ICT100 Foundations of Information Systems Assessment 3

This project examines the Internet of Things (IoT) as an emerging trend in information systems. It analyzes the workings, advantages, and disadvantages of IoT, highlighting its impact on businesses and daily life. The project also delves into ethical issues related to IoT, such as security, privacy, and bandwidth concerns.

Foundations
of
Information Systems

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................................................3
ETHICAL ISSUES ..............................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Internet of Things is a set of centralised systems which do not need human-to-human or
human-to-system interaction for communicating with any other system. They have one central
system which controls all the sub systems and help them to send or receive data to each other using
internet without any human interaction. IoT is one of the latest technology which plays a crucial
role in modern era. It reduces the work pressure for humans in each and every sector like home,
driving, production, service sector and other.
(Source: Internet of Things, 2019)
DESCRIPTION
IoT is a huge and trending sector of IT which also uses concepts of Artificial Intelligence. It
has use in each and every sector of businesses and also helps in daily routine of life ( Zhang and
Galletta, 2015). Along with this it has many advantages and disadvantages which are discussed
below:-
How does IoT work:-
IoT is a group of machines and system, which generates a machine-to-machine
Illustration 1: Internet of Things

communication as per the commands received from central system. For example, in a production
house of ice-cream, a hub of machinery has been installed which uses IoT, and a command for
producing ice-cream get instructed to central machine. Then central machine will automatically
send commands to respective sub machines connected to it and to those which are going to be used
in production. After that as soon as sub machines get instructions, they start working accordingly. In
this process, the amount of ingredients will get automatically fetched by central system and the
instructions will get generated according to fetched information only (Smith and Wong eds., 2016).
To perform all these functions IoT have a set of operations which machine have to follow, are:-
1. Sensors use to detect the temperature and other factors,
2. Connectivity between different systems,
3. After that inserted data get processed for further understandings and working,
4. And at last it perform a user interface, by which a user come to know about the status of
work and conditions for which system was installed (Laudon and Laudon, 2015).
Interface makes the information useful for end-users through texts, mails, and notifications. For
example, the user gets text or mail when the temperature of cold storage gets increased.
Why IoT is Required:-
According to time, fast working machines along with ability of automation is a requirement.
IoT is the best solution for this problem, it has ability to work automatically as well as faster. This
eases the work of human and this also can perform multiple tasks at a time. Some of basic
importance of IoT are:-
1. Environmental Monitoring – This is the sector where IoT is playing a revolutionary role.
This makes study of environment and weather very easier (Shuraida, Barki and Luong,
2018). It also helps in geographical manner, for example, generally it happens that when the
system like phone is connected to internet and the device come close to favourite place
(stored over system) then the device automatically shows notification for that place.
2. Infrastructure Management – There IoT plays a vital role, here it is use to detect any
problem related to factors that are involved in manufacturing (Gretzel and et. al., 2015). This
help to reduce the probabilities of disasters.
3. Energy Management – This factor is concerned with reducing energy consumption of
systems which are connected to internet like cloud based, remote control for oven, lamp, etc.
Strength and weaknesses of IoT :-
IoT is all about communication between devices using internet, this have many strengths but

also have some weaknesses which are as follow:-
Strengths :-
1. Automation and control – IoT automates the inter connected devices via internet which has a
great control over working and performance.
2. Monitoring – Monitoring is one the biggest strength of IoT (Romney and Steinbart, 2015.).
It can also be used to monitor things like future weather forecast or quality of air present in
home.
3. Time – IoT is a very fast process, hence it is used to save the time and energy.
4. Money – One of the main strength of IoT is cost saving. The price of monitoring and
tagging by IoT is lesser then older trick.
Weaknesses:-
1. Compatibility – There are no standards fix for compatibility of tagging and monitoring
devices (Pearlson, Saunders and Galletta, 2016.). It will be very easy to agree for standards
like Bluetooth, USB, etc. which make it easier for anyone to connect their personal device
with IoT device and interrupt working of device.
2. High speed connectivity – IoT devices requires a high speed connectivity for stay current in
work and perform tasks in effective manner. For example, a man installs a robot in his house
for monitoring the house when he is not at home, but suddenly the connection gets lost when
the man was not at home and a thief is present into the home but the robot is not able to
notify the man due to low connectivity.
Use of IoT for business
IoT has a huge impact on businesses and in upcoming 3-4 years all the biggest of
organizations of world will make investments in IoT for improving their profitability (Use of IoT for
business, 2018). Some of these uses of IoT in business are:-
1. New revenue – IoT is a fast growing sector and it is estimated that in upcoming 20 years’
businesses throughout the world will invest up-to 41 trillion dollars to this sector. IoT
has that power to unlock new revenue models for existing and sleeping products.
2. Reduce maintenance cost – After introduction of IoT in businesses, the maintenance cost
of businesses gets reduced by 25% and in near future it is expected to come down by
35%.

3. Productivity and efficiency – IoT provides a set of instructions to the system due to
which the productivity of organization get increased and also enhances efficiency.
ETHICAL ISSUES
IoT is a latest concept in the sector of information techniques. It provides a system of
systems which interacts with each other using internet and do not need any interference of human
(Paré and et. al., 2015). This has many benefits but some ethical issues a business can face due to it
are:-
1. Security – It is very easy for an expert to hack a system and break it's security. IoT is also a
system which can be hacked by a hacker or another system and steal the information stored
on it. These types of information can be private or any secrete like formula that an
organization may use for their production.
2. Privacy – It is concerned to privacy of data stored on the system. It is concerned with two
factors, one is related to security and another is related to permission of data storage. In
these conditions, system is more likely to get affected by DDOS attack (a type of online
hacking attack on system) for breaking privacy of system.
3. Bandwidth – It was assessed that around 25 billion devices were connected to internet and
by 2020 his will raise up-to double (McCoy, Everard and Jones, 2015.). This will create a
problem of increase in traffic on internet. By which the speed of working will get slower, as
the number of resources are limited and when the resources will get engaged with one
system then other will have to go in parking.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is concluded that, IoT is a latest technology in IT which uses some
concepts of AI. IoT is an integrated system of machines which do not need any human-to-human or
human-to-system interaction, they use internet to communicate with each other, according to
command given to them (Mai and et. al, 2017). Nowadays, each and every sector uses IoT either it
is business or it is home or it is concerned about driving, IoT is everywhere. As IoT has many
advantages but also has many disadvantages which are not negligible, for this organizations can
make some measures to increase security of system. This can be done by making system robust, by
which system can identify the third party interruption and take essential steps to prevent system by
getting hacked on that moment only.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Gretzel, U. and et. al., 2015. Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystems.
Computers in Human Behavior. 50. pp.558-563.
Laudon, K. C. and Laudon, J. P., 2015. Management information systems (Vol. 8). Prentice Hall.
Mai, B. and et. al, 2017. Neuroscience foundations for human decision making in information
security: a general framework and experiment design. In Information Systems and
Neuroscience (pp. 91-98). Springer, Cham.
McCoy, S., Everard, A. and Jones, B. M., 2015. Foundations of Information Systems Course
Content: A Comparison of Assigned Value by Faculty, Recruiters, and Students. CAIS. 36.
p.35.
Paré, G. and et. al., 2015. Synthesizing information systems knowledge: A typology of literature
reviews. Information & Management. 52(2). pp.183-199.
Pearlson, K. E., Saunders, C. S. and Galletta, D. F., 2016. Managing and Using Information
Systems, Binder Ready Version: A Strategic Approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Romney, M. B. and Steinbart, P. J., 2015. Accounting information systems. Boston, MA: Pearson.
Shuraida, S., Barki, H. and Luong, A., 2018. Empirical Research in Information Systems: 2001–
2015. Foundations and Trends® in Information Systems, 2(3). pp.237-295.
Smith, L. C. and Wong, M. A. eds., 2016. Reference and Information Services: An Introduction: An
Introduction. ABC-CLIO.
Zhang, P. and Galletta, D. F., 2015. Foundations of human-computer interaction in management
information systems: an introduction. In Human-computer interaction and management
information systems: foundations (pp. 15-32). Routledge.
Online
Use of IoT for business. 2018 [Online]. Available through<https://scrape.works/blog/top-7-
applications-of-iot-in-business/>/.