Foot Ulcer and Diabetes: Pathophysiology, Impact, and Management Strategies

Running head: FOOT ULCER AND DIABETES
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Diabetes related issues
STUDENT NAME
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FOOT ULCER AND DIABETES
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Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................2
Pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer...........................................................................2
Impact of poor glycaemic control......................................................................................................3
Impact of Local pressure...................................................................................................................4
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................6
References.............................................................................................................................................8

FOOT ULCER AND DIABETES
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Introduction
Diabetes type 2 is the conditions in which the body cells are unable to use blood-sugar
or glucose effectively to produce energy. This is caused when the cells become insensitive
the insulin and blood sugar increases (Eckel et al., 2011). Diabetes type two is more common
than diabetes type 1. There are nearly 27 million people are affected particularly in the United
States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Mrs. Lowe has a history of this
health condition and developed foot ulcer with fluid coming out of it. She has been prescribed
antibiotics to deal with the arterial flow. However, her diabetes problem is not controlled
well. The main purpose of this essay is to discuss the disease pathophysiology of diabetic
neuropathic foot ulcer and the impact of uncontrolled glycaemia on wound healing and
susceptibility to the infection. The impact of local pressure like footwear on healing process
and five possible medical to manage the condition will also be discussed in this report.
Pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer
Pathophysiology of patient’s diabetic foot ulcer is caused by several components that
added together to cause ulcerations of the foot such as neuropathy, vasculopathy, and
Immunopathy. In hyperglycaemia, the production of enzymes like reductase and sorbitol
dehydrogenase is increased. Glucose has been converted into sorbitol and fructose by these
enzymes. The accumulation of the sugar products leads to a reduction in synthesis of nerve
cells myoinositol and affects the nerve conduction. When the nerve gets hurt, the diseased
person is at risk of developing an injury that becomes ulcer over time. Hyperglycaemia may
also cause dysfunction of endothelial and abnormalities of soft cells in the peripheral arteries.
Endothelial cells synthesize nitric oxide which secures the blood vessels in any endogenous
wound (Tesfaye, & Selvarajah, 2012). In hyperglycaemia, the physiological properties of
nitric oxide-like antioxidant capacity, leukocyte adhesion, anticoagulation, and endothelial