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Functional Groups in Chemistry | Properties and Structure

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Added on  2022-08-11

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Essays should be written in APA format with appropriate references and should be long enough to completely address the topic but must be a minimum of 500 words in length (note – a 500-word essay may not give you the full points for the assignment – this is a minimum to receive any credit). The essay will be evaluated on content – not just the length of the essay. The essay should have a title page but an abstract is not needed. I expect the essays to include information from multiple sources other than your textbook and ALL information should be referenced with APA format in-text citations and a reference list. The Hodges University Written Communication Rubric will be used to grade the essays. Essay #2 – Function Groups Functional groups are an important part of the characteristics of macromolecules. We discussed six of the most common functional groups involved in the structures of macromolecules. 

Functional Groups in Chemistry | Properties and Structure

   Added on 2022-08-11

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Running head: FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Functional groups
Name of the student:
Name of the University:
Author’s note
Functional Groups in Chemistry | Properties and Structure_1
1FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Organic molecules have their own specific type of functional groups that plays a role in
the formation of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. They confer specific properties to
macromolecules. Six types of functional groups include hydroxyl, carbonyl, methyl, sulfhydryl,
amino and phosphate. It is mainly formed by chains of carbon atoms where occasionally nitrogen
or oxygen atoms are substituted. This essay will explore the structure and functional properties
of each functional group and provide examples of specific macromolecules.
Hydroxyl group comprise one carbon atom and one hydrogen atom. The chemical
formula of the group is R–OH. The R in the formula stands for carbon backbone. Hydroxyl
group is mainly found in sugars and alcohols. Some examples of alcohols containing this
functional groups include methanol and propenol. Hydroxyl groups are polar in nature and they
play a role in many chemical reactions. They take part in hydrogen binding and it makes many
water insoluble compound water soluble if they posses two or more functional groups (Brown &
Poon, 2016). Examples of some molecules with hydroxyl groups include glucose and nucleic
acids like adenine.
The second important functional group is carbonyl which is also polar and reactive in
nature. Carbon atoms are double bonded to an oxygen atom to form this functional group. The
structure of carbonyl group is given in figure 1. The polarity is thee main feature of carbonyl
group which works to influence the solubility of any compound by changing melting and boiling
points. Aldehydes and ketones mostly possess carbonyl groups. The third type of function groups
includes methyl which is mainly non-polar in nature. It mainly consists of one carbon atom
bonded to three hydrogen atoms. Some of the unique functions of methyl group are that they are
able to form non-polar covalent bond and it is hydrophobic. Methyl groups property of sharing
Functional Groups in Chemistry | Properties and Structure_2

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