This assignment delves into various philosophies of punishment within the criminal justice system, including rehabilitation, deterrence, retribution, incapacitation, and restoration. It examines the concept of modernism and its evolution in prison practices, highlighting the shift from corporal punishment to imprisonment as a primary form of correction. The paper further analyzes the impact of punitive attitudes on public perception and policy decisions, considering sociological perspectives and the role of socio-economic factors in shaping attitudes towards crime and punishment.