Case Study Analysis: Romance Fraud and Cybercrime (CCJ3026)

This case study analyzes the romance fraud case involving Yoshe Ann Taylor, examining how she was a victim of an online dating scam. The report begins with an introduction to cybercrime and romance fraud, followed by a detailed overview of the case, including the victim's background and the events leading to her arrest. The core of the analysis involves applying the General Theory of Crime (GTC) and Lifestyle Exposure Theory to understand the victim's vulnerability and the criminal's actions. The GTC is used to explain the victim's low self-control and propensity for risk-taking, while Lifestyle Exposure Theory examines how the victim's circumstances made her susceptible to victimization. The case study then offers prevention strategies, such as recognizing red flags in online relationships and protecting personal data. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and implications of the analysis, reinforcing the importance of awareness and caution in online interactions to prevent falling prey to romance fraud.

ROMANCE FRAUD

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
ROMANCE FRAUD, CASE STUDY OVERVIEW.............................................................1
GENERAL THEORY OF CRIME........................................................................................2
LIFESTYLE EXPOSURE THEORY....................................................................................3
THEORIES APPLIED ON GIVEN CASE STUDY..............................................................3
PREVENTION STRATEGIES..............................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Cybercrime is defined as the computer internet crime which involves a computer and
internet. As per this, this is refers as crime which is driven by use of internet as using source like
computer and mobile phone. This is also stated that cybercrime may threaten a person. Company
or a nation security and their privacy. Whereas, major of the cybercrime are held with personal
reason and financial region (Cho and et. al., 2017). Generally, in this the criminal used to steel
and collect personal by using hacking and other way. As per this they threaten people and this all
scenario comes under the cybercrime. Moreover, this report cover about a case study of romance
fraud by Yoshe Ann Taylor. By using proper and relevant theory such as General Theory of
Crime (GTC) and Lifestyle Exposure Theory understand the case study. In addition to this the
prospect of these theory and their outcome are discussed.
MAIN BODY
ROMANCE FRAUD, CASE STUDY OVERVIEW
Yoshe Ann Taylor is the full name of that victim in which the case study is reviewed. As
per this Ms Taylor was single and at that time she lost their job. At per present time she met a
guy on internet named Nwoko. They both used to start online dating in 2013. in addition to this,
the story gone started when she travel to Cambodia and total fair is paid by her boyfriend
Nwoko. In Cambodia they both met for the first time. She came back after a week to their home
town. In this, as per the Cambodian court of appeal judge Chandaravann, Nwoko asked Taylor to
come back. Moreover, she is suffering from stomach issue and abdomen pain at that time and as
per this she refused to come. In going brief analysis, her boyfriend offer startup shop which name
is Khmer Arts and Craft which is in Queensland. In order to this he is ready to pay all the
expenses in travel (Drew 2020). With this all, she was ready to take flight and reach to Nwoko
and they celebrate their holiday to the Elephant Mountain in southern Cambodia. As according to
the given proposal pf shop, he have legal document and armed with various documentation
which look real. In continuation she used to take the option of rental business in sunshine coast.
In overall, she traveled their time to Cambodia and on September 18, 2013 she come back to
home. She was caught with red handed with bag in airport while she was coming back from
Cambodia. As per the Ms Taylor the bag was given by her boyfriend Nwoko in context to parcel
someone.
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As per all, the legal team of Ms Taylor they used to refuse the bag identity with Ms
Taylor. By this allegation she was taking under court and legal action. As a mother she faced
various issue. The Cambodian court accepted the hearing on Friday where Ms Taylor was lured
to Phnom Penh in late 2013 on the promise of love and career in the arts and crafts firm which
was offered by her boyfriend Nwoko. In addition to this case study, some analysis are drive like
she was indulged with highly organized scam which is govern by international drug smuggling
syndicate, as per this Ms Taylor was tricked and trapped by online love. With the aspect of
meeting with boyfriend she used to carry bags which is fill of heroin through Phnom Penh airport
which weight is about 2.2 kilogram. In July 2018, the supreme court quashed Ms Taylor
conviction on basis of this that she is not aware about any circumstance about drug carrying.
Court remitted the case and made a charge against her act hardly at December 2016 appeal.
While from this the decision are predominately changes as per the evidence and proof. Lastly
judges make a favored look in that case when arresting officer made a support with case by
saying that she is really not aware by this that she is carrying drugs because number of time the
bags are checked but not even find anything. On the basis of this the evidence is already
provided to court in 2014 while trail is going (Hartle and et. al., 2019). As per the various
investigation it is identified that the export and import business is run by a Nigerian guy name
Precious Chewe Nwoko.
In addition to this Nwoko was taking down in prison for 30 years but a girl also arrested
with same pattern of case. She is also unaware about this that she is carrying a full bag of drugs.
This women is arrested in Melbourne. She traveled Cambodia on the promise of marrying her.
On her arrival he was stated that her boyfriend taken her for urgent business trip. In reality her
boyfriend who promised to marrying is sitting in prison cell only a short distance form her hotel.
In this, she also carry approx two kilogram of drug. She was arrested in airport of Melbourne and
she stated that she unaware from this all and she is clear victim of online love and date and now
this scam. After this all, the arrested women provide brief detail statement to the Australian
Federal Police (Walters 2020). So, as per this overall discussion this is observe that this is clear
case of online love and after that this became an scam.
GENERAL THEORY OF CRIME
As per this theory, it state that a individual which is doing crime or behavior which show
low self control. As per this, Gottfredson and Hirschi's given theory which show the crime
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explicitly aim to explain the various form of crime. They also provide a difference between
criminality and crime. Criminality state that the inclination or tendency to criminal behavior and
crime is about an act which is taken in such aspect which broke the rule an regulation of law and
fully unethical in nature. In addition to this they both state that crime can only take place when
people is not able to control their mind, they have habit to seek the opportunity to crime. Overall,
from this the decisive factor is the criminality of the accurate perpetrate (Jansen Van Rensburg
2018). With this theory, tendency of crime and which us work by a criminal is predominately in
low self control. This low self control n develop in very early age of development when the age
is growing.
As per the recommendation with psychology to understanding this concept is somehow
easy. In this Freud discover a principle which is based on self control named as pleasure
principle and reality principle. The pleasure principle state that a individual must focus on their
happiness part of life and avoid unnecessary pain in their life. This all behavior is developed in
growing age and individual must know the path to ignoring pain. In this theory, various
researcher find that the general theory of crime is sustainable but there is emerging confirmation
of some prediction. Their is meta analysis which confirmed that a person self control is an fact of
strong predictor of crime and when it compared to range pf factor in several stage of analysis.
LIFESTYLE EXPOSURE THEORY
There are number of theories which is exist on based with theories of Victimology. The
main aim of this theory is to explain about how and why normal people deviate himself for
committing crime. In this context, there are several people who have not indulged with any type
of crime for longer and suddenly commit crime so what are aspect and behavior which intend
them to do crime. In overall, the theory which is based of lifestyle and exposure, this model of
victimology elaborate the a individual will suffer a personal victimization which try to overcome
from their lifestyle which make him pain for long time (Kigerl 2020). This instigate individual to
go on path of crime. As per this, it is analyzed the most of criminal usually commit crime in
night. In this, the life style theory based on various premises.
THEORIES APPLIED ON GIVEN CASE STUDY
As per the given case study, both the theories are applied and the outcomes which is
possible made is mentioned below:
General theory of crime:
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 In relation to case study, this theory also stated that some viewpoint. As per the Ms
Taylor, she is totally involved in love and loss their self control.
 In context with this case, she is not aware by the behavior of her boyfriend because she
was totally fall in love with him.
 As per this Ms Taylor lost their job and she searched for new job. In addition to this she
meet online with Nwoko and he used to made plan for their shop and by this she is facing
financial problem (Lynch 2018). On this aspect, she is loss their self control because she
wanted to make money and make life good for their children. As per the view point of Nwoko, he already know that after some of chatting that Ms
Taylor facing problem regards with various aspect. He offered him shop and business
funds, she just accept the deal and this make an approach of criminality in both of them
for profit and loss.
Lifestyle exposure of theory:
 As per the view point of Ms Taylor, she is facing various problem regards with their life,
first one she is facing issue with their job and also worry about their child future and this
things deviate him.
 In context with this theory, Ms Taylor was ambitious and sensitive while all upon this at
same time Nwoko meet him on online dating, he is funny and rich, not totally but these
thing she loved him and start hoping for better life style.
 Nwoko offer Ms Taylor a shop of craft and art and that make him trustful for her
boyfriend. Now apart from this, Nwoko use the emotion and feeling of her for their drug
smuggling.
PREVENTION STRATEGIES
The cyber crime is going abruptly very fast now day because of increasing social media
uses. In this present time, there are number of people are far away from their loved one, social
media or by internet they come close for short time. Apart from this, there are several application
which is used as an dating app for people (Nayak 2019). They date people and start loving. In
internet many thing are going virtual but in reality it is far differ from these all internet world,
various scam and fraud are going through internet which come under cyber crime. To reduce this
some of strategies are being followed in aspect with theory. As per this some of the signs which
is must acknowledge before dating.
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 The victim receives images and photos which is not realistic, usually taken from internet
sources.
 The account of the admirer was differ on dating site on social media.
 In aspect to this, the individual present himself as successful businessman working.
 The text which is sent by scammer is full with mistake and claim to have good eduction.
 As in starting of relationship the scammer provide victim with lot of term like baby and
darling.
The criminal express their love in short period of time.
Above all to avoid these
 Protect of their personal data
 Select real and serious people for communicate
 With communication also conduct investigation through photos and other way to identify
the realness in chat (Nofziger and et. al., 2020).
 Never send money in context with any term like health problem and others.
 Informed to closest people for this
So, as per the above these are prevention strategies which bis followed by people to safe
and secure from fraud and scam which is ongoing now day.
CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion, cybercrime is happen now day by using personal data by
hacker and someone and they start threaten people for money and others. In addition to this, a
case study is above analysed which is an example of romance fraud. The online dating turns into
victim of international drug smuggler. So, as per this, there are various strategies which is used
by people to eradicate this issue.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Cho and et. al., 2017. Applying the lifestyle routine activities theory to understand physical and
nonphysical peer victimization. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 26(3),
pp.297-315.
Drew, J.M., 2020. A study of cybercrime victimisation and prevention: exploring the use of
online crime prevention behaviours and strategies. Journal of Criminological Research,
Policy and Practice.
Hartle and et. al., 2019. Cyber Investigations, A Law Enforcement Needs
Assessment. International Journal of Cyber Research and Education (IJCRE), 1(2),
pp.62-77.
Jansen Van Rensburg, S., 2018. Contextualising social engineering through criminological
theorising. Acta Criminologica: African Journal of Criminology & Victimology, 31(3),
pp.1-19.
Kigerl, A., 2020. Spam-Based Scams. The Palgrave Handbook of International Cybercrime and
Cyberdeviance, pp.877-897.
Lynch, M.J., 2018. Conflict and Crime: Marx, Engels, Marxist/Radical Criminology, and the
Explanation of Crime. The handbook of the history and philosophy of criminology.
Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, pp.84-101.
Nayak, P., 2019. Police infrastructure, training, adequate staff & co-ordination related
challenges in cyber financial security. International Journal of Social and Economic
Research, 9(3), pp.272-278.
Nofziger and et. al., 2020. Revisiting the Concept of Stability in the General Theory of
Crime. Crime & Delinquency, 66(6-7), pp.739-769.
Walters, G.D., 2020. Positive Peers—The Neglected Stepchildren of Social Influence Theories
of Crime. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 48(5), pp.719-732.
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