased to 37.2 in 2016. This was attributable to decrease in dividend paid in proportional to increase in the net income for the bank. The ratio later increased to 37.4 in 2017 and to 41.1 in 2018. This shows that the company is in a stable
Financial Management7 position financially. The bank dividend pay-out was higher compared to industry average for the past five year meaning that the company is amongst the best company giving good return to shareholders. Price earnings ratio 20142015201620172018 P/E9.010.711.013.410.59.31 UOB P/E ratio for the past five years has been experiencing asymmetric trend with increasing and decreasing trend over the period. The company P/E ratio increased from 2014 to 2017 and later decreased in 2018. Despite the decrease in UOB P/E in 2018, the ratio was higher compared to industry average. Earnings per share ratio 20142015201620172018 Industr y Earnings Per Share SGD1.971.931.851.982.331.54 In this case, UOB EPS ratio for the year ending 2014 was 1.97, nonetheless, the ratio decreased to 1.93 in 2015 and further to 1.85 in 2016. The decrease was attributed to decrease in its net income over the same period. Nonetheless, the ratio increased to 1.98 in 2017 and later to 2.33 in 2018. This was attributable to increase in the bank net income over the years. Its EPS was higher compared to industry average over the last five years. Stability and Liquidity Ratios Debt to Equity ratio 20142015201620172018Industry Debt/Equity0.760.690.810.70.830.65
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Financial Management8 UOB debt to equity was 0.76 in 2014 that later decreased to 0.69 in 2015 but later increased to 0.81 in 2016. Furthermore, the ratio decreased to 0.7 in 2017 and later increased to 0.83. Hence, it is evident that UOB debt/equity ratio has been experiencing asymmetric trend over the past five years. Despite the trend, it is evident that the company has been financing its operations using equity rather than relying on debt finances. The ratio was higher compared to industry average though was not badly off. Gearing ratio 20142015201620172018 Industr y Gearing ratio10.6710.5610.349.7310.32o.65 As per the above analysis, gearing ratio for UOB decreased from 10.67 in 2014 to 9.73 in 2017. Nonetheless, the ratio increased to 10.32 in the year 2018. The ratio has been relatively higher over the past five years meaning that the bank has been at risk despite the decrease indicated between 2014 and 2017. In essence, the ratio indicates that the company has been using debt finance in funding its continuing operations. The ratio was higher than industry average. Current ratio or working capital ratio 20142015201620172018 Industr y Quick ratio000000.0 The bank current ratio was at zero, meaning that despite having increasing total assets, it seems to struggle in settling its debt. The ratio is equal to industry average.
Financial Management9 Quick ratioor acid test ratio 20142015201620172018 Industr y Quick ratio000000.0 UOB quick ratio remained significantly low at zero over the last five years. In fact, the ratio was significantly equivalent with industry average meaning that the bank is as per the industry performance. Efficiency Asset Turnover ratio 20142015201620172018 Industr y Asset Turnover0.020.020.020.020.020 As per the analysis, UOB asset turnover for the period remained at 0.02. This ratio is relatively high compared to industry average meaning that the bank is efficient in the manner in which it uses its total assets. Current Asset turnover ratio 20142015201620172018 Industr y Current asset turnover0.0260.0270.0250.0260.0260.01 UOB current asset turnover increased from 0.026 in 2014 to 0.027 in 2015 but later decreased to 0.025 in 2016 where it later gained momentum and rose to 0.026. The ratio was relatively above the industry average. Stock or inventory turnover ratio
Financial Management10 20142015201620172018 Industr y stock turnover9.1655.6672.3134.5104.4164.2 In this case, stock turnover for UOB decreased from 9.165 times in 2014 to 2.313 times in 2016 but increased in 2017 to 4.51 times and later decreased to 4.416 times in 2018. The ratio was far much above the industry average. Debtor’s turnover ratio 20142015201620172018 Industr y debtors turnover4.2841.8531.8682.6403.1433 The debtor’s turnover for UOB decreased from 4.284 in 2014 to 1.853 in 2015. This ratio later increased to 1.868 in 2016, 2.64 in 2017 and later to 3.143 in 2018. On average, the ratio was relatively higher than the industry average. Compare UOB with Industry Average As per the below figures, it is evident that UOB ROA, ROE or ROI or financial risk, it is evident that the bank has been doing relatively good within the industry. For instance, the bank ROA was 1.04 in comparison with 1 for the industry. Furthermore, its ROE or ROI was 10.47 in comparison with 12.04 industry average (Investing.com 2019). This means the company has been effective enough in utilizing its assets and equity to generate some returns or income. Furthermore, the bank seems to experience less financial risk in comparison with industry average. This is based on the fact that its debt/equity was relatively below 1 though higher than 0.65 for the industry. Comparison of UOB with Industry average
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Financial Management11 20142015201620172018 Industr y Return on Assets %1.0710.920.941.041 Return on Equity %11.5910.589.569.4310.4712.04 Debt/Equity0.760.690.810.70.830.65 UOB current market share price analysis Over the last five years, UOB share price has been on the rise despite the decrease recorded in the year 2016. It is evident that the company share price gained momentum in the mid- 2016 where its share price started to increase with a steady growth on daily basis. The share price reached its peak in early 2018. Generally, UOB share price between 2014 and 2016 has been experiencing similar trend in comparison to STI; nonetheless, the share price for the company rose with a significant margin in comparison to STI (Morningstar 2019). This shows that the company has gained popularity within Singapore security exchange. Hence, it presents a better investment opportunity for potential investors. Generally, UOB share price is linear with Singapore stock exchange indicator, Strait Times Index-STI. Figure 1: Comparison of UOB share price with STI-Trait Times Index
Financial Management12 Source: Morningstar (2019). UOB Customer Service The back is strongly committed to protecting privacy of its clients in accordance with Personal Data Protection Act.Basically, at the UOB, the bank strives to address customer concerns immediately. Upon receipt of customer enquiries, feedback or complaints, the company would carry out thorough review in resolving these concerns in the shortest time possible. Instances where detailed assessment is needed as a result of complexity of issues, the company ensure that the customers are updated on progress and work its level best in resolving their concerns within two weeks. In essence, the bank is committed to provision of responsive customer services. Thus, one the bank receives any complaint from the client; its priority is mainly to attend to such complaints as quickly as possible. Besides, in case UOB Ltd transaction websites or internet banking is unavailable, clients are provided with an opportunity to select doing their transactions or banking through online services such as the company personal internet banking or the business banking (UOB 2019).
Financial Management13 Section B: UOBCorporate Governance Compliance News That Has Impact On Bank’s Financial Performance Corporate governance is considered is a crucial aspect for the firm to accomplish sustainable growth. Thus, UOB board aims to arrange the accurate tone as well as to cultivate the arts which is innovative as well as risk-focused and the one that safeguards long-run interests of its shareholders while enduring accountable and fair in its practices and activities. In fact, the bank has already observed banking corporate governance guidelines and all the material aspect guidance on the corporate governances for incorporated in the MAS guidelines in Singapore (UOB 2017). With continued volatile in world market, valuation of complex and illiquid financial instruments like structured derivative products and unquoted equities could be a challenge. Thus, the company discussed valuation approaches used and unobservable inputs utilised in determining fair value of such financial instruments with external auditors and the management (UOB 2018). Impact on Brand and Reputation UOB continue dominating top one hundred valuable brands in Singapore. It is shedding its reputations as one of the most conservative local banks in Singapore since its third quarter of 2018 displayed upticks in its average headcount and compensation (UOB 2019). In essence, it continues as one of the most professionally managed and excellent financial company, earning several awards and accolades from the leading organization and publication in financial service sector. It is voted the best financial institution by services within Singapore and as the best institution by the Tech Provision Rankings. Corporate Governance UOB board directors both executives and non-executive directors consider good corporate governance a fundamental aspect in enhancement, creation and protection of the bank value
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Financial Management14 and in accomplishing sustainable growth. They are responsible for approval of annual budgetsand businessplans(UOB 2018). Besides,they areresponsiblefor providing entrepreneurialguidanceandleadershipaswellasstrategicdirection.Theyarealso responsible in ensuring that the financial statements are fair and true. Additionally, the directors are responsible in determining debt and capital structures of the bank. They are also responsible in setting the dividend policy as well as declaring dividends and in approval of major divestments and acquisitions (UOB 2016). Moreover, directors oversee performance of the bank’s management and set organization’s standards and value. Conclusion Basically, UOB financial performance for the past five years has been relatively attractive for potential investors. In fact, UOB seems to have enjoyed relatively positive growth in its revenue, income and more necessarily its total assets. This has resulted in significant growth in its profitability level. Further, it is evident that UOB management has been more efficient in utilizing the company equity and total assets to generate revenue. This is an attractive image that would drive a significant number of investors to venture in the company. Moreover, the bank has positive growth in its dividend ratios. This means that the company has been paying positive dividends to its shareholders over time which is a good thing for potential investors willing to venture in a growing company. Despite this, the company needs to improve on its debt repayment procedures. This is aimed at reducing its financial risk of being liquidated in case it fails to settle its debts both short and long-term on time. Besides, there is need to embrace positive growth in its share price which would in turn drive more and more investors to the company. As a result, the company would generate huge amount of return which would be used in settlement of its debt obligations.
Financial Management15 REFERENCES 3E Accounting (2019)Singapore’s banking industry and its major banks[Online]. Available from:https://www.3ecpa.com.sg/resources/miscellaneous-topics/singapore-banking-industry- and-its-major-banks/(Accessed at 15th April 2019). Bestar (2019) Banking Industry in Singapore [Online]. Available from: https://www.opencompanysingapore.com/banking-industry-in-singapore(Accessed at 15th April 2019). Investing.com (2019) United Overseas Bank ratios [Online]. Available from: https://www.investing.com/equities/united-overseas-bank-ratios(Accessed at 15th April 2019). Morningstar (2019) UOB stock prices [Online]. Available from: https://www.morningstar.com/stocks/xses/u11/quote.html(Accessed at 15th April 2019). One Visa (2019) Banking in Singapore [Online]. Available from:https://www.one- visa.com/banking-in-singapore(Accessed at 15th April 2019). UOB (2019) UOB privacy and security[Online]. Available from: https://www.uobgroup.com/uobgroup/privacy/index.page(Accessed at 15th April 2019). UOB 2019, UOB awards and accolades [Online]. Available from: https://www.uob.com.sg/uobgroup/about/awards/index.page(Accessed at 15th April 2019). UOB Ltd (2016) UOB annual report 2016 [Online]. Available from: https://www.uobgroup.com/AR2016/pdf/UOB_Annual_Report_2016.pdf(Accessed at 15th April 2019).
Financial Management16 UOB Ltd (2017) UOB full annual report 2017 [Online]. Available from: https://www.uob.com.sg/AR2017/documents/Full-Annual-Report-2017.pdf(Accessed at 15th April 2019). UOB Ltd (2019) UOB Group annual report 2018 [Online]. Available from: https://www.uobgroup.com/investor-relations/assets/pdfs/investor/annual/ UOB_Annual_Report_2018.pdf(Accessed at 15th April 2019).
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Financial Management17 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Horizontal analysis of UOB balance sheet Assets2015201620172018 Cash and due from banks-4.85%3.84%26.15%-1.88% Trading assets73.04%144.87% - 43.52%9.23% Derivative assets1.84%8.72% - 17.20%-0.88% Debt securities73.04%144.87% - 43.52%9.23% Allowance for loan losses9.30%4.47%-2.85% - 19.31% Net loans3.93%8.90%4.73%11.38% Receivables147.31%-0.85% - 22.08% - 10.18% Premises and equipment21.78%8.40%4.56%14.97% Goodwill-0.12%0.17%-0.22%-0.10% Other assets3.90%7.45% - 10.23%11.05% Total assets3.02%7.60%5.46%8.23% Liabilities Deposits3.08%5.80%6.38%8.02% Derivative liabilities-6.50%14.54% - 19.10%5.59% Other liabilities3.92%23.95%-3.52%17.71% Total liabilities2.93%7.68%4.75%8.93% Stockholders' equity Preferred stock0.00%-100.00% #DIV/ 0! #DIV/ 0! Additional paid-in capital0.00%13.51%10.92%5.38% Retained earnings9.95%12.10%13.69%10.19% Treasury stock4.78%-8.30% - 21.27%98.28% Accumulated other comprehensive income-1.72%4.76%9.47% - 10.78% Total stockholders' equity4.05%6.84%12.10%2.10% Total liabilities and stockholders' equity3.04%7.60%5.46%8.23%
Financial Management18 Appendix 2: Vertical analysis of UOB balance sheet Assets20142015201620172018 Cash and due from banks18.54%17.12% 16.53 % 19.77 % 17.92 % Trading assets0.24%0.40%0.92%0.49%0.50% Derivative assets2.06%2.03%2.05%1.61%1.48% Debt securities-0.24%-0.40%-0.92%-0.49%-0.50% Allowance for loan losses-1.12%-1.19%-1.16%-1.06%-0.79% Net loans63.87%64.43% 65.21 % 64.76 % 66.64 % Receivables0.51%1.24%1.14%0.84%0.70% Premises and equipment0.47%0.55%0.55%0.55%0.58% Goodwill1.35%1.31%1.22%1.16%1.07% Other assets13.20%13.32% 13.30 % 11.32 % 11.61 % Total assets 100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 % 100.00 % Liabilities Deposits79.87%79.91% 78.57 % 79.26 % 79.10 % Derivative liabilities2.08%1.89%2.01%1.54%1.50% Other liabilities8.35%8.42%9.70%8.87%9.65% Total liabilities90.29%90.21% 90.28 % 89.67 % 90.26 % Stockholders' equity Preferred stock0.27%0.26%0.00%0.00%0.00% Additional paid-in capital1.29%1.25%1.32%1.38%1.35% Retained earnings4.59%4.89%5.10%5.50%5.60% Treasury stock-0.07%-0.08%-0.06%-0.05%-0.09% Accumulated other comprehensive income3.57%3.41%3.32%3.44%2.84% Total stockholders' equity9.64%9.74%9.67% 10.28 %9.69% Total liabilities and stockholders' equity99.93%99.95% 99.95 % 99.95 % 99.95 %
Financial Management19 Appendix 3: Horizontal analysis of UOB income statement 20142015201620172018 Revenue Interest income Other assets8.86%5.94%9.48% 22.74 % Total interest income8.86%5.94%9.48% 22.74 % Interest expense Other expense10.18%13.79%7.52% 38.70 % Total interest expense10.18%13.79%7.52% 38.70 % Net interest income8.07%1.32%10.76% 12.52 % Noninterest revenue Commissions and fees1.12%1.47%15.22%8.02% Securities gains (losses)43.58%-67.73%25.74% - 127.56 % Other income-0.11%14.07%-0.19%-7.34% Total noninterest revenue4.76%-2.94%8.60%-5.67% Total net revenue6.99%-0.06%10.11%6.96% Noninterest expenses Tech, communication and equipment21.61%18.18%27.62% 13.42 % Other special charges-28.57%-93.33%-200.00% - 700.00 % Other expenses27.53%25.55%28.77% 11.44 % Total noninterest expenses Income (loss)6.99%-0.06%10.11%6.96% Provision for taxes15.69%3.08%19.58%0.63% Other income14.42%2.60%8.79%-1.80% Net income-1.23%-3.52%9.50% 18.23 % Preferred dividend8.11%-80.00% 1175.00 %8.82% Net income available to common shareholders-1.34%-2.56%6.48% 18.52 % Earnings per share Basic-2.02%-4.12%6.99% 17.59 % Diluted-2.03%-4.15%7.03% 17.68 % Basic0.69%0.94%2.10%0.85%
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