Foundation for Evidence Nursing

This report discusses the importance of evidence-based practices in nursing and its significance in the current health and social care environment. It critiques a primary research paper on patient-centered care and its impact on healthcare outcomes. The report also explores how evidence-based practices contribute to professional development in nursing.

Foundation for evidence nursing

Table of Contents
Assessment 2....................................................................................................................................1
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................1
2. Discussion....................................................................................................................................2
Evidence based practices of nursing and its significance in current health and social care
environment.................................................................................................................................2
Overview of primary research paper and rationale of its selection.............................................2
Discussion and justification of finding in support of nursing practice........................................3
Reflection on contribution of chosen paper in professional development..................................5
3. Conclusion...................................................................................................................................5
Summary......................................................................................................................................5
Recommendations........................................................................................................................6
4. Reference.....................................................................................................................................6

Assessment 2
Primary Research Article: Patient‐centred care is a way of doing things: How healthcare
employees conceptualize patient‐centred care. 2018. Online Available at:<
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5750758/ >.
1. Introduction
Evidence based practices are highly important in healthcare sectors, that emphasis on way of
improving and developing patient outcomes. In nursing, it helps in promoting an attitude of
inquiry within professionals, so that they can ensure in what manner, care services should be
delivered to provide relief to patients (Park and et. al., 2018). By critically appraising the
evidences, medical practitioners can make better decisions for clinical interventions, to improve
services.
Under the present report, a primary research paper based on effectiveness of centred care
approach is critique on the basis of validity, its impact on healthcare outcomes and applicability
for further improvement in clinical interventions (Grove and Gray, 2018). For critically
analysing chosen article, CASP tool and its framework is used to reach on discussion. Along
with this, principles of evidence-based practices and its significance are evaluated, to apply on
critique part by considering its applications to clinical practices. Reflection is also made on way
findings of primary paper will contribute in professional development and nursing practice.
The primary research paper which is chosen to conduct present study is based on a specific
objective i.e. ‘how medical staff conceptualise the person-centred care’. For this purpose,
qualitative interviews have been done by its researchers where 107 employees were interviewed
for addressing the given objectives (Scales and et. al., 2019). However, data was then analysed
by using the grounded based thematic analysis. So, this kind of research design where opinion of
healthcare workers have been taken, will aid in constructing present report more systematically,
to achieve desired outcomes.
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2. Discussion
Evidence based practices of nursing and its significance in current health and social care
environment
Evidence-based practices (EBP) define as conscientious and problem-solving approach to
critically analyse the effectiveness of clinical practice (Badian, McCormack and Sundling, 2018).
It incorporates with best evidence collected from well-designed primary and secondary based
research articles, where patient values and preferences, clinician's expertise and more, are taken
to conduct study. In other words, EBP is explicit and judicious usage of current best evidences to
make clinical decisions for improving quality of care of patients individually. It reflects that
individual clinical expertise from systematic research are integrated with appropriate external
clinical evidence. Along with this, within nursing profession, EBP also helps in integrating
research evidence to analyse preferences of patients and taken clinical expertise as approach for
problem-solving, so that better and individualized care could be provided (Yun and Choi, 2019).
It also aids in giving opportunities for efficient nursing care in more streamlined and dynamic
process, for maximizing the effects of clinical judgment. Therefore, when such evidence is used
for defining critically best practices despite of supporting the existing ones. With this assistance,
nursing care aid in keeping pace with updated and latest advancement of technology, in order to
take benefits of new knowledge developments for further improvement. The significance of EBP
practices within current healthcare sectors can be evaluated in terms of its transformation
process, for redesigning and resetting the entire clinical procedure which will be more safe,
efficient and effective about patient outcomes (McNiel and Westphal, 2018). In addition to this,
in line with various direction-setting recommendations from experts, where nurses responding on
the same, can launch initiatives which in turn maximize valuable contributions for fully
delivering patient-centred services. Hereby, such initiatives include adoption of better practice;
redesigning of clinical setting; model and theory development; etc. for resolving health issues of
people for their well-being.
Overview of primary research paper and rationale of its selection
To analyse the effectiveness of patient-centred care approaches as per views of nurses and
staff associated in nursing department, a research is critique. Initially, for finding a research
paper investigated on primary basis, electronic databases searched were: MEDLINE, CINAHL,
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Epistemonikos, EMBASE and Cochrane. On these databases, search terms were related to
person-centred care approach and its role in improving nursing practices (Renolen and et. al.,
2018). More than thirty qualitative and quantitative studies identified, which were subjected to
content analysis. Using these processes, the research paper which is chosen – “Patient‐centred
care is a way of doing things: How healthcare employees conceptualize patient‐centred care”.
This study has been conducted by Gemmae and his team, with objective is “To examine the way
workforce in hospitals conceptualise person-centred care approach”. For this purpose, they have
conducted qualitative interviews during four visits in the months of Jan. to April, 2013, where
107 people associated in healthcare departments including middle managers, leaders, staff, front
line providers and more, were interviewed (Jamieson, Whyte and McCall, 2019). Along with
this, data were analysed through grounded thematic analysis then findings were mapped for
establishing patient-centred care construction in literature. So, this period, research design and
way of investigating result, validated that it is a primary journal article research paper. Therefore,
this will be best for collecting evidences about person-centred care practice and need to make
improvement within clinical setting, for better healthcare outcomes.
Discussion and justification of finding in support of nursing practice
To critique the chosen research paper and justified its finding in context with support of
nursing practices, CASP tool and its framework is applied. This tool helps in developing an
evidence-based approach to aid professionals in improving their skills, by utilising and applying
evidence in nursing practices (Duncombe, 2018). It provides a framework through which
validity, relevance and outcomes of the results can be appraised in following way –
1. Was aims and objectives clearly framed?
Considering the present article, objective is clearly framed as “To examine how hospital
employees conceptualize patient‐centred care”, where aim and purpose behind investigating the
study was appropriately discussed within introduction part. The sample of population taken
under this study was 107 employees of a healthcare organisation, whose participation was
included firstly by inviting through e-mail method, to explain purpose behind investigation. This
research was taken place in US where interview was taken during four visits in Veteran Health
Administration (VHA) in the time interval of January and April 2013.
2. Was the entire study asked clearly focused questions?
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The interviews under the present article has covered a range of topics, with two main
central questions for guiding the analysis. It includes “What do you think about when you hear
the term PCC?” and “What are the key elements for care to be patient‐centered, from your
perspective?” Along with this, interview guide in this study was designed by using the flexibly,
as per unique background of participants. Further, interviews were taken at individual level and
store in the form of audio‐recorded for further analysis.
3. If qualitative approach is appropriate for conducting investigation in chosen research?
To get theoretical perception and making sense of as well as interpret the result for
conceptualising the healthcare workers about person centred care, qualitative research is
considered as most effective one. It helps in penetrating the deeper significance for addressing
the research objectives, where interviews and observations were commonly used for collecting
and interpreting the data. However, sample was large which arise on relevance of outcomes, but
way of recording, analysing and evaluating the result justified validity of study as well.
4. Was research design properly prepared to address objectives of study?
In-depth interview as appropriate method to conduct research was used in the given
paper, which is considered as one of the best qualitative technique. It involves both individual
and group-based interviews, with 107 number of respondents for exploring views of them on
chosen topic (i.e. person centred care) and analysed using grounded thematic techniques as –
biopsychosocial perspective, patient-as-person, therapeutic alliance, sharing responsibility,
doctor as person and more.
5. If applied recruitment strategy was appropriate for meeting research aims?
Researchers during the study, has worked closely with associated medical director,
medical centre leadership, Person centred care coordinators and more, for identifying those
individuals who are considered critical about implementation of entire PCC innovation. In
context with process of participation in interviews, a broad range of both clinical and non‐
clinical workers like middle managers, front line staff and more, were identified for primary
investigation through interviews. Along with this, potential respondents were contacted through
email process, where purpose behind site visit was explained to invite their participation for
interviews and they were interviewed mostly during the site visit.
6. Was ethical issues properly taken into consideration?
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As qualitative study was taken into one of the largest healthcare sector of US, where four
medical centres out of 150 were visited designated as Centre of Innovations for personal care
centre. The data were collected through taking interviews of employees during visit where
purpose behind investigation before interviewed them was properly explained via email. Along
with this, IRB (The Institutional Review Board) has been reviewed entire work conducted by
researchers in this article and designated the evaluation as IRB‐exempt. Therefore, all these
procedures reduce the need of taking any formal consent was required. However, verbal and
written descriptions were provided about goal and scope of overall evaluation work to
participants.
7. How the research is valuable?
The researchers have been discovered about patient-centred care ideals that have permeated into
a number of healthcare associations, which encompasses with a cultural shift in process of care
delivery. Taking interviews, this study has concluded that some healthcare employees see this
nursing practice so broadly as on-going initiatives, while others taken it as inherent for specific
positions.
Reflection on contribution of chosen paper in professional development
It has been analysed by critically analysing the chosen research paper that it has proven
beneficial about how the on-going interventions related to person centred care approach, are
conceptualising by employees in healthcare centres for delivering the best services. It contributes
efficiently in development of skills and knowledge professionally regarding with such nursing
practice. However, some factors also evaluated in chosen research paper, where perception of
patients about such practice was neglected or didn’t taken to analyse how person-centred care
helps in identifying and meeting their care needs.
3. Conclusion
Summary
It has been summarised from the entire report that evidence based practices are one of the
best process for analysing way practices like person-centred care approaches are growing
prominently in healthcare centres. For this purpose, by critique on a chosen article which was
made by primary investigation method, describes how this practice aid in improving variety of
health conditions and overall quality of care process. Along with this, using CASP framework
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aid in evaluating whether chosen article is fit for collecting evidences or not, whereby, it has
been analysed that taking perception of healthcare workers aid researchers in addressing
objectives of study in a systematic way.
Recommendations
From findings, it has been analysed that research taken in chosen article was carried out by
taking interviews of healthcare workers. But if perception of patients was also be taken then it
would help in collecting more evidences about areas of improvement, for increasing
effectiveness of person centred care practice in improving patient outcomes. Therefore, for
further process, article where both professionals and patients were taken to conduct study in
quantitative manner despite of qualitative, will help in collecting better evidence.
4. Reference
Badian, R. A., McCormack, B. and Sundling, V., 2018. Person-centered research: a novel
approach to randomized controlled trials. European Journal for Person Centered
Healthcare. 6(2). pp.209-218.
Duncombe, D. C., 2018. A multi‐institutional study of the perceived barriers and facilitators to
implementing evidence‐based practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 27(5-6). pp.1216-
1226.
Grove, S. K. and Gray, J. R., 2018. Understanding Nursing Research E-Book: Building an
Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Jamieson, E., Whyte, L. A. and McCall, J. M., 2019. Clinical Nursing Practices: Guidelines for
Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
McNiel, P. and Westphal, J., 2018. Namaste Care™: A person-centered care approach for
Alzheimer’s and advanced dementia. Western journal of nursing research. 40(1). pp.37-
51.
Park, M., Lee, M., Jeong, H., Jeong, M. and Go, Y., 2018. Patient-and family-centered care
interventions for improving the quality of health care: a review of systematic
reviews. International journal of nursing studies. 87. pp.69-83.
Renolen, Å., Høye, S., Hjälmhult, E., Danbolt, L. J. and Kirkevold, M., 2018. “Keeping on
track”—Hospital nurses’ struggles with maintaining workflow while seeking to integrate
evidence-based practice into their daily work: A grounded theory study. International
Journal of Nursing Studies. 77. pp.179-188.
Scales, K., Lepore, M., Anderson, R. A., McConnell, E. S., Song, Y., Kang, B., Porter, K.,
Thach, T. and Corazzini, K. N., 2019. Person-directed care planning in nursing homes:
Resident, family, and staff perspectives. Journal of Applied Gerontology. 38(2). pp.183-
206.
Yun, D. and Choi, J., 2019. Person-centered rehabilitation care and outcomes: A systematic
literature review. International journal of nursing studies. 93. pp.74-83.
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