Topic Needs to be Confirmed

Topic Needs to be Confirmed

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................1
EXPLANATION.............................................................................................................................2
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
The genetic engineering refers to a process which includes the criteria of modifying
genetic make up of particular organism. Science as a human endeavour includes several concepts
which make human capable to improve understanding and explanations to natural world. It also
involves certain effective uses of science which helps to people for making their life better (Bian
and et. al., 2012). Present research paper is based on the topic of genetic engineering with
relevant biological concepts along with an interaction between science and society. It also
involves discussion of potential impacts on several factors like quality of life, development,
social, economic and influence human activities.
BACKGROUND
The genetic engineering have an important role as it fight against diseases and improve
food or agricultural field. There are various kinds of methods that are used by specialist such as
gene targeting, nuclear transplantation, transfection of synthetic chromosomes or viral insertion.
Thus, all of these techniques are utilised to conduct a gene manipulation that involves genetic
make up of cells including transfer of genes within or across species boundaries to produce
improved or novel organisms. There are various kinds of aspects of genetic engineering through
which it provide support to lives of children living in society.
Genetic engineering can be described as procedure of transferring specific genes from the
chromosomes to one organism and transplanting them into new one species. The new produced
species are called genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the bacteria Names as E. coli is
termed as genetic engineer. It includes basic criteria of manually adding new DNA to an
organism and this process produces resulting recombinant DNA which involves several steps:
Firstly, it includes that desired DNA cleaved from donating chromosome by action of
restriction enzymes which recognize and cut specific nucleotide segments having two sticky ends
(STICKEL and et. al., 2018). These restriction enzymes also splice receiving chromosome in a
complementary location, again leaving “sticky ends” to receive the desired DNA. Secondly, the
required DNA fragment is inserted into a vector which is generally a plasmid for transfer to
receiving chromosome. Plasmids are known as ideal vector as they replicate easily. Thus, it is
circular DNA molecules found in cytoplasm of bacteria that make bond with desired DNA
fragment with help of joining enzyme known as DNA ligase. Additionally, when host cell
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