Financial Management Assignment for BUACC3701 Semester 2, 2018

This assignment covers various topics related to financial management such as market value capital structure, flotation cost, after-tax cost of financing, capital asset pricing model, growth factor, breakeven points, WACC, investment decision, EPS impact of funding options, heuristic representativeness, and gambler’s fallacy. It includes tables and computations to explain the concepts and provide a better understanding of the subject. The assignment is for BUACC3701 Financial Management course in Semester 2, 2018.

BUACC3701 FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT
ASSIGNMENT
SEMESTER 2, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Question 1..................................................................................................................................3
1..............................................................................................................................................3
2..............................................................................................................................................3
3..............................................................................................................................................3
4..............................................................................................................................................3
5..............................................................................................................................................3
6..............................................................................................................................................3
7..............................................................................................................................................3
8..............................................................................................................................................3
9..............................................................................................................................................3
10............................................................................................................................................3
11............................................................................................................................................3
12............................................................................................................................................3
13............................................................................................................................................3
Question 2..................................................................................................................................4
(i)............................................................................................................................................4
Part A.................................................................................................................................4
Part B..................................................................................................................................4
(ii)...........................................................................................................................................4
Part A.................................................................................................................................4
Part B..................................................................................................................................4
Part C..................................................................................................................................4
Question 3..................................................................................................................................5
Part B......................................................................................................................................5
Part D.....................................................................................................................................5

Part E......................................................................................................................................5
References..................................................................................................................................6

QUESTION 1
1
Highsky's Existing Market Value Capital Structure
Particulars Market Price/Share (In $)
No. of Shares
(In $) Amount (In $)
Preference Shares 19.16 80000 15,32,800.00
Ordinary Shares 15.37 100000 15,37,000.00
Debentures / Bonds 210.29 7500 15,77,175.00
46,46,975.00
2
In accordance to Damodaran (2016), flotation cost can be referred to as an expense which is
incurred during the process of raising additional capital. The amount of flotation cost is
usually relating to the amount and type of capital which is being raised. The treatment
followed by the company to adjust cash flow against flotation cost is appropriate because of
the flotation cost of projects actually affected as a reduction in initial cash flow. Thus, in this
method first NPV of the project is calculated, and then flotation cost is reduced. Due to same
reason, it is preferred by the analyst.
3
Table 1: Computation of after-tax cost of each source of financing
Particulars
Amount
Financed
(In $)
Interest
(In $)
Tax
(In $)
After
Tax Cost
Long-Term Debt
5,00,
000.00 62500
18,750.0
0
43,7
50.00
Preference Share Capital
5,0
0,000.00 45668.05 - 45668.05
Annual Dividend / Market Price
of Preference Share 1.75/$19.16
Ordinary Equity
5,0
0,000.00
A dividend of next year/
Current Price * growth rate
5,0
0,000.00
60,000.
00
60,0
00.00
Notes related to growth rate

Year Amount (In $)
2014 0.01
(0.832-0.825)/0.825
2015 0.11
(0.921-0.832)/0.832
2016 0.07
(0.982-0.921)/0.921
2017 0.02
(1-0.982)/0.982
Average growth rate 0.05
(0.01+0.11+0.07+0.02)/4
4
According to Cornwall, Vang and Hartman (2016), capital asset pricing model refers to a
model which expresses the connection between systematic risk and anticipated return for
assets, especially inventories. Further, it is widely utilized during the finance for the pricing
of perilous securities, producing an anticipated return for assets specified the risk of those
assets and estimating the cost of capital. In accordance with this method the cost of equity is:
Ke = Krf + b (Km - Krf)
Ke = cost of equity
Krf = Risk-free rate
Km = Equity market required to return, i.e. expected return on the market portfolio
b = beta
5
The growth factor is believed to be a key variant in evaluating the value of common stock
(Albuquerque, Eichenbaum, Luo and Rebelo, 2016). The most common method applied for
selecting growth rate for a company is to utilize the estimate of the analyst. Another method
which can be applied for calculation of growth rate is
= Current EPS – Prior EPS / Prior EPS.

In order to apply this method in a case when data of more than two years are available than
taking growth in earning from the first year to last year and then divide same with no. of
years. Every method has its own limitation thus in the present method is wide fluctuation in
annual EPS, and the impact of compounding effect of the growth rate of EPS is not
considered while calculating growth rate.
6 and 7
Calculation of breakeven points
Particular Debt Preference share Equity share
Fixed Cost $56,465.50 $13125 $ 13,125.00
Preference Dividend Before Tax $300,000.00 $485668 $ 300,000.00
Break even points $ 356,465.50 $ 498,793.00 $ 313,125.00
Working
Debenture
Interest after
tax
Old @12.5%
$
150,000.00 13125
New(350000@12.5% &
150000@12.11&
$
500,000.00 43340.5
Total Interest 56465.5
8
WACC if Debt is used
Source of
finance
Market price Number of
share
value Weight
Co
st
Weighted
cost
Equity $ 100000 $ 0.409512 12 4.91%

15.37 1,537,000.
00
575 %
Debt $
210.29
3250 $
683,442.50
0.182093
883
9% 1.64%
preference
share
19.16 80000 $
1,532,800.
00
0.408393
542
9% 3.68%
WACC 1 10%
WACC if preference is used
Source of
finance
Equity $
15.37
100000 $
1,537,000.
00
0.397550
265
12
%
4.77%
Debt $
210.29
750 $
157,717.50
0.040794
166
9% 0.37%
preference
share
$
19.16
113333 $
2,171,460.
28
0.561655
569
9% 5.05%
1 10%
WACC if equity is used
Source of
finance
Equity $
15.37
60000 $
922,200.00
0.768552
838
12
%
9.22%
Debt $
210.29
750 $
157,717.50
0.131440
287
9% 1.18%
preference
share
$
19.16
80000 $
120,000.00
0.100006
875
9% 0.90%
1 11%

9
Figure 1: company’s weighted marginal cost of capital (WMCC)
10
By considering the IRR of the available projects following is the ranking of available
projects:
Project Cost Return
F $500,000 10.11%
B $200,000 10.06%
D $500,000 10%
E $300,000 9.99%
G $500,000 9.81%
C $800,000 9.83%
A $400,000 6.51%
Company should select project on the basis of IRR, to generate higher returns.
11
Table 2: Investment decision on marginal basis
Project Cost Return
B $200,000 10.06%

E $300,000 9.99%
A $400,000 6.51%
F $500,000 10.11%
D $500,000 10%
G $500,000 9.81%
C $800,000 9.83%
Company will invest in project B but not in Project E and A, because despite of increase in
capital there is reduction in return. Further, they will invest inn Project F as with the increase
in invested amount there is increase in return and remaining projects will be rejected because
despite of increase in capital there is reduction in return.
12
WACC as per given ratio
Source Cost Weight
Weighted
cost
60% Debt 9% 0.6 5.40%
20% preference share 9% 0.2 1.80%
20% equity 12% 0.2 2.40%
WACC 9.60%
13
Above shown capital structure is more appropriate because; it have reduced WACC in
comparison to previous capital structure.

QUESTION 2
(i)
Table 3: Statement showing Impact of funding options on EPS (In $)
Particulars
Current Situation
Option A
(Financed
through the
issue of New
Equity
Shares)
Option B
(Financed
through raising
new debt at
10%)
Earnings Before Interest and
Taxes $350,000.00 $450,000.00 $ 450,000.00
Interest on Bonds $16,000.00 $ 16,000.00 $ 16,000.00
Interest on Debt $ - - $ 50,000.00
Earning Before Tax $ 334,000.00 $ 434,000.00 $ 384,000.00
Tax $ 100,200.00 $ 130,200.00 $ 115,200.00
Earnings After Tax $ 233,800.00 $303,800.00 $268,800.00
Preference Dividend $150,000.00 $150,000.00 $150,000.00
Earnings Available for Equity
Shareholders $83,800.00 $153,800.00 $118,800.00
Number of Equity Shares 250000.00 500000.00 250000.00
Earnings per Share $ 0.34 $ 0.31 $ 0.48
Part A
As per the above statement, it can be noticed that if funds are raised by issuing new equity
shares, then EPS will be decreased to $0.31 from $0.34
Part B
As per the above statement, it can be noticed that if funds are raised by raising debt, then EPS
will be increased to $0.48 from $0.34
(ii)
Part A
Table 4: Statement Showing EPS with increased EBIT with both the Finance Alternatives
Particulars
Financed
Through Shares
Financed
Through Loan
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes $600,000.00 $600,000.00
Interest on Bonds $16,000.00 $ 16,000.00

Interest on Debt $ - $50,000.00
Earning Before Tax $ 584,000.00 $ 534,000.00
Tax $ 175,200.00 $ 160,200.00
Earnings After Tax $408,800.00 $ 373,800.00
Preference Dividend $ 150,000.00 $150,000.00
Earnings Available for Equity Shareholders $258,800.00 $ 223,800.00
Number of Equity Shares 500000.00 250000.00
Earnings per Share $ 0.52 $0.90
Part B
Table 5: Statement Showing EPS with decreased EBIT with both the Finance Alternatives
Particulars
Financed Through
Shares
Financed Through
Loan
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes $320,000.00 $320,000.00
Interest on Bonds $16,000.00 $ 16,000.00
Interest on Debt $ - $ 50,000.00
Earning Before Tax $ 304,000.00 $254,000.00
Tax $91,200.00 $76,200.00
Earnings After Tax $212,800.00 $177,800.00
Preference Dividend $150,000.00 $150,000.00
Earnings Available for Equity
Shareholders $62,800.00 $27,800.00
Number of Equity Shares 500000.00 250000.00
Earnings per Share $ 0.13 $ 0.11
Part C
Table 6: Statement showing Computation of Indifference Point
The point of indifference can be computed by making use of the following formula:

(X - 16000 ) (1 - 0.3) - 150000/250000 = (X - 66000) (1 - 0.3) - 150000/ 500000
(.7x-11200)-150000=(1.4x-92400)-300000
.7x-112000+150000=1.4x-92400
.7x+231000=1.4x
x=330285.714
At this EBIT, there will make no difference whether funding is done through equity source or
debt source.
QUESTION 3
Part B
The heuristic representativeness results in a misconception of probability called gambler’s
fallacy; this is considered as the belief that when the sequence of trails has all the similar
results, then the reverse result is more expected to take place in the next chance, as common
changes are apparent to be more representative. In a situation where then is a long-term of the
red held on the roulette when, then it is the possibility of a gambler to pick the black ball
without considering that the roulette has an absence of memory and is not considered as self-
correct, so it is more likely to pick black ball after winning several red balls (Tversky and
Kahneman, 1974). However, I am up for the next bet; I will select red it is because black is
not the right choice merely on the basis of the fact that red had occurred previously as each
turn is not affected by the previous turn, and it is independent in nature.
Part D
In this case, it was stated about an individual in the samples whose name was Ben; he was 30
years old, motivated and highly able, well-liked and successful. By considering this case, it
was judged that the possibility that Ben was a lawyer to be 50%, despite the fact that if or if
not sampling of him was done from the population. The base rate was ignored by the subjects

and judgement on the description was made, as there was there was equal representation of
the lawyer and an engineer. It tends that the fact that distributed the subjects were the
narrative information, making a comparison of their samples through representativeness
judgements and neglecting the earlier possibilities (Tversky and Kahneman, 1980).
Part E
An associated bias, in this case, is probability matching; it takes place when choice differ
when it comes to the probability of various events; a distinguishing has been made by the
author on rate overlook and probability matching. Furthermore, the rate neglect base is
engaged with the discounting the comparative frequency while there is the occurrence of an
event. However, the probability matching takes place when the probabilities of the different
events are reflected by reactions instead of the probability of a particular event (Sniezek and
Henry, 1989). As in the question, the bomber pilots were permitted to take either a flak jacket
or a parachute at each turn; it is because it possesses so much weight to carry both. Attacked
repeatedly from the enemies, states that it would be more likely to be shot down, the flak
jacket comparatively provides better safety when it comes to guns, while the parachute
provides better safety in terms of being shot down. In an objective manner, the gunshot of the
enemy was more expected, and it is more effective to take the flak jacket because of its
probability and protection. Thus, the flak jacket would be considered by me three times, and
on the last fourth chance, the parachute will be taken.

REFERENCES
Albuquerque, R., Eichenbaum, M., Luo, V.X. and Rebelo, S., (2016). Valuation risk and
asset pricing. The Journal of Finance, 71(6), pp.2861-2904.
Cornwall, J.R., Vang, D.O. and Hartman, J.M., (2016). Entrepreneurial financial
management: An applied approach. Routledge.
Damodaran, A., (2016). Damodaran on valuation: security analysis for investment and
corporate finance (Vol. 324). John Wiley & Sons.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and
biases. science, 185(4157), 1124-1131.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1980). Causal schemas in judgments under
uncertainty. Progress in social psychology, 1, 49-72.
Sniezek, J. A., & Henry, R. A. (1989). Accuracy and confidence in group
judgment. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 43(1), 1-28.