Chain of Infection and Mode of Transmission for Tuberculosis

HNB1102 Assessment 1
Mrs Smith was diagnosed with active tuberculosis.
1. In relation to Mrs Smith, complete the following chain of infection below and discuss in detail the
mode of transmission for the infectious agent. (200 words)
Infectious agent Mrs. Smith is dealing with Tuberculosis. A conceivably
genuine irresistible bacterial infection that primarily
influences the lungs. Specifically, if it is talked about the
bacteria that cause TB are spread when a tainted individual
hacks or sniffles. Therefore, the infectious agent is bacteria.
Reservoir Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It's spread when an individual
with dynamic TB ailment in their lungs hacks or sniffles and
another person breathes in droplets which contain TB
microscopic organisms1.
Portal of exit Sneezing is considered to be one of the crucial portal of exit
that can spread tuberculosis quickly to other human bodies.
Including this, coughing is another crucial portal of exit which
may spread the microscopic organism of tuberculosis. Away
with this, saliva which may also contain bacteria of
tuberculosis. Therefore, these are said to be some of the
crucial elements that may be considered as portal of exit for
TB.
Mode of transmission Specifically, the mode of transmission that came in front of
tuberculosis are both direct and indirect contact with the
1 Mill, J. E., Allen, M. N., & Morrow, R. A. (2016). Critical theory: Critical methodology to disciplinary
foundations in nursing. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive, 33(2).

other person. Along with this, inhalation of the water droplets
that comes out of mouth at the time of sneezing or coughing.
On the other hand, if it is talk about the spread of
tuberculosis then droplets that comes out of a person's
mouth who already has TB and if these droplets reaches to
respiratory system of other person then it can directly
transfer the bacteria or microorganism of tuberculosis and
make the other person deal with it.
Portal of entry Respiratory tract can be considered as one of the crucial
portal of entry for microorganisms tuberculosis in order to
enter in other person’s body.
Susceptible hosts People with ineffective immune system can be considered as
susceptible hosts.
2. Define standard precautions. Identify and discuss two principles of standard precautions that should
be applied to Mrs Smith’s care, with rationale. (200 words)
In the case given for Mrs Smith's care, there are two principal of standard precautions that can be
undertaken for applied are:
1. Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette: Cough Etiquette and Respiratory cleanliness would help in
reducing the spread of disease avoidance measures are intended to restrict the transmission of
respiratory pathogens spread by bead or airborne courses2. The procedures target fundamentally
Mrs Smith and people going with patients to the health care setting who may have undiscovered
transmissible respiratory contaminations, yet additionally apply to anybody with indications of
disease including coughing, runny nose, blockage, or expanded creation of respiratory emissions.
2. Personal protective equipment: Personal protective equipment (PPE) alludes to wearable gear
that is intended to shield DHCP from introduction to or contact with irresistible specialists. PPE
that is suitable for different sorts of patient cooperation and successfully covers individual apparel
and skin prone to be grimy with blood, salivation, or other possibly irresistible materials (OPIM)
ought to be accessible. These incorporate gloves, face covers, defensive eye wear, face shields,
and defensive garments (example: coat, lab coat, reusable or expendable outfit).
Reason behind adopting these two principles of standard precautions is that tuberculosis can be spread
through sneezing, which may lead the other individual to get contaminated with the microorganisms of
tuberculosis.
3. Define transmission-based precautions. Identify and discuss two principles of transmission-based
precautions that should be applied to Mrs Smith’s care, with rationale. (200 words)
2 Potter, P. A & Hall, A. (2016). Fundamentals of Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier health sciences.

Transmission based precautions can be defined as extra estimates centered around the specific method of
transmission and are consistently notwithstanding standard precautionary measures. They are assembled
into classes as per the course of transmission of the irresistible specialist. On the other hand, if it is talk
about the two principles of transmission based precautions (According to that can be applied in the case
of Mrs Smith’s care are:
 Contact safety measures: Contact safety measures expect to forestall the spread of an irresistible
operator by immediate or roundabout contact with patients or administration clients and human
services laborers who are giving consideration related exercises3. A case of microscopic organisms
that may be spread by contact transmission like in the case of Mrs Smith who was dealing with
tuberculosis (TB).
 Droplet safety measures: Droplet safety measures identify with irresistible specialists that might
be spread from the respiratory tract by hacking, sniffling or in any event, talking. Their capacity to
spread is restricted, as they just stay noticeable all around for brief timeframes and can't travel
farther than a meter in the case of Mrs Smith who has tuberculosis. This implies the spread is
restricted to close contact. Instances of irresistible illnesses that would require bead
precautionary measures incorporate flu and bacterial meningitis).
Using the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standard (NSQHS) for preventing falls and injury in
a healthcare setting, answer the following questions.
Web-link: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/our-work/assessment-to-the-nsqhs-standards/nsqhs-
standards-second-edition/
4. Refer to the NSQHS for comprehensive care and discuss the importance of this standard, in relation to
Mrs Smith’s current falls risk situation. (300 words)
By considering the past medical conditions of Mrs. Smith describe that she is suffering from hypertension,
tuberculosis, macular degeneration and Type II Diabetes Mellitus. At the present time she is fallen on the
floor at the last night that is dangerous for her if she travel and go outside from her house. In terms of her
instincts and relatives need to be taken care offer her health and for this few prominent standards are
important that are evaluated below:
 Clinical government standard as its purpose is to make sure that the clinical governance is
executed properly in order to make sure that patient get safe and prominent Healthcare. This is
standard is important as it make sure that there is a proper system in NSQHS in order to maintain
and enhance the reliability quality and safety of the Healthcare conditions that are provided to
their patients. Along with this it is important for the NSQHS as it easily recognise the significance
of leadership culture chemical performance governance and the safety system of patients within
the environment to deliver their significant quality of care4
 By considering the present situation of Mrs. Smith, Partnering with customers’ standard is
3 Morse, J. M. (2016). Analyzing and conceptualizing the theoretical foundations of nursing. Springer
Publishing Company.