Fluid and Electrolytes Assignment
Added on 2021-04-24
11 Pages783 Words105 Views
Fluid and Electrolytes: Balance and Disturbance- SCMr. smith is at the extreme of age. Renal senescence is a common occurrence which presents with defects in the urine concentration leading to increased waterloss. Defects in salt elimination may lead to sodium ion accumulation. May present as either hypernatremia or hyponatremia. Hormonal control defects are also common among aged. The amount of ANP produced increases significantly to about five folds in the aged than young. Defects in osmoregulatorymechanism iscommon withdefect in opioidmediated thirstcenters in brain.Vomiting leads toloss of watercausingdehydration andloss of electrolytescausing animbalance. Ionsfrom gastricsecretions arelost. Sodium,potassium,calcium andmagnesium arelost. Loss of HCLmay lead tometabolicalkalosis with lowchloride levels.1 | P a g e
Diarrhea leads to loss of electrolytes released from the digestive secretions and those that fail to be absorbed from the food. Insensible water loss from feces is significantly increased leading to dehydration.Furosemide is a loop diuretic. It selectively inhibits the thick ascending limb’s sodium chloride reabsorption through the sodium potassium chloride transporter. This leads to diuresis with loss of salt. Decreased lumen positive potential resulting from potassium recycling is diminished leading to increased magnesium and calcium ion loss.Lisinopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. It prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and hence the subsequent production of aldosterone. This leads loss of salt which is accompanied by increased reabsorption in other parts of nephron with increased potassium secretion. Generally, achieves diuresis and hypokalemia may also ensueThe renal system is involved in water and salt excess excretion to maintain homeostasis. Renal failure leads to impairment of these functions leading to water and electrolyte levels higher than the normal range.2 | P a g e
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Choose the correctitems for each catego4 | P a g eJugular venous distensionHypertensionEdemaWeight gainCrackles on auscultationInelastic skinOliguriaThirsthypotension
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