Ways of Learning about the Social World

This document explores the ways of learning about the social world, focusing on gender, gender roles, and gender inequality. It also discusses different types of crimes and their impact on society. The document provides insights into the concepts and issues related to these topics.

Ways of Learning about the
Social World

Table of Contents
“Ways of Learning about the Social World”...................................................................................1
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................5

“Ways of Learning about the Social World”
In present word, the term social world is mainly applied to the 'universe of discourse' by
which most common organisation, symbols and activities linked with one another to gain a main
objective of world (Brantingham and Brantingham, 2013). Gender is not something that
individuals are born with and not something they actually have, but related to something they
perform. Gender is complex as it can or may not rely on genetic factors. Gender social concept is
a philosophy of feminism and sociology regarding the function of sexual and gender distinctions
of societies. As per this concept, gender roles are established by community and tradition so
these positions are defined as desirable or suitable actions for a individual of that particular sex.
More precisely, it is a definition that explains how cultures define and handle sex categories, the
societal significance applied to the functions of men and women and how people interpret their
distinctions like. Gender includes societal expectations, behaviours and practices that culture
finds more acceptable for one demographic than another. Sex often depends upon what an person
thinks and does. According to West and Zimmerman, this is not a particular characteristic it is' an
inherent characteristic of social circumstances both as a consequence and a justification for
specific social structures and as a way of legalize one of contemporary society very basic
inequalities. Social methodological individualism is among the primary ideas utilized by
sociologists in placing gender in the context of history and community (Gilchrist, 2012). This is
a philosophy of how significance is generated by social experience by the actions they are doing
and say to others. In almost every part of world, there have been number of issues which are
related with gender and this discrimination in increasing day by day. The main problem related
with gender all over the world is not equal treatment of men and women. In simple word, Gender
disparity accepts that males and females are not equivalent and also that gender has an impact on
the living life of an adult. Such variations arise from gaps in molecular, psychological and
cultural values. In virtually in almost every societies, women are in an inferior position to men.
These impact their role in all aspects of existence of culture, weather large or small, in the
community or jobs market, in political or economic existence, in control and decision taking and
in cultural gender relationships. Gender disparity is widespread globally in many fields of life
include schooling, housing, medical treatment, laws and crime. There are obvious signs of
sexism, including a large gap of compensation for males and females and are more complex
indicators of discrimination, including women's queries from separate interviews to men. There
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are number of gender inequality which are faced by the women while working in different places
such as:
1. Unequal pay: This have been observed that females are not gives equal pay many time
as compared to men working for the similar position. The main reason for discrimination
is that people in the workplace have the mind set that women are weaker than men while
handling tough situations as well as they are not able to easily accepts the hard work.
2. Sexual harassment: In the mean time, there have number of cases which are related with
women sexual harassment at the time of job. Many time top authority just want a favour
from female working within their office and give greed to female candidate related to
promotions (Harrington, 2016).
3. Women are less promoted than men: It have been also observed that women are less
promoted than males because of mentality of top authority as the thing a tough job role
can not be handle by women. In large companies many time it is determined that most of
the males have higher position as compared to women as manager thinks that female
worker cannot manage the work pressure as well as handle team in effective manner.
Crime is a intentional act which is against the legislation and causing temporary or
permanent injury, destruction or lack of property. Moreover, it is defined as any omission or act
that violates a specific rule that can be result to any punishment. It is observed that level of the
discourtesy will mainly set in proportion to the intensity of the crime. There are basically three
categories of crime which are discussed underneath:
 Felonies: Felonies seem to be the most severe offences one may perform. Felonies are
charged by one or two years in jail. There have been currently several jurisdictions that
enforce the death sentence on such forms of violent offences. Features other offences as
kidnapping, burglary and rape. Certain forms of financial offences, like a robbery or
larceny. One of the common example related with this sort of crime is Assassinations of
Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman were well known actor case involving a
criminal allegation. Celebrity O.J. Simpson, Nicole Brown Simpson's estranged partner
has been charged with the two victims murders. Thus after a long public hearing, simpson
was consider to be non guilty to all the murder charges imposed on him.
 Misdemeanors: These are offences that are less severe. Such offences are punished by
incarceration for less than a year (Harrington, 2019). Types of misdemeanors involve
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assault, harassment or poor test writing. For starters, in 2011, for stealing a $2,500
bracelet, actress Lindsay Lohan pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor crime.
 Violations: These are less severe than criminal offense, which involve road offense or
neighbourhood or county code breaches. Actor Alec Baldwin reportedly got a summons
in New York City for driving his motorcycle on the incorrect side of the platform. That's
one case of a New York City code breach.
There are several various forms of violence. Offences against persons are one type of
violence, also considered intimate offences. The harm caused by a personal offense is often
directed towards a victim. Homicide is really the action of one individual murdering another. A
homicide involves only a wilful act by another individual resulting in death, and so a murder can
resulting from unintentional, careless or incompetent actions, even though there is no intention to
inflict harm (Eck and Weisburd, 2015). This Crime group includes:
1. Murder: This is consider to be the most serious crime which could be changed involving
a homicide and the actual punishment to the person involved in crime can be for life time.
In basic words, a man commits a murder can be charged with murder below the felony
murder statute if anyone dies as a consequence of the crime committed.
2. Forcible rape: It is basically a act related to female being harassed forcefully against their
interest and will which many time lead to several issues that can destroy entire life of
female or even death can be caused (Talbot, 2016). In Forcible rape, the survivor is
discouraged from refusing the sexual assault owing to the use of intimidation by the
perpetrator or threats of physical abuse in situations where the individual is fairly of the
view that any resistance does not discourage rape.
3. Robbery: In simple term, it is defined as taking property or money of someone without
his her permission and making an attempt that the stolen thing belong to the thief is
known as Robbery. Robbery in most instances a felony, whereas stealing may be either a
criminal or a misdemeanor. In certain jurisdictions, the valuation of the lost goods relies
on if anyone will be convicted with minor or felony robbery. Theft and robbery
prosecutions hold a variety of possible sentences which differ according to state. The
new Crime Report survey for England and Wales revealed an 8 percent increase in theft
as compared to the prior year. The total rise in crime was not motivated by one form of
robbery, but by small changes across several sub-categories (Hyde, 2014). Police
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collected crime reports may also offer valuable information for forms of robbery
considered to be fairly well documented and registered. In the past year, police have
reported growth in crime but the current annual rise is smaller than the last few years.
4. Terrorism: It is defined in the broadest context which states that the usage of deliberate
aggression for religious or political purposes (León, 2019). In this respect, it is used
mainly to apply to abuse during times of peace or in a conflict toward anti-combatants.
There have been some serious terrorism crime due to which the entire world have not
forgotten like the Hiroshima and Nagasaki attack, Aeroplane attack on world biggest
world trade centre.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Brantingham, P. and Brantingham, P., 2013. Crime pattern theory. In Environmental criminology
and crime analysis (pp. 100-116). Willan.
Gilchrist, R., 2012. Gender and archaeology: contesting the past. Routledge.
Harrington, B., 2016. Walking, landscape and visual culture: how walkers engage with and
conceive of the landscap.
Harrington, B., 2016. Walking, landscape and visual culture: how walkers engage with and
conceive of the landscapes in which they walk (Doctoral dissertation, Northumbria
University).
Eck, J. and Weisburd, D. L., 2015. Crime places in crime theory. Crime and place: Crime
prevention studies, 4.
Hyde, J. S., 2014. Gender similarities and differences. Annual review of psychology, 65, pp.373-
398.
León, F., 2019. Autism, social connectedness, and minimal social acts. Adaptive
Behavior, 27(1), pp.75-89.
Talbot, M., 2019. Language and gender. John Wiley & Sons.
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