Fundamentals of Science - Assignment
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Added on 2020-04-21
Fundamentals of Science - Assignment
Added on 2020-04-21
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FUNDAMENTALS OF SCIENCE1FUNDAMENTALS OF SCIENCEStudent’s NameCourseProfessor’s NameUniversityCity (State)Date
FUNDAMENTALS OF SCIENCE2Task 3 [M1]From the neutralization titration carried out in tasks two and three, it is apparent that titrations depend on the chemical reaction between a standard solution and an unknown reagent. For instance, sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. The measuring instruments and the indicator mark the chemical equivalence point. Once the specified color appears, then the titration is said to have reached the endpoint. In the experiments, precise methods were used. However, the pipette and burette used were less accurate. The burette needed to be refilled since it has limited amount rating (Agilent Technologies, 2017). Therefore, experimental errors could arise. First, parallax error while reading the final volume of the burette after titration. Secondly, inability to read the instantaneous point when the color changes. However, such errors were easily mitigated by carrying out readings at the eyes level aswell as a test titration and subsequent triplicate titrations. Thus, the key features of the periodic table deduced from the conclusions made from the experiments are explained below.“The periodic table consists of vertical columns called groups and horizontal rows called periods.It is evident that elements are arranged left to right in increasing order of atomic numbers.” As such, the periodic table consists of 7 periods and 18 groups. The elements are placed on their respective periods depending on their number of shells in their atoms (Annets, Foale and Hartley,2010). Also, elements that belong to the “same group have similar chemical and physical (solid, liquid or gaseous) properties” (Coyne, 2006). Due to this, elements of different groups react to form a compound. For example, Sodium carbonate Na2CO3(s) is a compound formed by Sodium, carbon, and Oxygen. Sodium a metal in period 3 group 1 and atomic number 11 of the periodic table. On the other hand, Oxygen is a non-metal in period 2 and group 6 and atomic
FUNDAMENTALS OF SCIENCE3number 8. Also, Carbon is a non-metal in period 2 group 4. As a result, the RMM of sodium carbonate is 106g, and its concentration calculated from the same concept.Task 4 [D1]Standard Solutions and Titrations in IndustryTitration refers to a chemistry laboratory method employed to measure the concentration of a chemical accurately. Once the titration a chemical balance between the titrant and the substance of unknown molarity is reached, the titration endpoint is reached. Titration is essential in science since it helps in determining the purity of substances and finding unknown chemicals. Mainly, purity measurement is imperative in quality control for the manufacture of cosmetics, food, and drugs in industries (Dean, 2009).On the other hand, a “standard solution is a solution whose molarity is known and is usually measured in Moles/ Litre.” Then, the standard solution is used to determine the concentration of a solution. While making the standard substance, it is imperative to measure the accurate mass ofthe solution. Moreover, it is required that all the solution be transferred to a volumetric flask so that accuracy is maintained. Standard solutions are used in industries. Manufacturers carry out rigorous tests before using them in quality assurance as to ascertain their accuracy (Johnstone, 2012). In industries, titrationscould be carried out without the presence of the laboratory staff. However, other processes such as the manual addition of the titrant and the indicator could be similar to the ones carried out in institutions’ laboratories (Pearson, 2017).The main difference between industrial and school laboratory preparation of standard solutions isthe process and equipment used. Notably, in the industry, it can be prepared without supervision
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