Genetic Materials and Mechanisms: DNA, Genes, Chromosomes, Mitosis, Meiosis

Task 22 Genetic Materials and
Mechanisms

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Explaining the structure of DNA, genes and chromosomes..................................................3
1.2 Description of the mechanism and its importance of DNA replication.................................5
1.3 Explaining the events of mitosis and meiosis........................................................................7
1.4 Comparison of the products of meiosis with mitosis.............................................................8
1.5 Importance of meiosis in the generation variation................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
Online........................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Genetic mechanism involves the series of the gene expression that starts within the
production of the MRNA which is a transcription. It is followed by its procedure and the
localization and becomes continue in the protein synthesis (Xiao and et.al., 2021). Each of the
step under this is regulated towards controlling the gene expression which are required. The
present report will shed a light over the genetic materials and mechanism. The report will
highlight the structure of DNA, genes and chromosomes. Also, description of the mechanism and
importance of DNA replication will be done. Furthermore, events of mitosis and meiosis will be
described. Moreover, comparison of the products of meiosis with mitosis will be done. Lastly,
importance of meiosis in generation variation will be explained.
MAIN BODY
1.1 Explaining the structure of DNA, genes and chromosomes
Figure 1- Structure of DNA
(Source- DNA, Structure, functions and discovery, 2021)

DNA is a double helical structure which resembles a twisted ladder. It comprises
of two strands which wind around each other and form the double helix shape. Each strand is
made of alternate deoxyribose and phosphate groups. These are known as polynucleotides and
comprise of monomeric units called as nucleotides (Srivastava and et.al., 2020). In each of the
nucleotides, there is one of the four nitrogen containing nucleobases, namely guanine, thymine,
cytosine and adenine. Covalent bonds join the nucleotides to one another by forming linkage
between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of another. This leads to the formation of
an alternate sugar phosphate backbone.
Figure 2-Structure of Gene
(Source-Gene heredity, 2021)
Gene are mainly composed of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which are aligned with
the genes consisting of the close related element which is known as ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Gene structure is the organization of the sequences compound within a gene. Genes mainly
contain the information which are necessary for the living organism in terms of surviving and