Follow Safe Work Practices for Direct Client Care - Desklib

This article covers workplace policies, potential hazards, case studies, and reporting incidents and injuries for safe work practices in direct client care. It includes information on work health and safety, Australian healthcare standards, and safety signs. The article also provides tips on how to prevent hazards and deal with incidents. Subject: Health and Safety, Course Code: NA, Course Name: NA, College/University: NA

Follow safe work
practices for direct
client care

Table of Contents
ACTIVITY ONE: WORKPLACE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR SAFE WORK
PRACTICES....................................................................................................................................1
ACTIVITIY TWO: POTENTIAL HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE.......................................3
ACTIVITY THREE: CASE STUDY..............................................................................................4
ACTIVITY FOUR: CASE STUDY................................................................................................5
ACTIVITY FIVE: REPORTING INCIDENTS AND INJURIES..................................................6
ACTIVITY SIX: MANUAL HAZARDS AND HANDLING......................................................10
ACTIVITY SEVEN: CONTROL MEASURES FOR MINIMISING MANUAL HANDLING
RISK..............................................................................................................................................11
ACTIVITY EIGHT:.......................................................................................................................13
ACTIVITY NINE: RISKS OF INFECTIONS..............................................................................14
ACTIVITY TEN: RAISING WHS (WORKPLACE HEALTH AND SAFETY) ISSUES..........16
ACTIVITY ELEVEN: DISCUSSION ABOUT HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES..................17
ACTIVITY TWELVE: DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES TO
PROMOTE SAFE WORKING ENVIRONMENT.......................................................................19
ACTIVITY THIRTEEN: WAYS TO MAINTAIN CURRENCY OF SAFE WORK PRACTICE
........................................................................................................................................................20
ACTIVITY FOURTEEN: LEVEL OF STRESS AND FATIGUE...............................................21
ACTIVITY FIFTEEN: SUSTAINBILITY...................................................................................22
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................24

ACTIVITY ONE: WORKPLACE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
1: Work health and safety is also known as occupational health and safety impacts the regulation,
control and management of health, care and safety. It ensures the safety at workplace and it is
applicable on work activities such as equipment, plant, facilities, mobile and structures out of the
work space. WHS minimizes the incidence of workplace injury, ensures staff productivity and
better employee job satisfaction, prevents costly expense in workers and makes higher resilience
for individual staff and teams. The work health and safety act 2011 makes a structure to ensure
safety, welfare and health for all the employees. Health department also ensures safety of the
workers. Common workplace of policies of health department includes non-smoking policy, anti-
discrimination and harassment policy, drug and alcohol policy, grievance handling policy, code
of conduct, recruitment policy, mobile phone policy and internet and email policy. In health
sector sometimes employees come with their mobile phones which is totally against the
workplace policy. Health department follows all the policies to make a roadmap for day-to-day
operations. Following all the work policies provides guidance in decision making and increases
productivity and morale. These policies help employees know about what they must do or do not.
Health department implement this policy to give directions, limits, principles and guidance for
decision making. Policies and acts made employees clearly understand their task and roles in
order to complete them in a given time.
2:
The director of a community service
organisation
The director of a community service
organisation is responsible for planning,
designing, coordinating and organising health
and social care programs on behalf of whole
community to reach the goals. A director also
analyses daily operations of organisation to
make it conduct in a effective way. He also
provides guidance to activities and look for
budget programmes. He ensures the
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availability of requirements in order to make
benefits.
The manager The manager is responsible for supervising
daily activities. Responsibility of a manger also
includes creating quarterly and annual budgets,
monitoring expenses and suggest cost-effective
alternatives, preparing work schedules,
Developing and implementing effective
policies for all operational procedures and
maintaining organized medical and employee
records. Manger also provides customer
services which ensures customer satisfaction.
He makes bills for daily expenditure sitting at
front office. Manger plays a crucial role for
managing highly skilled employees and
controls finance to eliminate shortage of
funding.
The worker A worker or employee working for health
department help patients to move around. He
ensures that patient is having all the medical
and daily requirements. He ensures patient is
feeling comfortable and increase patient
outcome. Sometimes if patient is having
mobility issues a health care worker feed
patient and serve meal. A health care is also
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responsible to help patients with regular
hygiene’s activities.
3: A: WHS stands for work health and safety which ensures health and safety of employees at
workplace. Work health and safety regulations 2011 are constituted under the act 2011 and it
includes a brief detail about requirements to support the duties in the Act. It describes the method
in which specific duties must be carried out (Poh, Ubeynarayana and Goh, 2018).
B: Code of practices refers to written guidelines which talks about behaviour of an employee at
workplace. Code of practices give a brief detail about safety and make employees familiar with
all the information of specific task which helps employees to achieve the goals.
C: Australian health care standards are designed with the aim to protect public health and
improve the quality of health in order to have better patient outcome. It ensures the safety and
efficacy of all the medicines and medical devices reaches to the Australians and all over the
world.
D: The Australian dietary guild lines provides instructions about the type and amount of food
which is required to maintain a healthy lifestyle. It recommends Australian to consume a
balanced diet in order to improve their health. Guidelines are always made to support legislation
and it is specific to issues related to health and safety. Guidelines changes according to the
situation in order to deal with them.
ACTIVITIY TWO: POTENTIAL HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
1: A: risk: It is defined as probability that an employee will meet with an accident or can be
harmed ever exposed to hazard. Risk can be detected in any workplace and it is required to
eliminate all the risk to make the workplace safe for all the employees. Management of risk can
be done by identifying them before any one get injured.
B: Hazards may be defined as a source by which an employee will be harmed or may have
adverse effects. That potential source can be any chemical exposure, fire hazards, electrical
hazards or repetitive motion injury.
2: By analysing above case study main hazards which are identified are short circuit of electricity
may catch fire and equipment which are left openly may cause injury. Others hazards include
loose autoclave plugs, slippery plugs and no use of gloves.
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3: The risk may be identified when Emma broken her wrist. They both were being irresponsible
and making errors which were leading to hazards and can make harm.
4: Once the whole organisation caught fire due to short circuit of electricity. One of employee
was responsible for this and immediately he got his termination letter when it got revealed.
Immediately, fire fighters were there to put out the fire. At the time of incident no, one was there
so no one got injured (Schall and et. al., 2018).
5: To report the fire hazard fire fighters were called to put on the fire and it was ensured that no
employee was there in organisation. As doors and handles were warm and smoke blocked the
primary the required and essential assets were not recovered. The hazard was also reported to
owner of the company after calling fire fighters (Longhi, Brown and Fromm Reed, 2021).
6: hazard was reported to fire fighters and fire fighters were there to put on the fire. The
responsibility of a fire fighter includes responding to emergency calls, holding nozzles and direct
water stream, use extinguishers and they also make sure that nobody is getting injured because of
fire.
ACTIVITY THREE: CASE STUDY
In the given case study, the boy was only four years old and he was an autistic child. As he
garbed my pen only I was responsible for this because I knew that child need extra support and
care. I could deal with it by calmly redirecting him with a special method of communication.
Things could make harm the child needed to keep ways from him. I have forgotten the speech
pathologist’s warning that he is particularly obsessive about certain objects and that is way this
happened. The boy was grabbing the pen so his eye or skin can be injured.
 Safety issues with an autistic child includes if the child is obsessed with a specific thing
that can make him harm too, he would not maintain the distance. Neglecting, abusing
exploiting and bullying someone in front of an autistic child can increase the risk of
mental trauma. An autistic child may throw plates or may start playing with any sharp
equipments thus he can get injury. Any stimuli can make him angry or may be it trigger
him and he would start to scream (Poh and et. al., 2018).
 To prevent the immediate situation of future escalations I need to keep that boy at safe
place so there is no any sharp equipment around him that can make harm. I need to
communicate calmly so he can stop screaming. I have to keep patience and give him time
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to relax. To deal with the current situation I need to be good listener and I would listen
whatever he says (Muzafar, 2021).
 I would like to consult with his family member as only a family member would be aware
of his behaviours and can make him calm. Consulting a pathologist would be also helpful
so he can communicate him in order to control his anger. I would also consult a friend or
a person who is close to him and can make him happy. I would consult his speech
pathologist who can make him feel comfortable.
 To ensure my own safety I would not touch his body otherwise he may get angry and can
make harm. I will make sure that sharp objects are kept away of him. I will call the senior
or whoever can deal with the situation (Muhamad Khair and et. al., 2018).
 In this situation I need to call my seniors and his parents. My responsibility is also
informing them about what happened. I need to tell them briefly about the patient's
condition.
ACTIVITY FOUR: CASE STUDY
 The possible risk includes consumption of fatty foods which may lead to minor heart
attack. As Mr. Catori was a dementia patient he can forget to take his medicines on time
and may get sick. He is also complaining of pain in his leg from cancer so he should not
drive the car otherwise he can have met with an accident. Ignoring the diet can be life
threatening for him as he is heart patient (Liu and et. al., 2019).
 Health and safety policy defines an action which ensures the health and safety of an
employee at workplace. Policies which ensures safety of employees may include
workplace safety and health, scheduled breaks, workplace violence, inform management
of potential safety hazards, maintain responsibility for the company's health and safety
policy, confidentiality and data protection, harassment and violence and workplace
harassment. Health and safety policies are implemented by the company in order to build
a safe working environment for all the employees. Health and safety policy not only
ensures the safety for employees but it is also implemented for service receivers.
 The first sign given is green first aid sign and it indicates the availability of tools, doctors,
health care professionals and other facilities whatever is required for providing first aid
care to protect or save life. It also stops situation from worsening and helps in recovery.
Second sign given is for make people aware of exposure to dangerous chemical. It
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indicates that there are some harmful chemicals are stored inside which can make injuries
when a person comes in exposure. It is required to maintain distance from such harmful
chemicals for safety purposes. Third sign is given for MSDS located here. MSDS stands
for material safety data sheet which is a document which includes all the information
about the risk and hazards at the workplace in order to inform all the employees about
risk factors. This help them to avoid the risks which may harm them. These potential
hazards may be fire or any environmental factor (Varianou-Mikellidou and et. al., 2019).
 Safety signs given at workplace may include warning signs which is indicated by- HURT
YOU. Dangers signs are indicated by KILL YOU. Prohibition signs are denoted by
CAN'T GO. Fire signs are given as FIRE EQUIP. Emergency sign are indicated by
SAFETY FIRST. Prohibition signs are also given as DO NOT ENTER. Other safety
signs include emergency exit, warning symbols, tripping hazard, toxic material, low
temperature, mandatory sign, eye and eye protection required and high voltage. These
safety signs are nothing but just instructions given to workers about the risks and hazards
which may cause injury (Kim and et. al., 2018).
ACTIVITY FIVE: REPORTING INCIDENTS AND INJURIES
worksite:
AGS Chemical PVT. LTD
Date of incident:
Time of incident:
03/06/2022
10 AM PM
Family Name of injured person: ? Supplier ? Visitor
Watson ? Administrative sta
ff
? Contractor
Given Name/s:
Shane ? Student
? Client
? Other (please specify
:
Telephone contact number: +02 5296832843
Home: Business: Mobile: [phone]
Staff ID number (where applicable): Date of Birth:
Home address:
H.no- 91C, central east, new
south wales, Sydney,
Australia.
Postcode: 1001
Sydney
Sex:
MALE FEMALE
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State/Territory: New south
wales, Australian C
Nature of severest injury (enter a number in the bo
x):
01. Fracture 05. Burn/Scald
02. Dislocation 06. Crushing
03. Strain/Sprain 07. Amputation
04. Laceration/Cut 08. Bruising
OTHER (please specify):
09. Dental injury 13. Shock
10. Overuse/RSI 14.
Concussion
11. Bite/Sting 15. Eye injury
12. Physiological 16. Head injury
Part of body most severely injured (enter a number in the box):
01. Head 08. Back 15. Genitals
02. Throat 09. Collarbone/shoulder 16. Buttocks
03. Teeth 10. Trunk (chest)
17. Leg (hip, thigh, knee, ankle)
04. Nose 11. Abdomen 18. Foot (toes)
05. Ears 12. Arm (wrist/elbow/forearm) 19. Psychological
system
06. Eyes 13. Hand (fingers/thumb) 20. Voice
07. Neck 14. Pelvis 21.
Multiple locations OTHER (please specify):
Cause of incident (enter a number in the box)
NOTE: for deliberate acts of assault, use number 19 not number 1.
01. Hit/injured by another person 09. Power tool 17. Thermal
exposure
02. Hit/injured by object 10. Insect/animal 18. Overuse/RSI
03. Hit object
11. Explosion exposure 19. Physical harassment
04. Lifting/moving object 12. Electric shock 20. Physical
abuse
05. Lifting/moving (person) 13. Fire
21. Verbal harassment
06. Reaching/Stretching/Bending 14. Collapse of structure
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22. Verbal abuse
07. Slip/fall 15. Exposure to noise
23. Work pressure/s
08. Hand tool 16. Exposure to chemical/substance 2
4. Psychological
OTHER (please specify):
Place that incident occurred (enter a number in the box)
01. Ward 06. Bathroom 11. Path/walkway
02. Kitchen 07. Laundry 12. Grassed area
03. Stores 08. Pharmacy 13. Steps/stairs
04. Cafeteria 09. Maintenance 14. Laboratory
05. Toilet 10. Hallway 15.
Radiology OTHER (please specify if location is not on the list above):
Treatment of injury (enter a number in the box)
01. First Aid (returned to work) 05. Sent to emergency department
02. First Aid (sent home) 06. Fatal injury
03. Medical treatment (sent to doctor)
04. Dental treatment (sent to dentist) OTHER (please specify):
Person/s witnessing the incident: (please complete FULL details for each witness, attach additional sheet
required)
Witness 1:
Name: Steven Symonds
Address: New south wales.
Telephone contact number/s: +02
6547385960
Witness 2:
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Name: Johannes Johnsen
Address: new south wales.
Telephone contact number/s: +04
5463748574
Witness 3:
Name: Thomas
Address: new south wales.
Telephone contact number/s: +04
7627853953
Witness 4:
Name: Stewart
Address: new south wales.
Telephone contact number/s: +04-4573568398
Witness 5: Shane Symonds,
Name: Addre
south wales.
Telephone contact number/s: +04-4837583687
Details of the incident:
If insufficient space here, please attach additional sheet/s. Please be as detailed and specific as possible, a
the facts exactly as you saw them.
What was the activity at the time the incident occurred?
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At the time of accident, Shane was going to his company.
What happened?
A truck came from through full speed and hit Shane’s motor bike from back side.
What factors, if any, contributed to the incident?
No any identified factor to this incident.
Action/s taken for injured person:
If insufficient space here, please attach additional sheet/s. Please be as detailed and specific as possible.
Attention given/action taken:
First Aid provided to Shane and admitted him in nearby hospital.
By whom was it given?
By unknown people who was present at the time of accident.
Action/s taken to prevent recurrence of incident:
To be completed by Manager.
Attention given/action taken: Rules should be restricted for everyone, heavy fine should be
applied to breach the rule and everyone should be educated about the traffic and its rule.
ACTIVITY SIX: MANUAL HAZARDS AND HANDLING
 As in scenario 1 it is mentioned that client is from aged care facility, means they are too
weak and less sensitive towards any things therefore at this place many hazards may be
find. But according to the scenario there are a television which is unplug from the switch
and a complaint is filed. So as a hazards the first hazards may be the electric currents
which may cause the electric shock during the plug in. some manual handling hazards at
that place are like: At the time of plug in the switch, it may cause twisting the back or
cramp in our body parts. Because of the power point is coming away from the wall
therefore for plug in, it is necessary that the television is on that place from where it is
easy to plug in. For this, the man has to may be uplift the television, which may cause
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some back injury, neck injury or some accidental injury (Pereira and et. al., 2019). Man
has may be also face to some another problem like, he may have got some electric shock
during plug in the television or he may fall from the support and many more. Therefore,
for handling these hazards man need to take some careful steps before and during the
activity of plug in and uplifting of television which are following: man should have to
reduce the amount of twisting his back. He Should have to avoid uplifting of TV to more
height. He should wear an electric shock absorber globes in his both hand. He should
reduce the carrying the of television if possible. He should also remove the obstructions
from his working space.
 In scenario 2, Mrs Shelly is a frail elderly woman who can now be able to move from
there bed and she perform her all activity on her bed. Therefore, for handling Mrs. Shelly
two carers are required who assist Mrs. Shelly to perform her activity. But at the another
hand during providing the caring active both of these carer may have to face some
manual hazards. These manual handling hazards are following: like occurring back injury
at the time of supporting to Mrs. Shelly (Tirloni, and et. al., 2019). Disc dislocation
problem occurring at the time of caring because it provides only limited movement. Some
muscle and ligament pulling problem may also occur due to more movement. As it is
mention in the scenario that Mrs. Shelly cannot move because she is suffering from joint
pain. Therefore, she need support for movement so when the carer provides support for
her the both carer have to hold whole body weight of Mrs. Shelly. Which may cause
some back pain, Hand muscle and neck muscle pain may also be occur due to more
pulling of muscle. Therefore, there are some important principle which should be
remembered to both carers when providing the care function are:
◦ Both the carer should have to use both arms and legs.
◦ They should have to turn in the direction of movement.
◦ Should have to use appropriate lifting aides.
◦ They should have to avoid stretching.
◦ Bending and twisting if it is possible (Oakman, and et. al., 2022).
A bed robe can be used for Mrs. Shelly to sit on the bed.
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ACTIVITY SEVEN: CONTROL MEASURES FOR MINIMISING
MANUAL HANDLING RISK
 As it is mentioned in this case study, that Michael is support worker and he has to fold
washing of clients. So, in during this process there may be several risk which is
associated with this activity. As like, when he folds the clothes of the client, have to fold
his arms too many times so, there may be an arms' muscle pulling or cramping associated
with Michael. At the time of folding he has to move his body through which there is a
chances of twisting his back or pulling his back and he may have to face a severe back
pain. In this case study it is mentioned that the washing to be fold is kept on the table in
front of him. Therefore, to fold the washing he has to put up the washing, for which he
may has to lean forward to take up the washings. This activity may cause pain in his leg
muscle or in his back muscle. After folding those washings, he has to put all the clothes
on the it on the ironing board and for this he has to twist his body which may cause
severe pain in his back muscles. There may be cause slip disc problems in his vertebra,
which results some more complications like sitting problem, standing problem and so on.
As the case study given, it seems that he has done his all work in standing position
therefore, it may possible that he can have to suffering from some leg's muscle cramp or
pulling due to excessive muscle pulling.
 According to work place health and safety (WHS) legislation 2011, both work provider
or worker have to work together for recognising, assessing and controlling the risk by
manual handling, which occur during the working process. In this case study, according
to Workplace health safety Michael has need to consult his owner and together with him
need to find the risk factor associated with his work. According to this case study there
are several control measures which can be used to reduce the risk, which is associated
with Michael's job. Out of many here are two control measures which could be used to
prevent the risk of injury associated with workplace are;
◦ Identify the risk: first of all, it is very necessary to identify the associated risk with the
workplace's job. By identifying the risk worker can manage their work carefully
because they know about the risk factor. So, he does their work very carefully and
decrease the chances of injury during the working period.
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◦ Decide the best manual handling techniques and the way to decrease the risk in
manual handling: by applying this techniques, risk factor associated with workplace's
job can be decreased and it becomes easy for the employee to do their work in better
way. After applying these techniques, it should be reviewed that how effective those
techniques are which are apply to decrease the risk factor (ten, and et. al., 2021).
ACTIVITY EIGHT:
 Standard precautions are the whole set of practices, which are used to control the
infection. Therefore, it is also known as the set of infection control process which is used
to prevent the transmission of diseases which can be occurred through the contact with
non-intact skin, body fluids, blood, mucous membranes and so on. There are several
types of standard precautions like hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene or cough hygiene,
use of personal protective equipment (like masks, gloves, eyewear and so on.), safe
injections practices (like: aseptic techniques for parenteral medications), sharps safety,
clean and disinfected environmental surfaces, sterile instruments and devices and so on
(Precautions, 2018).
 Direct contact transmission: in this type of transmission, there is necessary to touched
with the infectious objects or persons. There are number of infectious diseases which are
often spread through direct contact. Types of direct contact include:
◦ Person-to-person contact: - in this, infectious disease is generally transmitted via
direct person-to-person contact. Transmission of disease occur when any infected
person exchanges body fluids or touches with some else. It can be happening before
an infected person are aware of illness. Sexually transmitted disease are transmitted
through this process.
◦ Droplet spread: at the time of sneezing and coughing an infectious disease can be
transmitted by the directed contact of a healthy person.
Indirect contact: infectious disease can also be transmitted through the air and other
mechanism like;
◦ Airborne transmission: in this infectious agents travel long distance in air.
◦ Contaminated objects: some of the infectious agents can viable on the objects and
transmitted to those people who touch it.
◦ Food and drinking: infectious agents can have transmitted through food and objects.
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◦ Animal to person contact: some of the infectious agents can be transmitted through
animal to person like Toxoplasma gondii parasite.
◦ Animal reservoirs: in this type infectious diseases transmitted through animal to
animal and suddenly in human (Conforti, and et. al., 2019)
 When any aged care worker need to transporting a client then he should have to take
some standard precautions which is beneficial for them or their client. Those standard
precautions are following:
◦ They should have to use hand sensitizer or disinfectant.
◦ They should have use their own personal protective equipment.
◦ They need to sterilised that equipment which are used to handle their client.
◦ They need to used neat and clean transport which can cause less harm to their client.
ACTIVITY NINE: RISKS OF INFECTIONS
1: Six elements required for infection to occur are:
 Presence of active/ live pathogen.
 Suitable environment to favour the growth of the infective pathogen.
 An exit portal for the pathogen to get out of the reservoir.
 Mode of transmission.
 A pathway to enter in host's body.
 A host.
2: The three types of organisms responsible for causing the infections are:
 Bacteria
 Viruses
 Fungi
3: The favourable conditions that stimulate and promote the growth of the pathogens are:
 Presence of suitable temperature
 Presence of moisture
 Appropriate pH level
 Oxygen level
4: Mode of transmission refers to the mediator (living or non-living) responsible for causing
infection, transfers from one person to another, one object or animal to another (Haque and et,
al., 2018). Transmission of infectious agents takes place mainly by four main routes, like:
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 Air
 Physical contact
 Transmission of droplets
 Common vehicle.
5: The chain of infection can be broken by adopting these of three practices like:
 Appropriate drainage and sewerage facilities
 Early diagnoses of infectious diseases
 By following precautions
6: In the given case study, there are some activities highlighted that breach the infection control
guidelines are;
 Gauze is the important material used in the treatment and come directly in contact to the
wound, so it is essential that a gauze should always be disinfected. Bernie placed the
contaminated or soiled gauze in the treatment tray which may infect the treatment tray
and might cause infection to the Mrs. Wilkes.
 Evelyn places the letter on the treatment tray which is a bad practice as letter might
contain some infectious agent which can cause some harmful infection to the patient.
7: The events breached the guidelines of infection may result in causing severe infection to the
Mrs. Wilkes that might worsen the health condition of the patient. The soiled gauze on the
treatment tray infect the tray and infectious agent may transmit to the body of the patient by
utilizing the instruments placed on the infected tray.
8: The need of additional precautions is realised when standard precautions are not sufficient
enough in controlling the transmission or spread of infection (Peng and et. al., 2018). Additional
precautions comprised of higher standards to control the infection.
9: Two airborne conditions that may require additional precautions are:
 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
 Chicken pox.
These infectious agents have ability to remain infectious and be active in the infection period for
a long period of time.
10: Two diseases that require additional precautions from spreading infections via droplets are:
 Diphtheria
 Pertussis
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11: An aged care worker may transmit the infection from one source or person to another one:
 By not considering the proper hand hygiene.
 By not disinfecting the medical instruments every time before using the equipment to the
patient.
12: Some of most common infectious disease is:
 Gastroenteritis: It may cause by eating contaminated food. Gastroenteritis also known as
'stomach bug' or 'stomach flu'.
 Urinary tract infection: It is a common disease infect individuals who drink less water.
UTI can cause due to infection in any part of the urinary system, that is, kidney, bladder,
urethra, etc.
 Influenza: This is a most common disease that caused due to influenza virus.
 Scabies: In this disease skin get infected due to mites that lays eggs beneath the skin of
host.
ACTIVITY TEN: RAISING WHS (WORKPLACE HEALTH AND
SAFETY) ISSUES
1: An employer is responsible to safeguard the WHS issues by ensuring that the practices
performed by the employees must not violate the guidelines and should promote the maintenance
of healthy and safe environment. The employees should always be promoted to prefer safe
practices and utilise safe and well-guarded equipment’s only. It also includes the proper handling
of the machines and proper training should be provided to the representative workers to reduce
the chance of risks and accidents. Proper handling and operating also depends on the working
conditions of the machines and consciousness of the operator. Proper policies and procedures
should have implemented to be strictly followed by the workers at workplace. If any sort of
violation of safety policies are observed in the workplace, it is important to take strict actions
against the employees.
2: Physical hazard is the most common type of hazard happen at workplace. Physical hazards
include falls, trips, slips, working from high altitude, unguarded machines, loud noise, etc. The
strategy that can be used to determine the responsiveness of the implemented procedure is to
investigate the place randomly without letting the employees and employers know about the visit
and evaluate the working environment, system, working procedures practised by the people at
work place (Laszcz-Davis and et. al., 2021).
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It can be determined by taking the feedback of the workers at the work place and
investigate about the malfunctions might being followed within the workplace.
3: Roles and responsibilities of Health and Safety Representatives (HSR) are:
 Monitor actions associated to WHS adopted by the PBU.
 Investigate about the complaints that any worker has and concentrate to resolve the issue
as soon as possible.
 HSR raise the issues of health and safety with PBU.
 Represent workers in a workgroup and look out for the risk factors regarding WHS.
4: The roles and responsibilities of the Health and Safety Committee (HSC) are:
 Worker's health and safety at work need to be investigate and monitor timely.
 HSC promote co-operation between the workers and PCBU to develop, investigate and
monitor if the designed practices are being followed or not.
 HSC responsible in developing and designing the standards, policies, and procedures
related to health and safety that compulsorily to be followed at workplace (D'Ettorre and
et. al., 2020).
 HSC should arrange meetings and discuss about the concerns which may affect the
policies and procedures.
 The committee should communicate with the employees before the meeting and represent
the issue in front of the committee members.
 Their function is to provide assistance in resolving the issues raised by person of any
designation at the workplace without any discrimination.
ACTIVITY ELEVEN: DISCUSSION ABOUT HEALTH AND SAFETY
ISSUES
Workplace health and safety issue include many events like; slipping and falling, chemical
exposure, gas exposure, minor or major accidents due to toxic events, transportation accidents,
communicable disease, violence at the workplace, etc. This report will cover the discussion
regarding the environmental hazards (Thangam and et. al., 2021). This involves the investigation
and examination of the factors that may be hazardous to the workplace environment and try to
resolve the issue by implementing preventive measures to protect the workers from any wrong
happening. Environmental hazards includes the biological, chemical, and physical hazards.
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Environmental health promotes the health and well-being of the workers and prevent illness.
Organisations can improve the surroundings by adopting and create opportunities for the workers
by promoting healthy interaction and good habits for the employees. It is the responsibility of
assisted safety managers to investigate the workplace timely and examine the materials whether
they are safe or not , if they need any sort of special storage practices, or handling (Yang and
Ahn, 2019). After measuring and examining all the materials, safety professionals must prepare a
report in a summarise form and then present the reports during meeting and discuss about the
interventions need to be taken to prevent health and control hazards.
It is important to consider and control the importance of air circulation at the workplace.
Many factors can contribute to spoil the air quality like fumes, harmful gases, presence of
infectious agents in the air, humidity level, dust, etc. Poor air quality may effect the health by
causing headaches, eyes irritation, skin irritation, poor concentration, etc. Proper air ventilation
helps in removing harmful gases and exhaled airborne virus and bacteria from the indoor
working zone. OSHA standards implement some policies and put limits on the limits on the
amount of allowed pollutants in the air to protect the health of the workers. According to OSHA
Standards, it is important to address the amount of Carbon Monoxide, ensure installation and
safety ventilation system and install exhaust systems if needed (Beauvais and et. al., 2021).
Electrical hazards are the dangerous one that are most likely to cause death to the workers
especially to those works in a construction site. It can result in explosions, burns, shocks, fires
and even death. It includes Overhead power lines, improper wiring, Damaged equipment’s,
Utilising equipment’s since long time without servicing, Wet conditions, etc. Improvisation of
electrical safety has been a concern when many cases of death has been reported. Following
strategies were implemented to reduce the risks of electrical incidents like; Understand and
strictly follow OSHA standards, Investigate and evaluate electrical hazards, establish programs
for electrical safety. Some Ergonomic Hazards which may lead to arise health issues are: Regular
lifting, incorrect postures, poorly adjusted chairs, Vibration, High noise, etc.
Workplace harassment is an issue that cannot be ignored and contributes the most in
making a working environment unfavourable reduced productivity, and promote toxic behaviour
(Hameed and et. al., 2021). There are many actions that may harass an individual by body
shaming, joking offensively by targeting a particular caste, culture, religion, by passing
comments on sensitive issues physical assaults, etc. It is important to raise voice and take strict
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actions against the person who spoils the environment at the workplace and even should
terminate from the job if needed.
ACTIVITY TWELVE: DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
POLICIES TO PROMOTE SAFE WORKING ENVIRONMENT
The buddy system is a method of knowledge sharing used to orient and guide new employees. In
this, the new employee has assigned an existing, trained employee to help him/ her for few
weeks. In the given case, Sue is a new employee and have no experience about operating and
handling the tools. John is assigned to her as a buddy to help her and assist her in her workings.
John helped her and learnt Sue about the procedure of handling the lifting equipment. Buddy
needs to develop some skills and knowledge to guide the new employee and perform the tasks:
 Buddy should have skills to teach and explain the task properly in a sequential order
without any mistakes.
 Buddy explains the new employee about the procedure of obtaining office supplies,
utilising office equipment, steps to make travel arrangements, etc.
 Conversing the employee about norms, guidelines, policies, and culture of the
organisation.
 Socialising the employee and make him/ her comfortable by involving them in social or
informal activities.
So, in this case study; it is john's responsibility to make Sew comfortable and train her about the
functions, operations, policies and regulations of the organisation.
There are some characteristics that a good buddy must have like; ability to mentor and guide
others. So it is compulsory that a buddy should have well-rounded knowledge about the
company. Only those employees are selected as a buddy who demonstrated and already proved
itself as a strong performer. A buddy should have good interaction and communication skills. By
this, it is simple to conclude that John is a proved and trusted employee of the organisation who
developed the skills and capability of being a buddy. John has strong and clear communication
skills and he is a good tutor also. Employee with a negative attitude cannot be appointed as
employee. A buddy should not have selfish nature and mean attitude. He/ she should always be
available to assist the new employee without any interrogation or doubt. A buddy should always
be ready as a helping hand and train the employee with all aspects. It is possible to maintain good
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interaction only when the new employee is also get comfortable with the existing one and feel
free to ask queries and expand the knowledge any time.
ACTIVITY THIRTEEN: WAYS TO MAINTAIN CURRENCY OF SAFE
WORK PRACTICE
1: The work environment is defined as the setting, social feature and the condition which is
related with physical condition in which they used to perform the job. In this, some of the
element can usually show the impact which is well related with the feeling of wellbeing,
workplace, relationship collaboration and so on. In this, they used to work with the potential in
order to maintain the effective and straight operation which is important to consider the work
environment of the company, that is showing the collaboration that is situational factor that is
form that they are corporate atmosphere. In addition, the positive office atmosphere is usually
help to improve morale where the negative can be demotivating. The learning about the
important workplace feature can help to make the healthy environment which help to discover
the work environment and the type. There are some of the physical environment which is
comprised factor that enhance the work environment. The physical element is safety procedure
within the workplace, exposure and particle distribution is control with the advance tool that
completely on the safe zone and so on which may help to show the limit that is showing the
positive attribute for the positive work environment. The health worker productivity and
performance is gradually decrease due to the poor planned workplace environment as their
adverse effect their morale and may give the rise to the poor motivation and no job satisfaction.
2: Within the workplace there are various of equipment, tool is used to require training in order
to operate with the vision to reduce the complication and promote health working. In addition,
they show the instructor general course guideline, instructor specific course guideline, slides,
workbook, script and course, handouts and exercise, ice breaker and activities. These all are
usually requiring training to make the proper guideline while using. In the context with the health
and social care, they are strict towards training session before operating the tool or device
because it all related with the life of patient. The training is the primary event or course action
which is taken within healthcare workplace among staff. In the context with the health risk
associated with supposed safe technologies such as computer. The privacy and confidentiality is
the major risk when the computer based risk is analysed because the major of data and
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information which is related with patient. The medical history and other medical based data is
stored in the computer so the major risk is related with privacy of patient.
3: In order to ensure the safety towards the job, there are some of the aspect are used to follow
which may help to ensure the safety of the job. In this, there are ten easy ways which may show
the workplace safety tips such as train employer well, rewards the employee for their safe
behaviour, partner with the occupational clinicians, use labels and proper sign and keep the thing
cleaner and appropriate which help to provide the hygiene and keep the things proper that ensure
the safety tips within the workplace. The use of skills and knowledge is also the major context
that is used by employee in order to make achievement towards growth and development of
organisation. Encourage the self-goal and same time also achieve the organisational which help
to develop experience and knowledge and generate the safety towards the job. In this training are
well, introduce which is related with workplace policies may ensure protocol and legislative
requirement of organisation or within workplace. The training induction is defined as the process
undertaken which help to ensure the everyone that is related with the starting with the new job
which is based on the skills and knowledge to do their work safely. The induction mainly
includes generic induction which is showing the component of induction training cover the
general knowledge and basic WHS skill which is applicable and show the type of workplace and
work activities. In this, they also show the aspect where specific induction is used to take place
such as they have major focus to provide the knowledge and skills which is necessary to perform
the specific work with the safer process.
ACTIVITY FOURTEEN: LEVEL OF STRESS AND FATIGUE
1: As per the analysis of case study of Camilla, it is well analysing that she is facing issue due to
the work life imbalance. She used to take load of their work and families which may formulate
aspect of stress and frustration due to the excess of load as the work routine. In addition, at the
same time she also taking care of their mother in law form the last previous years for their
mobility and transportation. As support carer, the major suggestion which is well provided to
Camilla is that they must focus on work life balance. In addition, Camilla used to take care of
their work as per the schedule time and leave the workplace as soon as possible take a proper
sleep and then perform their other activities. Whereas, Camilla used to provide all the necessary
things to their mother in law. She also hires a carer for the care of their mother in law when she
is in work. In this, the work life balance is the essential point which may she used to follow and
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taken permission for their supervisor to leave at the time while conveying the situation that she is
also a carer of their mother and she does not provide the extra or over time to the workplace.
In addition, it is also analysing that the Camilla is facing the issue of poor sleep which may act as
the main reason which formulate the issue of stress and irritation. Rather all, she must take leave
for the one day from their working and rest all the day which help to reduce the irritation and
make them feel fresh. She is also consult with the doctor for the medication which may help to
provide the comfort form their issue that is related with stress and other factor.
In addition, when the excess of the stress and anxiety is showing the in-depth irritation and issue
with the mental health and this is generally occurring due to the poor sleep which is analysed due
to work schedule that show the occurrence due to anti-depressant drug and anti-psychotic
medication.
ACTIVITY FIFTEEN: SUSTAINBILITY
Find five websites that offer advice and ideas about how to be environmentally sustainable in
office. List the website address you use.
The environmentally sustainability in the workplace or office is the major aspect which is
showing the efficient use of the energy and resource that show the making the use of power save
option on equipment, turn off equipment that when they are used to make the end of the working
rather leaving on the stand by, install energy efficient light bulbs and make the turn off lights
when they are not using the rising the room, install the sensor light which is showing the areas
which is not used often. The sustainability has the power that is showing the factor which help to
unite staff in order to create the work culture and work life balance, and has great impact which
is related with customer and world. The five website which is well used in the sustainability in
office. The resource is:
How to Create a More Environmentally Sustainable Office for Your Employees? Accessed from:
https://www.corporatewellnessmagazine.com/article/how-to-create-a-more-environmentally-
sustainable-office-for-your-employees
Going green: 10 ways to make your office eco-friendlier and efficient. Access from:
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/going-green-10-ways-to-make-your-office-more-eco-
friendly-and-efficient/
15 Innovative Ways to Embrace Sustainability in the Office. Accessed from:
https://recyclecoach.com/blog/15-innovative-ways-to-embrace-sustainability-in-the-office/
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The 12 Best Ways to Create a Sustainable Office and Work Space. Accessed from:
https://www.bondcollective.com/blog/sustainable-offices/
25 Go Green Ideas for the Office That Every Company Should Use. Accessed from:
https://www.sustainablebusinesstoolkit.com/going-green-tips-for-the-office/
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Precautions, S., 2018. Principles of Infection Prevention in the Nursery. Neonatal Infections:
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Online
How to Create a More Environmentally Sustainable Office for Your Employees? 2020 [Online]
Accessed from: https://www.corporatewellnessmagazine.com/article/how-to-create-a-
more-environmentally-sustainable-office-for-your-employees
Going green: 10 ways to make your office eco-friendlier and efficient, 2017 [Online] Access
from: https://www.techrepublic.com/article/going-green-10-ways-to-make-your-office-
more-eco-friendly-and-efficient/
15 Innovative Ways to Embrace Sustainability in the Office, 2022 [Online] Accessed from:
https://recyclecoach.com/blog/15-innovative-ways-to-embrace-sustainability-in-the-
office/
The 12 Best Ways to Create a Sustainable Office and Work Space, 2022 [Online] Accessed
from: https://www.bondcollective.com/blog/sustainable-offices/
25 Go Green Ideas for the Office That Every Company Should Use, 2022 [Online] Accessed
from: https://www.sustainablebusinesstoolkit.com/going-green-tips-for-the-office/
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