Forced Convection Through A Pipe Lab Experiment 12

Forced Convection Through A Pipe Lab Experiment 1
FORCED CONVECTION THROUGH A PIPE LAB EXPERIMENT
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Forced Convection Through A Pipe Lab Experiment 2
Introduction
Heat is one of the major products which is generated in industries as well as industrial
plant facilities. The heat which is generated can be used for several applications including
moulding, casting among others. However, the heat generated results into increased temperature,
thereby putting most of the equipment into jeopardy (Achenbach, 2013). Hence, the need for
heat exchangers which are responsible for the provision of energy change. In this experiment, the
investigation focus on a pipe; which aims at determining the convective heat transfer coefficient
for forced convection for air that is flowing through it, as well as determining the velocity and
temperature distribution through the pipe.
Theory
Considering the figure below:
Figure 1 Temperature and velocity profiles developed during forced convection.

Forced Convection Through A Pipe Lab Experiment 3
Energy gets transferred from the heated surface to the fluid as it passes through it due to forced
convection. This energy can be determined through the newton's law of cooling below.
..............................Eqn (1)
Where;
h is the convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m2.K)
Ts is the pipe surface temperature (oC),
Tα is the fluid average temperature (oC) (Ahmed and Yovanovich, 2015)
Description of Apparatus
Forced convection heat transfer apparatus used in the experiment
There are many types of equipment which are utilized for the experiment. These include:

Forced Convection Through A Pipe Lab Experiment 4
 TD1 Forced Convection Heat Transfer apparatus- this apparatus allows for the evaluation
of the theory.
 Pitot measuring tube- this is a unit located in a measuring apparatus which enables the
determination of temperature profiles as well as the velocity through the pipe (Akpinar
and Toraman, 2016)
 A u-shaped pipe- this is used to link the heated copper and the smaller diameter pipe.
 A thermometer- used for the determination of the temperature in the test tube
 Thermocouples- used in the determination of a variety of temperature along the pipe
 Digital indicator- used for the display of the readings within the thermocouple (Churchill
and Bernstein, 2013).
The diagram below shows the general layout of the apparatus
Test Procedure