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Five Philosophies of Punishment Practiced in Criminal Justice System

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Added on  2020-05-16

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REFLECTIVE JOURNAL 4 REFLECTIVE JOURNAL Reflective journal Name of the Student Name of the University Author note Five philosophies of punishment are practiced in criminal justice system; rehabilitation, deterrence, criminality, incapacitation and restoration with a philosophy for preventing criminal offenses to occur. Rehabilitation explains that crime is committed by sick person or criminal due to psychological or physical problems therefore need to be rehabilitated and released from prison. These theories are applied by judges while sentencing offenders and use penalties suiting the

Five Philosophies of Punishment Practiced in Criminal Justice System

   Added on 2020-05-16

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Running head: REFLECTIVE JOURNALReflective journalName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor note
Five Philosophies of Punishment Practiced in Criminal Justice System_1
1REFLECTIVE JOURNAL1.Five philosophies of punishment are practiced in criminal justice system; rehabilitation,deterrence, retribution, incapacitation and restoration with a philosophy for preventingcriminal offenses to occur. Deterrence tries to convince individuals not to violate laws orcommit crimes. Rehabilitation explains that crime is committed by sick person orcriminal due to psychological or physical problems therefore need to be rehabilitated andreleased from prison. Incapacitation explains that it is important to isolate offenders toprevent crimes from society and should be kept in prisons. Retribution justifiespunishment described as penalty being a concept in criminal punishment. This theoryexplains that offender need to be punished by taking away their opportunities gainedthrough illegal or criminal acts. Finally, restoration explains that when a crime iscommitted, criminal offender need to pay for the loss of property or any damage caused(Harrison 1990). These theories are applied by judges while sentencing offenders and usepenalties suiting the criminal offense without any influence from political, social, ethicalor moral factors. 2. Modernism is the recap of all economic, social and political changes that took place inprison in the face of punishment. As explained by Cohen 1986, prison is a mechanism ofprogress in the civilising process. In context to modernism, during the 18th century(1750s-1970s), liberalism was defined by utilitarian aspects of punishment justified asoffenders who broke ‘social contract’. Later, penal modernism moved from punishmentof body to imprisonment being the main form of punishment for offenders whocommitted crimes. Punishment was aimed at making bad people good and makes themculturally acceptable inflicting punishment of the body. During the 18th and 19th century,the modern society viewed punishment through which reproach or disapproval isexpressed (Cohen-Charash and Spector 2001). Punishment inside prison is not aimed atcausing pain rather convey a strong signal to offender that pain is the repercussion orconsequence of punishment, although not an essential element. The theory of politics ofpunitiveness posits that state’s political environment greatly influence the degree towhich it incarcerate citizens, political determinants of state being conditional. Frompolitical psychology, punitiveness is grounded popular idea of conservative moral valuesand concerns in collective cohesion and security. Conservatism is embedded in ideologyof punishment suggesting that people commit crime that lack self-control and moral
Five Philosophies of Punishment Practiced in Criminal Justice System_2

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