Substructure: Foundation, Ground Floor and DPC

Introduction
The substructure is a part of building below the ground level which transfers the entire loads of
any building to the ground. It includes foundation, plinth, piers, piles, beam and strip footing,
damp proofing, subsoil drainage, floor structure, duct, pits etc. The substructure is the main
component of any construction because it holds the entire construction properly and transfers all
the loads coming from superstructure by means of dead loads and live loads.
Task 1
Foundation
Foundation is an element which connects the structure to the ground. It laid on the soil bed. For
constructing the foundation it is necessary to excavate the soil bed to the desired dimension. Here
the foundation to be 600 mm wide and 300 mm deep Of C20 concrete. C20 is a concrete mix
used for lightweight domestic use, foundation, garage shed, and workshop. It gives the strength
of 20N/28 days.
As the site selected, first we do excavation according to the above dimension which supports the
external brickwork. It is very important that the position and depth of the foundation should be in
proper dimension.
When the foundation trench inspected well, then after pouring the concrete mix. After pouring
concrete mix spread it into excavated area and use vibrating poker which helps in compacting the
concrete and remove air present in it.
Ground floor

The floor resting on the ground having a hard, level and beautiful surface for the living purpose
is known as the Ground surface. It is damped resistant and giving good finishes to the surface.
The layer of sand or red earth filled and compacted about the depth of 150 mm. while ramming
the bed it is kept moist for good compaction. Most probably there is provided 1:4:8 concrete of
thickness of 150 mm.
DPC
The damp proof course is a material which is applied to the building walls and floor against
moisture. It is like a membrane between the walls and moisture which is coming by capillary
rise. The damp proof course should be impervious, strong and durable, dimensionally stable and
free from deliquescent salts like sulfates, chlorides, and nitrates.
Cement concrete is commonly used as DPC material at plinth level. For damp and humid
atmosphere concrete is provided in a richer mix.
Virgin destinations will very likely be secured with a layer of vegetation that must be evacuated
preceding uncovering and put away independently or expelled from site. Top soil can't be
utilized for refilling as it would, after some time, cause harm to the substructure. The typical
default profundity for topsoil is 150 mm in spite of the fact that it could be more than this and a
test pit might be burrowed to precisely decide the genuine profundity. Figure 2.7 demonstrates a
5 m matrix of a review of levels taken on a proposed site.
The site is required to be diminished to a dimension of 35.62 and so as to figure the volume of
unearthing required the normal dimension of the site must be resolved. This can be effectively
done by figuring the normal dimension: Average site level = (35.90 × 5 + 35.86 × 3 + 35.89 × 2
+ 35.92 + 35.84 × 2 + 35.88 × 2 + 35.85 + 35.87 × 2)/18 = 35.87 m Reduced site level = 35.62 m
Average exhuming profundity = 0.25 m Total uncovering volume = 0.25 × 25 × 10 = 62.5 m3
Note that the dimensions have been diminished inside by 150 mm to take into account a 150 mm
thick bed of bad-to-the-bone. The highest point of the bad-to-the-bone bed when compacted will
be secured or blinded with sand to keep the clammy evidence film, a layer of polyethylene sheet

with a base thickness of 0.30 mm, being punctured by the no-nonsense. It is critical that the
material utilized as in-your-face is idle and free from synthetic substances, vegetable or different
harmful issue.
It is a prerequisite of the Building Regulations that protection is consolidated into the floor
development and for this situation, 50 mm thick inflexible protection board has been utilized.
The base of the channel uncovering when finished will be compacted preceding the solid being
poured, this is to keep the dirt from being fused into the solid and debilitating the blend. This is
especially critical when fortified cement is being utilized, where usually to daze the base of the
removal with a feeble blend concrete before the support is put in position.
Take off list and Query List