Exploring Theoretical Perspectives of Gender and Sexuality in Society

This report explores the concept of gender and sexuality with their interrelated theoretical perspectives. It discusses the influence of media on everyday experiences of gender and sexuality. The report also covers the subject of gender-based violence, gender wage disparities, and educational inequity. It takes examples from real-world instances and discusses feminist theory and Marxist ideology.

LC560 Gender and
Sexuality in Society

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................3
Exploring theoretical perspectives of gender and sexuality in society...................................3
Influence of Newspaper, online media, documentaries, or radio broadcasts on everyday
experiences of gender and sexuality.......................................................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................9

Introduction
The terms gender and sexuality are considered to be centrally important forces that shape
almost every aspect of an individual’s life. The stated terms in a culture of limitation provide a
glimpse of a regional economy reacting on the factors of political, social as well as cultural
influence (Altman, 2020). The provided report document will explore the concept of gender and
sexuality with their interrelated theoretical perspectives. This will engage better-coordinated
efforts when being engaged in the application of the theoretical approach. The instance of
effective learnings will be drawn taking an instance of two or more theoretical frameworks
discussed in the module. Finally, understandings would be made taking relevance of the
theoretical perspectives taking instance from real-world examples (Bjork‐James, 2020).
Main Body
Exploring theoretical perspectives of gender and sexuality in society
Society refers to a group of individuals that are being involved in persistent social
interactions while sharing the same social territory. Such individuals share common interests and
might have distinctive cultures and institutions. Gender is an important factor to consider as the
potential growth process while considering the social aspect for a regional economy (Epprecht,
2018). It's a way of looking at how societal norms and power structures could have a positive
influence on people's lives as well as the possibilities open to different groups of women and
men. With this regard, women are often considered to be underrated in comparison to males
when it comes to getting a basic education and being assigned to national and international
political positions.
When discussing sex, gender and diversity, it's important to remember that not everyone
falls into the double categories of female or male, women or men. When it comes to sex, many
people are born with biological traits that help them differentiate themselves as female or male.
People are still born with biological irregularities such as having both sexes, a condition known
as transgender. Many people are classified as cisgender in this case, which simply means that
their gender recognition is capable of challenging the sex they were assigned at birth. When it
comes to gender equality, both men and women can enjoy the same degrees of respect and
prestige within a society. It implies that people of all genders may have a comparable sense of
empowerment when it comes to human rights, approaches to possibilities and the ability to make

better decisions about their own lives. Finally, fostering gender equality entails changing the
nature of male and female relationships in order to create a more equitable society for all
(Friedman, 2018).
Many pieces of evidence exist in daily experiences of gender and sexuality in connection
to scholarly discussions on the sociology of gender and sexuality reflecting on gender-based
violence, gender wage disparities and educational inequality. Males are violent and treated more
powerfully than women in the majority of situations. Their unemotional behavior and
dominating character contribute to the issue of gender-based violence in a culture where men are
dominant. In addition to this, data relating to gender pay discrepancies are evident and supports
academic discussions (Hartsock, 2018). According to Wajdzik, (2020), in the United Kingdom,
women are often deemed less productive and so paid less than males. As a result, disparities and
inequality between men and women are felt in the framework of gender and sexuality sociology.
According to data from the United Kingdom's statistics agency, the gender pay gap
among full-time employees was 7.4 percent in April 2020, down from 9.0 percent in April 2019.
In addition to this, in 2020 it was founded that the wage disparity between men and women
among all employees was 15.5 percent, down from 17.4 percent in 2019. (Gender pay gap in the
UK: 2020, 2020).
Some theories, such as Marxist theory, feminist theory and others, are used to
demonstrate the views. Both of the aforementioned theories may successfully focus on inequities
and conflicts as essential elements of modern civilizations. In the perspective of Marxist
Feminism, the idea specifies the ways in which females are exploited through capitalism and
individual ownership of private property. According to theorists, female freedom can only be
achieved by dismantling the capitalist institutions in which they argue the paid status of certain
female workers. Through reflecting views of the theorist, the theory was based on delivering
better measures within an economy to avoid conflicts between the various class of individuals.
The Marxism theory also establishes a strong case for addressing social issues connected to
sociology in the framework of gender and sexuality, which explains gender conflicts and also
supports necessary reform and modification for the good. Marxism is an effective explanation for
society's unequal allocation of power and income, which leads to issues such as the gender pay
gap and gender-based violence (Hobby, Ullman and Ferfolja, 2021). Furthermore, Marxism has
had a significant effect on contemporary culture, and modern communism, which advocates for

equal rights for all people in a society founded on modern socialist beliefs, is derived from this
ideology.
This was one of the models that were taught in the given module. From the analysis,
feminist theory plays a critical role in ensuring equal rights and authority for women in
numerous sectors in order to address the issue of gender wage disparities and inequality in the
educational system. Furthermore, the Marxist ideology emphasizes the importance of fair
corporate power and equal remuneration for all employees, regardless of gender or
socioeconomic class. For the stated model theory better terms can be defined seeking productive
advantages within a social economy. The provided model delivers better terms on the basis of
which gender class of individuals within the society redefine its value and obtain specified
course of actions in regional society. Taking instance from real-world examples there are a
variety of instances through which gender inequality creates an issue while operating at the
workplace. According to Kim Parker and Cary Funk, (2017), it was extracted that 4 in ten
women that counts to 42% in the US states about facing discrimination on the job. The data
being extracted was based on the survey that was conducted in the summer which was before the
recent wave of sexual misconduct allegations against prominent men in politics, traditional
workplace as well as online media. The basis of understandings in the example was backed up
through focusing on constraints of differences by education, social believes and cultural aspects
within a society (Gender discrimination comes in many forms for today’s working women,
2017). Apart from that, the Functionalism theory is also supporting and favouring views that
explain how to reduce conflicts and disparities in society via socialization and providing
effective and fair social management. Apart from that, it can be deduced that functionalism
theory promotes and ensures equality in society for all members of society, including men and
women, by promoting complementary approaches to achieving overall stability and solidarity.
Aside from that, the Functionalism theory advocates for the successful adaptation of equitable
social norms and ethical behaviour through overcoming economic and social inequality by
promoting positive social change that promotes wage equity and a more equitable social
structure.
There are already various critical reviews of gender and sex distinction, with the
practicality of the category female being one of them. Feminism is typically seen as a movement
aimed at ending the discrimination that women as a group experience. Furthermore, various

characteristics associated with females can play a crucial part in what it means to be a female in
general and each of them is significant on its own. Gender and sexuality have come to be seen as
vitally essential and crucial influences in society, shaping and structuring the aspects and lives of
every individual within that society. Gender and sexuality is a method of looking at how social
norms and power structures function within a society, directing and greatly impacting the lives of
all individuals, as well as the availability of opportunity for groups of men and women in society
gender-based violence, gender wage disparities, and educational inequity, are just a few of the
frequent sociological difficulties that people face in everyday life. It has been observed that
society is male dominant, with men having more power and wealth. This, in turn, leads to men
physically and mentally torturing women in society, which is known as gender-based violence.
Gender-based violence has a negative impact on women's health and mental state, resulting in
disparity and gender inequality in society. Many sociological concerns in the context of gender
and sexuality have been in society from traditional times, and they continue to exist now
(Schwartz and Velotta, 2018).
Influence of Newspaper, online media, documentaries, or radio broadcasts on everyday
experiences of gender and sexuality
There is an effective role played by media for maintaining appropriate standards social
standards, values in association with gender and personal identity. The platform of social media
has risen as the best form of online media. The provided platform with its long reach has the
potential to capture a wide range of consumer markets. The stated media could prove to be an
effective stage under which defined terms of positivity could be spread within society. Taking
the context of inequality in gender media could influence the term positively as well as
negatively (Pickard, 2018). The term sexuality and gender refer to better relevancy to
experiences of individuals being obtained over a period of time within the regional participation
of individuals. This collaborates with effective terms on the basis of which coordinated efforts
can be produced that favours effective understanding and spreading positivity in the
environment. It can be stated that there is a greater influence of newspapers, documentaries,
radio broadcasts and online media when dealing with everyday experiences of sexuality and
gender. This engages taking use of provided platforms for spreading useful information
capturing a wider range of audience for the stated region.

From the analysis of the journal, it can be analysed that through the use of social medial
platforms the spread of information and data can be widespread amongst people. These people or
groups of individuals can be residents of several regions all over the world. The provided
platform provides better assistance for regulating the share of information throughout the world.
This guides a better course of action when being engaged with a variety of business tasks and
delivering a positive working environment throughout the regional markets.
According to Jessica Klein, (2021), the way of thinking about sexuality is changing at the
time it was considered a well-known rainbow pride flag. However, in the current business market
individuals deems to discuss their sexuality in a more unconventional, even formerly invisible. It
is being considered to 65% of women reported only being attracted to men for 2019 which
sudden decrease from 77% in 2011 (Why more women identify as sexually fluid than men,
2021).
Gender and sexuality have come to be seen as vitally essential and crucial influences in
society, shaping and structuring the aspects and lives of every individual within that society.
Gender and sexuality is a method of looking at how social norms and power structures function
within a society, directing and greatly impacting the lives of all individuals, as well as the
availability of opportunity for groups of men and women in society gender-based violence,
gender wage disparities, and educational inequity, are just a few of the frequent sociological
difficulties that people face in everyday life. It has been observed that society is male dominant,
with men having more power and wealth.
According to Amelia Butterly and Sandrine Lungumbu, (2020), it was stated that women
are performing more domestic chores and family care because of the impact of the pandemic. It
is being said that employment, as well as education opportunities, could be lost and with further
believe it is being said that women might suffer from poorer mental as well as physical health.
This could also impact on poor management of individuals of the region and thus have to keep in
mind various external environmental changes (Coronavirus and gender: More chores for women
set back gains inequality, 2020).
From the analysis of the above literature review presented, it is to be considered that
women were the targeted group those who were targeted. In addition to this, it was being
considered that due to gender discrimination females lack enough opportunities for education
which might have resulted in causing negative impacts on the culture within a society. This with

its extensive effect also leads to the unprepared negative impact that hinders ineffective growth
of an economic region and restricts potential development of the economic region.
Conclusion
From the analysis of the above report document, it can be concluded that terms gender
and sexuality are covered under vital elements within a society that are also framed as a social
and life structure. It has also been concluded that various social difficulties relating to gender and
sexuality exist in every community, including gender-based violence, gender wage disparities,
and educational inequity, all of which must be addressed and mitigated. As a result, numerous
views have arisen overtime to defend women's rights in society. In conclusion, feminist theory
plays a critical role in ensuring equal rights and authority for women in numerous sectors in
order to address the issue of gender wage disparities and inequality in the educational system.
Furthermore, the Marxist ideology emphasizes the importance of fair corporate power and equal
remuneration for all employees, regardless of gender or socioeconomic class.

References
Books and Journals
Altman, M., 2020. Clothes Make the (Wo) Man: The Fashion Industry as a means of restricting
Gender and Sexuality.
Bjork‐James, S., 2020. Racializing misogyny: Sexuality and gender in the new online white
nationalism. Feminist Anthropology, 1(2), pp.176-183.
Epprecht, M., 2018. Gender and Sexuality. Critical Terms for the Study of Africa, pp.127-44.
Friedman, E.J., 2018. Seeking rights from the left: gender and sexuality in Latin America.
In Women's Movements in the Global Era (pp. 265-298). Routledge.
Hartsock, N.C., 2018. Community/sexuality/gender: rethinking power. In Revisioning the
political (pp. 27-49). Routledge.
Hobby, L., Ullman, J. and Ferfolja, T., 2021. Parental Attitudes Towards Inclusiveness
Instrument (PATII): Psychometric evaluation of a new instrument measuring parental
beliefs about gender and sexuality diversity inclusions in schools. Journal of School
Psychology, 86, pp.222-242.
Pickard, S., 2018. Age, gender and sexuality through the life course: The girl in time. Routledge.
Schwartz, P. and Velotta, N., 2018. Gender and sexuality in aging. In Handbook of the Sociology
of Gender (pp. 329-347). Springer, Cham.
Online
Coronavirus and gender: More chores for women set back gains in equality, 2020. [Online].
Available at: <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-55016842>
Gender discrimination comes in many forms for today’s working women, 2017. [Online].
Available at: <https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/12/14/gender-discrimination-comes-
in-many-forms-for-todays-working-women/>
Gender pay gap in the UK: 2020. 2020. [Online] Available Through:<
https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworking
hours/bulletins/genderpaygapintheuk/2020>.
Why more women identify as sexually fluid than men, 2021. [Online]. Available at:
<https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210610-why-more-women-identify-as-sexually-fluid-
than-men>