Financial Management Analysis

The assignment content discusses financial management concepts such as payback period calculation for two projects X and Y, net present value (NPV) computation with different discount rates, internal rate of return (IRR), and bond pricing. The results show that project Y has a shorter payback period than project X, but its NPV is lower at higher discount rates. Project X has a higher IRR than project Y, indicating it is superior. Bond prices are computed using semi-annual compounding, showing that bond 1's price falls less than bond 2's due to its shorter maturity. The assignment also notes that the price of both bonds will increase over time as they approach their maturity dates.

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Question 3
a) I) Payback period calculation for project X
Initial investment = $ 40,000
Total cash outflow in first two years = 12000 + 18000 = $ 30,000
Investment still to be recovered at the end of t=2 years = 40000-30000 = $10,000
Time in the 3rd year required to recover the pending investment = (10000/27000) = 0.37
Hence, total payback period = 2+0.37 = 2.37 years
Payback period calculation for project Y
Initial investment = $ 40,000
Total cash outflow in first two years = 18000 + 18000 = $ 36,000
Investment still to be recovered at the end of t=2 years = 40000-36000 = $4,000
Time in the 3rd year required to recover the pending investment = (4000/18000) = 0.22
Hence, total payback period = 2+0.22 = 2.22 years
Since the payback period of project Y is lesser than project X, hence project Y would be the
preferred one.
ii) In the given case, since the cashflows tend to occur only at the end of the year, hence, the
payback period for both the projects would be three years as only when the third year cash
inflow would be received at the end of the year would the original investment or cash outflow
would be recovered. As a result, in such a situation decision making cannot be carried out
using this metric.
(iii) The relevant computation of NPV of the two projects for the different values of discount
rates is summarised below.
Discoun
t NPV ($)
Rate(%
)
Project
X Project Y
5 11078.7
2 9018.47

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10 6070.62 4763.34
15 1798.31 1098.05
20 -1875 -2083.33
The requisite graph is indicated below.
(iv) The IRR is defined as the discount rate for which the NPV becomes equal to zero.
IRR calculation for project X
The following table aids in the computation of IRR for this project.
IRR = 17.4%
IRR calculation for project Y
The following table aids in the computation of IRR for this project.

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IRR =16.6%
(v) The requisite graph with the crossover point is indicated below.
The crossover point is 22.48%.
(vi) Based on the IRR computed above for the two projects, it is apparent that project X is
superior in comparison to project Y. This is also supported by the respective NPV values for
the two projects for any particular value of the discount rate as exhibited from the graph. The
payback period would not be considered here as it is not a reliable measure since it tends to
ignore the time value of money.
(b) (i) The relevant details for the two bonds are highlighted below.
Face value or Par value = $ 100,000
Coupon = 6% per annum paid half yearly or $3,000 per half year
Current interest rate = 8% pa to be compounded semi annually
Bond 1 maturity date = 15 August 2020
Bond 2 maturity date = 15 August 2023
Crossover Point

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The price of bond 1 as on August 15, 2017 after receiving the interest or coupon can be
computed as shown below.
Hence, the price of bond 1 as on August 15, 2017 would be $ 94,757.86
The price of bond 1 as on August 15, 2017 after receiving the interest or coupon can be
computed as shown below.
Hence, the price of bond 2 as on August 15, 2017 would be $ 90,614.93
(ii) It is apparent from the above computation that the fall in price for bond 1 has been
comparatively less than the corresponding fall in price for bond 2. This is expected as the
maturity period of bond 1 at present is lesser as compared to the maturity of bond 2. At the
time of maturity, the bond price automatically aligns with the par value. Hence, keeping other
things constant, the deviation from the par value tends to increase with higher maturity
period.

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(iii) It is apparent that the price for the bonds would be higher than their corresponding price
on August 15, 2017
= $ 2,935.5
Price of bond 1= 94,757.86*(1+(4/18400))84 = $96,503.93
Price of bond 2= 90,614.93*(1+(4/18400))84 = $ 92,284.65