Financial Performance Management: Methods and Analysis

This report discusses the concept of financial performance management and various methods used for calculations. It also explores the analysis results based on labor hours and activity-based costing approach. Additionally, it highlights the importance of sensitivity analysis in coping with uncertainties. The report further examines the calculation of variances and identifies problems with the current system. Lastly, it critically discusses the limitations of zero-based budgeting and incremental budgeting in planning, coordination, and control.

Financial Performance
Management

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................4
QUESTION 1.................................................................................................................................................4
(a) Calculate cost per unit on basis of labor hours...................................................................................4
(b) Calculate cost per unit on basis of activity based costing approach...................................................5
(c) Analysis results on basis of labor hours and activity based costing approach....................................7
(d) Sensitivity analysis help managers to cope with uncertainties ..........................................................8
QUESTION 2.................................................................................................................................................8
(a) Calculation of variances......................................................................................................................8
(b) Problems with current system of calculating and reporting variances...............................................9
QUESTION 3...............................................................................................................................................10
Critically discussed neither ZBB nor the IB provides the perfect toll for planning coordination and
control...................................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Financial Performance is large framework which is used by the entity for financial
objectives and achieved for financial risk management. In the procedure analyzing of all
outcomes that important for firm policies as well as operations in monetary terms. In a business
entity identify different types of financial activity that impact on the business positive and
negative. Thus, it is required top manage these activities in proper manner (Zhou, Mavondo, and
Saunders, 2019). For this apply the concept of financial performance management and measure
firm’s overall financial health in specified period of time. This report based on the financial
performance activities and consist of different methods that use for the calculations. Along with
apply sensitivity analysis for reduce uncertainties and select right method for the calculations. At
the end of the report analysis of different budgeting method like Zero based budgeting and
incremental budgeting to conduct business operations.
QUESTION 1
(a) Calculate cost per unit on basis of labor hours
Total Overhead cost
Setup costs 120000
Receiving 30000
Despatch 15000
Machining 65000
230000
Overhead absorption rate:
Lipstick Lip-balm Lip-

gloss
Production Volume 30000 35000 3000
Labour hour per unit 3 2 2
total labour hours 90000 70000 6000
16600
0
Total Overhead rate
230000 /
166000 = 1.3855
Cost per unit:
Lipstick Lip-balm
Lip-
gloss
Sales 22 26 24
Raw material 5 10 10
Labour cost 5 5 5
Overheads rate 4.16 2.77 2.77
Cost 14.16 17.77 17.77
Profit per unit 7.84 8.23 6.23
Units 30000 35000 3000
Profit 235301.20 288012.05 18686.75

(b) Calculate cost per unit on basis of activity based costing approach
Cost
Driver
Setup costs 120000 25 setups
Receiving 30000 22 deliveries
Despatch 15000 50 despatched
Machining 65000 12 machining
Cost driver data:
Machine hours per unit 4 4 4
Number of setups 10 14 1
Number of deliveries received 10 10 2
Number of orders despatched 20
20 10 20 20 10
Cost per setup
120000/2
5 4800
Cost per receiving activity
30000 /
22 1363.6364
Cost per despatch
15000 /
50 300

Cost per machining activity
65000 /
12 5416.6667
Allocation of overheads to each
product
Lipstick Lip-balm Lip-gloss
Setup costs 48000 67200 4800 120000
Receiving 13636.4 13636.4 2727.28 30000
Despatch 6000 6000 3000 15000
Machining 21666.667 21666.667 21666.67 65000
89303.067 108503.07 32193.95
Production Volume 30000 35000 3000
Overhead cost per unit 2.9767689 3.1000876 10.73132
Sales price (per unit) 22 26 24
Material cost (per unit) 5 10 10
Labour hours (per unit) 3 2 2
Overhead cost per unit 2.98 3.10 10.73

Profit 11.02 10.90 1.27
(c) Analysis results on basis of labor hours and activity based costing approach
As per the computation it is analyzed that for the calculation of cost per unit use two
methods which are labor hours and activity based costing approach. From the both methods get
different results and identify differences in profitability because of changes in absorption cost.
On the bases of labor hour get results of 7.84, 8.23 and 6.23 continuously and by the method of
activity based costing get results of 11.02, 10.09 and 1.27 respectively.
Labor hour mainly used for the industry labor intensive and identified skills, semi skills
and unskilled people. In this methods consist of all the activities that related with labor like direct
labor, materials and various types of expenditure such as, direct as well as indirect expenditure. It
is easy method that supports in effective sales price of items on the other side absorption costing
needed to provide fixed production overheads to recognize expenses of each item (Wang, Akbar
and Akbar, 2020).
Activity based costing methods is use by the entity for analysis reliable overhead cost by
attributed them to operations. After the allocation specify the cost objectives to manage all
operational activities. The main objective of this technique to reduce the cost at the time of
manufacturing that helps to generate more profitability in positive manner. Id entity installed
ABC system so it carries out effective results and take right decision on right time. Such as, after
the overall analysis it is understanding that activity based method is most effective method that
should use by the company for comprehensive analysis (Su, Liu and Teng, 2020).
(d) Sensitivity analysis help managers to cope with uncertainties
Sensitivity analysis is the technique identify uncertainty in the mathematical model which
impact input variables into output variables. This analysis helps in various situations forecasting
share prices in the market of companies which are listed on stock exchange and determine
interest rates which acts on bond prices. Sensitivity analysis is based on historical data. It helps
investors to ascertain different changes on their investment return. It is useful to predict and
make decisions about business operations, wealth and investment.

Sensitivity analysis helps managers to make strategic decisions and improve past
performance of the business to reduce uncertainty in the company. This analysis is determined
by manager before accomplish a new project. It assess risk in a new project which involved risk
in a project. This helps managers to solve the problems in changes of any variables with affect
the profit of the company. This evaluation helps manager to identify the inaccuracy in data which
impacts the outcome of model. Managers can cope up with the uncertainties in identifying key
assumptions, optimizing resource allocation which increase the input variations. It analyse the
variables and financial aspects are ascertained the way that changes one variable and impact final
outcome. It is the tool to assess the uncertainty analysis to make policy decisions which are
based on assumptions related to input variables which are used in mathematical calculations. If
manager determine uncertainty in asset which can be figure out when they analyse profits and
return of the company.(Bendickson and Chandler, 2019)
QUESTION 2
(a) Calculation of variances
(i) The material usage variance for each ingredient and in total
Should use
(KG)
Did use
(KG)
Difference(KG
)
Standard
cost/kg
($) Variance($)
Alpha 1840 2200 360A 2 720A
Beta 2760 2500 260F 5 1300F
Gamma 920 920 1
5520 5620 580F
(ii) The total material Mix variance.
AQSM AQAM
Difference(KG
)
Standard
cost/kg
($) Variance($)
Alpha 1873.33 2200 326.67A 2 653.34A
Beta 2810 2500 310F 5 1550F

Gamma 963.67 920 16.67F 1 16.67
5620 5620 913.33F
(iii) Yield variance
SQSM AQSM Difference(KG)
Std
cost/kg
($) Variance($)
Alpha 1840
1873.3
3 33.33A 2 66.66A
Beta 2760 2810 50A 5 250A
Gamma 920 936.67 16.67A 1 16.67
5520 5620 333.33A
Alternative solution:
5,620 kg input should produce 4,683·
33 kg of Omega 5,620 kg input did produce 4,600 kg of Omega
Difference = 83·33kg x $4 per kg ($400/100 kg) = $333·32 A
(b) Problems with current system of calculating and reporting variances
The raw material price variances consist of in the reporting format that are probably
outside the manager can control different activities and become more responsible of the
purchasing manager. Moreover, the production manager is not take responsibility in setting of
standard mix. Along with holding managers is responsible for the different variances they cannot
control is demotivating. It presents that there is no use of different planning variances. Prices as
well as quality of such three materials are instable and using ex prices and also usage different
standards that provides distorted framework of mix and yield variances. It is not easy to identify
non controllable planning variances easily (Javed and et.al, 2020).
Moreover, standard mix of the item has not modified in 5 years in the quality and price of
intergradient. It can also lead the manufacturing manager to attempt control action plan that

depend on the different variances and it is computed on basis of different standards that are out
of date. In the context of kappa Co does not provide any feedback and commentary in regard of
business because of lacking of true picture is taking by production manager’s performance.
There is also not following particular procedure for variance calculation. As Kappa Co does not
presents to place more advantage on the variances and the production manager do not encourage
to control cost and become complacent that could negatively impact on Kappa Company overall.
QUESTION 3
Critically discussed neither ZBB nor the IB provides the perfect toll for planning coordination
and control
Zero base budgeting: Zero base budgeting is the approach for making budget for
expenses for the functions for the company which helps for analyses the needs for the company
which helps for the profits. It helps for the strategic goals which are includes for budgeting
process for the functional areas for the company it includes various expenses which company
makes for it for running its activities (Gao, Yang and Hafsi, 2019). These budgets help
companies for its better performance which helps for higher profitability for the businesses. It
helps for lower costs which helps for higher profitability for the businesses. It is the method for
the giving funds for better performance for the company. It helps for final performance for the
company's business strategies, it helps for collaboration for the company, it helps for the
improvement for performance, it helps for higher profitability, it avoids traditional budgeting.
The company's use it for making its strategies better which helps its for its higher profitability.
These budgeting helps companies for their higher profits. Incremental budgeting analyses
expenses which are views additional, zero base budgeting includes various expenses which are
includes for the activities which runs for the company. It helps for running activities for the
company which helps for better performance which helps for the higher profitability for the
businesses. Company's use it for their better performance for now its various costs which
includes for its activities which helps it for making decisions. The company use the various costs
for its profitability which businesses includes for their performance which views profits for the
businesses. It helps businesses for the making financial statements for it which views its
expenses, income, profits, liabilities, assets for the company. Incremental budget includes those
values which are includes for the additional, zero base budget includes various values for the

company's activities. It includes various expenses for the company’s profits which helps for
better performance for higher profitability for the businesses (Ramli, Latan and Solovida, 2019).
Incremental budget: This is part of budgeting method in which manager formulate
budget on the basis of adding increment of amount or value in the data of previous budget. These
types of budget are mainly concern with the incremental amount of values. Resource are
allocated on the basis of reviewing previous data. incremental budget is focus on control and
eliminate cost of spending of wastage of business activities thus on the basis of that resource are
distributed by recognize value of changes.
It is considering as one of the useful budget which help in provide accurate business
information related with future. These types of budget are generally formulated for organizations
which run their business in international market. The main advantage of formulation of this
budget is that manager able to effectively and accurately show the real value of performs acre.
By formulation of this budget manager able to find stable result as well as control conflicts arises
due to mismanagement of business activities (Van Vu and et.al, 2018).
Incremental budget is prepared after recognize changes in value and items thus it provides
accurate and reliable information.
CONCLUSION
As per the above report it has been analyzed that financial performance management is
important term of any organization that utilized to effectively manage all the business activities.
There is calculation cost per unit by different methods and analysis results and get that activity
based costing approach is good that helps to conduct business activities and carry out outcomes
properly. Along with it is identified that incremental budget used by the organizations in broad
manner to predict future profit and expenses.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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