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Assignment on Structures of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

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Added on  2020-05-08

Assignment on Structures of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

   Added on 2020-05-08

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Running head: FUNDAMENTALS OF SCIENCETask 5- Fundamentals of scienceName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor Note
Assignment on Structures of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle_1
FUNDAMENTALS OF SCIENCE1Comparative cytology (Cardiac and Skeletal muscles)The ability of animals to voluntarily carry out their actions with the help of musclesdistinguishes them from other organisms. This action is generally brought about by changes inmuscle cells length, by the process of muscle contraction. The three types of muscle,distinguished on the basis of their structure and function are: skeletal, cardiac and smoothmuscle. This assignment will compare the structures of skeletal and cardiac muscle and willillustrate their structural, histological and functional differences.Cardiac muscles are found only in the heart. During systolic phase, they contract andpump blood away from the heart, to distant body parts. This supplies necessary oxygen to allcells. On the other hand, the skeletal muscles remain attached to tendons, which in turn areconnected to bones. Contractions of these muscles make the tendons pull on the bones. Thisleads to movement of the arms 1.There are few similarities between cardiac and skeletal muscles. Both of them contain t-tubules that help in conduction of action potential. These action potentials trigger calcium flowthat facilitates muscle contraction. There is more number of t-tubules in skeletal fibres. However,they are wider in the cardiac muscles. Anothercommontraitistheirstriatedstructure.They have thin, thick and elasticfilaments that form sarcomeres. They are formed of actin and myosin myofilaments and the actin1Hall, J.E., 2015.Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Assignment on Structures of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle_2
FUNDAMENTALS OF SCIENCE2sldies over myosin during contraction 2. These bands differ in color and density. Interactionsbetween the thin and thick filaments and action of ATP enable muscle contraction (Figure 1).Figure 1- Model of a Sarcomere 3One of the main differences lies in the variation in contraction pattern. On raising an arm,the brain produces an action potential through the somatic nervous system. This action potentialgets transferred to the muscles and depolarises the T-tubules 4. Calcium gated ion channels open2Bourne, G. ed., 2014.The Structure and Function of Muscle V4: Pharmacology and Disease(Vol. 4). Elsevier.3Researchgate.net (2017) <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271853212_Localization_of_the_sodium-potassium-chloride_cotransporter_gene_slc12a2_protein_products_during_zebrafish_embryogenesis_and_myogenesis_and_a_screen_for_additional_antibodies_to_study_zebrafish_myogen> accessed 16 October 20174Pocock, G., Richards, C.D. and Richards, D., 2013.Human physiology. Oxford university press.
Assignment on Structures of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle_3

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