Future Farming Technologies Report

FUTURE FARMING TECHNOLOGIES REPORT 1
FUTURE FARMING TECHNOLOGIES REPORT
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FUTURE FARMING TECHNOLOGIES REPORT 2
Graph 1
The blue line marked ‘esw’ represents the extractable soil water with the variables being
rain, esw, and the constant time. The ‘esw’ graph presents with irregularity directly proportional
to the rainfall patterns. Thus, it rises with increased soil water content due to increased rainfall,
and similarly, it drops with the fall in the rain. The irregular ‘esw’ is directly proportional to the
rainfall since, with the increase in precipitation, there is increased soil water content and with
considerable soil and plant properties in the area, the ‘esw’ will increase however a fall in
rainfall would introduce soil water loss mechanisms such as evaporation and without
replenishment from frequent rain, the esw will drop gradually until another period of rainfall
commences then it steadily rises again (Newbwerry et al., 2017).
Graph 2
The blue and red lines are representations of the cumulative runoffs. The blue line
represents overland flow on a clay fallow and the red one on sand fallow with variables as
cumulative runoffs, rain, and constant time. The graph shows that clay fallow has a higher
cumulative runoff compared to the sand fallow. This is because these two soil types both have
different properties contributing to their water retention and saturation abilities (Abu-Hamdeh et
al., 2018). Sand, on the other hand, has coarse and large grains which allow for water infiltration
hence constant unsaturation, and little cumulative runoffs since most of the rainwater often seep
much deeper into the soil making runoffs minimal unless it is on a low land with water table
close to the surface.
Graph 3

FUTURE FARMING TECHNOLOGIES REPORT 3
The blue line represents the surface organic matter in a soil sample over a year with
variables of rain and surface organic matter cover and constant time. The blue line appears to be
irregularly declining with a relation to the rainfall pattern since during minimal rainfalls the
graph seems to be on a plateau phase indicating zero decline however presence of rainfall seems
to initiate the drop further with each moment the decline being even much steeper than the
previous decline throughout the year. This is relative since at the beginning there are tremendous
plant and animal residues (Saunders and Rogers, 2017).
Graph 4
The line represents cumulative runoffs in clay soils of different characteristics with
variables of cumulative runoffs, rain, and constant time. The blue line represents cumulative
runoffs in clay fallow while the red line represents cumulative runoffs on clay soil with residue.
The two characteristic soil samples have different cumulative runoff rates with clay fallow
having a higher capacity than the clay residue. This is because clay fallow has been exposed to
the erosion agents such as wind and rain which have removed the top loose soil layer that first
absorbs the water.
Graph 5
The three lines represent nutrient used in, and as fertilizers, the blue line represents Urea,
the red line nitrate whereas the green line the ammonium component with these also as the
variables and constant time. The graph shows the Urea curve surging by exponentially rising and
similarly declining at the same rate. This is because Urea when introduced into the soil, it is
converted to ammonia/ammonium ions a reaction catalyzed by specific soil bacteria. With time,
ammonium will accumulate as Urea gets depleted. Ammonium ions are also oxidized through