Fundamentals of Operating Systems and Programming

This document provides answers to questions related to the fundamentals of operating systems and programming. It covers topics such as data encryption, role-based user accounts, device drivers, batch processing, and the RIOT operating system for IoT.

Running head: FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING
Fundamentals of Operating Systems and Programming
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors note

1FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING
Section 1
Answer to Question 1
With the existing features, the new features will include the data confidentiality using
the data encryption [5]. As the IoT devices collects user’s personal information in order to
provide personalized services thus encryption of the collected as well as transmitted data
needs to be managed by the Operating system.
In addition to that, another feature that needs to be included is the machine learning
capabilities. This will let the operating system to provide personalized services and
optimization for the appliances.
Answer to Question 2
The Linux as well as Windows are able to provide different role based user accounts
that can help in securing the resources from unauthorised access against the intrusion and
attacks. Both, the operating system have inbuilt firewall applications that are the first defence
against any kind of malicious attack [2]. Furthermore, the operating systems are able to use
virtual memory in order to run and execute applications that are running at a given point of
time. The operating system suffers from the memory fragmentation due to the issues in the
reading and writing the files on the hard drives. Windows as well as Linux systems are able
to run as server on low-memory computing systems. Automated task scheduling and
execution are supported by the operating systems. In Linux this is handled by “cron” on the
other hand the Windows manages the same using the Task Scheduler [1]. The operating
systems, maintains the file system for the in a tree like structure with the directories and its
contents. Both the operating systems are multitasking and multiprocessing systems.

2FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING
Answer to Question 3
The Operating system uses the device drivers in order to handle the hardware’s. The
device drivers are small sized programs that are stored on the hard drive of the computer that
instructs the computer to communicate with hardware device. This helps in interaction with
the printers, modem, network card. On the other hand, basic input/output system or the BIOS
is hard-coded on the motherboard that controls the input and output from and to the operating
system [7]. The ROM BIOS chip or firmware chip also helps in the management of the
devices. The BIOS are categorised in three categories, first is the program that control I/O
devices, next one is the program to that controls start-up of the computer and the last one is
helpful in changing the setup information which is stored on CMOS [10]. Through the use of
this components the OS manages the interaction with the different devices attached to the
system. In simple words it can be stated that the kernel of the operating system instructs the
BIOS for the interacting with available devices.
Answer to Question 4
Batch processing is important for the processing of the batched processes at later time
in order make the scarce resources for the users at any peak time. With the improved
processing of the tasks can help in ensuring that the CPU is used as efficiently as possible
[2]. The computer systems do not have to wait for the operator in order to load the programs
as well as data for the process. Even though batch processing in the operating systems are
developed years ago but this are considered important even today [10]. On the contrary the
batch processing is mainly important for the offline system but as there is cloud based
computing systems are available to the users and they can get scaled computing resources
according to the requirement thus it can be stated that in the present day, the Batch processing
is not that important.

3FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING
Answer to Question 5
From the analysis of the different available information systems it can be stated that
the RIOT is one of the most important and efficient OS for IoT. Developed in a modular
manner, this OS ensures the minimal memory usage [6]. It can run with few hundred bytes of
RAM. In addition to that, with the support to the entire network stack required for IoT such
as 802.15.4 Zigbee protocol, ICMP66, LoWPAN, RPL, Ipv6, CoAP and so on. Furthermore,
it also supports the, static as well as dynamic memory allocation for the efficient usage of the
resources.
Section 2
Answer to question 1
Changing password to “mypssd”
Login with the new password

4FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING
Answer to question 2
Getting back to the home directory of the user,
Answer to question 3

5FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING
Copying files from /etc
Answer to question 4
Creating temp2.dir

6FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING
Copying all the content of temp.dir to temp2.dir
Answer to question 5

7FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING
Answer to question 6
With the use of the “stat” command the last modification date can be checked.
Answer to question 7
Using the ls –al option it is possible to list all the files even with the files with name
starting with .
Answer to question 8

8FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING
Answer to question 9
Answer to question 10

9FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING
Answer to question 11
Checking the logged in user using “who” command.
Answer to question 12
For the created file I would not be able to change permission. For the recently
created file there is only write permission for the owner by default assigned by the
operating system. Therefore, in this case only the friend has the write and change
permission ability. Therefore, in order to be able to change the permission for other users
who would be able to change the status which is not available in this scenario.
Answer to question 13

10FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING
Answer to question 14
Changing permission to rwxr-xr-x
Answer to question 15
Removing the executable permission on the pertestfile.

11FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING

12FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING
References
[1] A. Adamov and A. Carlsson, “The state of ransomware. Trends and mitigation
techniques,” in Proceedings of 2017 IEEE East-West Design and Test Symposium, EWDTS
2017, 2017.
[2] S. Papadimitriou and L. Moussiades, “A Comparative Evaluation of Core Kernel
Features of the Recent Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris and Windows Operating Systems,” Proc.
World Congr. Eng., 2016.
[3] F. K. Santoso and N. C. H. Vun, “Securing IoT for smart home system,” in
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, ISCE, 2015.
[4] Y. Bin Zikria, M. K. Afzal, F. Ishmanov, S. W. Kim, and H. Yu, “A survey on
routing protocols supported by the Contiki Internet of things operating system,” Futur. Gener.
Comput. Syst., 2018.
[5] A. C. G. Anadiotis, L. Galluccio, S. Milardo, G. Morabito, and S. Palazzo,
“Towards a software-defined Network Operating System for the IoT,” in IEEE World Forum
on Internet of Things, WF-IoT 2015 - Proceedings, 2015.
[6] E. Baccelli, O. Hahm, M. Gunes, M. Wahlisch, and T. Schmidt, “RIOT OS:
Towards an OS for the Internet of Things,” 2014.
[7] A. Celesti, D. Mulfari, M. Fazio, M. Villari, and A. Puliafito, “Exploring
Container Virtualization in IoT Clouds,” in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart
Computing, SMARTCOMP 2016, 2016.
[8] B. Martinez, M. Montón, I. Vilajosana, and J. D. Prades, “The Power of Models:
Modeling Power Consumption for IoT Devices,” IEEE Sens. J., 2015.

13FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMMING
[9] M. A. Lopez, A. G. P. Lobato, and O. C. M. B. Duarte, “A performance
comparison of open-source stream processing platforms,” in 2016 IEEE Global
Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2016 - Proceedings, 2016.
[10] V. Laxkar, P. Lahane, and M. Mhatre, HOD, “Evolution of Operating System,”
IJARCCE, 2018.