Fluid Machinery: An Introduction and Executive Summary

This document provides an introduction to fluid machinery, exploring its definition, purpose, history, evolution, and applications. It delves into the fundamental principles behind fluid machines, highlighting their role in converting fluid energy into mechanical energy. The document also discusses the various types of fluid machines, their uses in different industries, and the importance of hydraulic test rigs in evaluating their performance. The executive summary provides a concise overview of the key points covered in the document.

Fluid Machinery – Introduction and
Executive Summary

What is this:
A device that is used in the conversion process of fluid energy into mechanical energy is called a
fluid machine. Fluid is a state of matter that is either gas liquid. It works with the surface effects.
The energy of the machine is store by fluid mass that is represented in the form of kinetic,
potential and intermolecular energy. The rotating shaft is used transmitted the mechanical
energy. A machine that is used liquid (water) for the practical purpose as called as hydraulic
machines. The hydraulic test rig is a piece of machine that used to access and tests the
performance and capability of the components that used in industry. The test rig is also called as
test the test bay, testing station, test bench and pressure test facility. The concept of the fluid
machine includes mathematical operations and physical concept. These machines are based on
the direction of energy transfer and flow of energy. It depends on physical propensities
compressible and incompressible (hydrotecnik, 2018).
Why it is invented:
 The purpose to design this type of machine is to control the motion of cylinder.
 Many numbers of fluids produce heat when they burnt, for examples, petrol and diesel.it
is invented to test the amount in a wide variety of hydraulic to aerospace.
 It is invented for the energy-transmission phases in defence, industries and agriculture
areas. Aircraft are also used in the hydraulic rigs system to activate the control on the
break and to operate the landing gears.
 The cylinder used to bottom out, extend and to hold the pressure for some time on the
plates. During this time period, maintain the pressure between the plates. In the past, it is
not possible to develop velocities and pressure but after that, Pascal and Bernoulli
invention, the pumps used for the pressure and velocities.
Who invented:
 It was invented by Bill Moog in 1950s. The technique of the hydraulic rigs is easy and
smooth.
 The current system of the rigs is invented in the 1980s. The basic principle of the
hydraulic rigs is explained here.
 Archimedes postulates the parallelogram law of vector addition and after that in 282-121
B.C., the hero of Alexandria invent the law of buoyancy that applies on the submerged
and floating bodies.
 The law of motions postulated by Sir Isaac Newton for the viscosity of linear fluids that
is known as a Newtonian fluid. In the eighteenth century, Bernoulli, Leonard Euler and
Jean D’ Alembert invent the solution of problems of frictionless.
 Their equations for motions are called as Bernoulli’s equations. In the nineteenth century,
the law of model testing developed by William Froude.

 The present state of the art in fluid mechanics is developed by the Von Karman and Sir
Geoffrey I. Taylor (TIAB, 2018).
How it evolved into current system:
It used small electric motors that are completely related to the current system. Use in the electric
signals with a digital controller. Scientist continues research on hydrologic tubes, air pressure,
pipes and different terms related to the fluid machinery. End of the result, the invention of fluid
machinery comes true. The formula based on the Bernoulli’s principles that state for the changes
in movement; the fluid remains the same in dynamic pressure and sum of static. The current
system of the water pressure uses the test rigs for data logging and testing of valve leakage with
the pressure integrity.
What are the uses?
 It used in electric actuation that has a limited application which can be run at low speed.
 It includes the vibraphones and application of low load. Servo-hydraulic power consume
system is very efficient to use.
 It utilizes the high-grade raw materials and uses highly advances technology.
 The test rigs for the hydraulic valves are known for handling pressure and hydraulic flow in
the hydraulic system (Apexhydraulics, 2018).
 It used in the missile systems in many situations like, in the equipment of ground-support and
to utilize the fluid power.
 In the field of automobile, use the hydraulic power system in breaks, mechanism of steering
and in their transmission.in the different industry, its uses for the mass production,
automation and as the utilization of fluid power system.
 The fluid machinery used in water turbines to measure the pressure of water and to control it.
It used in the utilization of the turbines to produce electric power. Dam is used for storage of
the water. To control the flow of water, fluid machinery or hydraulic power is used.
 Some other elements are also using the fluid machinery like valves and gates of the dam. The
gates use the machine for protection from trash cracks, heat against ice troubles and others.
The other uses of the fluid machines are in powerhouse in the form of genitors, turbine and to
operate other accessories. In the process of generation and transmission of electric power with
generating the machines, transmission lines, transformers and in switching equipment, use the
fluid machinery. Another area where the fluid machines are used is air conditioners and
refrigerators. The air conditioner absorbs heat from the room and throws it to the outside of the
room and keep the room cool. The thermal power plant works on the principle of fluid machines.
As well as the nuclear power plants is also a part of fluid machines. Another use of fluid
machines is to operate various instruments and heat engines (Majeed, n.d.).

Executive Summary:
 The research completed on the hydraulic rigs which transmitting three powers, fluid,
mechanical and electrical.
 Hydraulic rigs are good to study and it analyzes the circuit.
 The rigs have different components which need to design a circuit diagram. The aim is
completed with theoretical knowledge.
Procedure:
 Use appropriate documentation like instruction, system test and others.
 Maintain an environment of safe working with testing activities.
 Obtain tool for activity and check the conditions like safe, usable conditions and tested.
 Continue the test with specific procedure and techniques
 Leave the area of work with aircraft in proper condition and free from design.
Why are you doing this test?
This test is used to create the durability and fatigue testing. There are various examples of tests
that are used by hydraulic rigs, like,
 Aircraft of military hydraulic test rigs
 Material impact test stand
 Turbocharger oil test stand
 Test for accumulator
 Control the valve of industrial directional test
Various products used to perform validation and development like,
 Food industry
 Mining
 Oil & Gas
 Automotive industry
 Body panels, press and injection modelling
 Flood defence, flood barriers, lock gates and pumping (Hedley-hyd, 2018)
What all things we do in this test:
Here is the thing that we do in the process of hydraulic test
 Batch sampling
 Cyclic testing
 Burst testing
 Leak detection
 Research & development (hydrotechnik, 2018)

References:
 Apexhydraulics, 2018,
Hydraulic Test Rigs - Industrial Hydraulic Test Rigs Service
Provider from Chennai, viewed 17 May 2018, http://www.apexhydraulics.in/hydraulic-
test-rigs.html
 Hedley-hyd, 2018,
Hydraulic & Pneumatic Test Rigs | Hedley Hydraulics, viewed 17
May 2018, http://www.hedley-hyd.com/test-rigs.php
 Hydrotechnik, 2018,
Hydraulic and Hydrostatic Test Rigs, viewed 17 May 2018,
https://www.hydrotechnik.co.uk/hydraulic-and-hydrostatic-test-rigs
 Hydrotechnik, 2018,
Hydraulic and Hydrostatic Test Rig FAQ'S. viewed 17 May 2018,
https://www.hydrotechnik.co.uk/kb/hydraulic-and-hydrostatic-test-rig-faqs
 Majeed, D, n.d,
FLUID MACHINERY, viewed 17 May 2018,
http://uotechnology.edu.iq/dep-electromechanic/typicall/lecture%20interface/lecture/
power3-4/3rd_class/fluid,drhussein.pdf
 TIAB, 2018,
Electric v's Hydraulic in the test industry - TIAB - Test rig Controllers,
viewed 17 May 2018, http://tiab.co.uk/electric-vs-hydraulics-test-industry/