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Genetic Modified Microorganism for Bioremediation

   

Added on  2020-06-04

19 Pages6311 Words97 Views
Genetic modifiedmicroorganism forbioremediation

Table of Contents1.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3-Background/background of issue..........................................................................................................3-Outline of discussion (Issues that will be describe/contrast in the body...............................................5-Objective of paper......................................................................................................................................62.0 Genetic modification.............................................................................................................................7-processes/method.................................................................................................................................72.1. Bioremediation of Heavy Metals by Plants......................................................................................82.2 Heavy metals impact on Human health............................................................................................83.0 Mechanisms of Bioremediation.............................................................................................................9-Principles/Processes..............................................................................................................................9Mechanism of Bioredemtnaion by plants..............................................................................................9Bioremediation of heavy metals by microbes......................................................................................10Mechanism of Bioremediation by Microorganism................................................................................10-Effectiveness of methodology.............................................................................................................124.0 Application...........................................................................................................................................12-Advantages..........................................................................................................................................13-Disadvantages.....................................................................................................................................135.0 .............................................................................................................................................................146.0 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................14References ................................................................................................................................................16

TitleGenetically modified microorganisms for bioremediationAbstract-SummaryObjectives & introMethodsResultsConclusion discussion1.0 Introduction-Background/background of issueHeavy metals are high density metals, it can be found in theenvironment as it occurs naturally (Tchounwou et al. 2012). Due toincreasing industrial development, the demand and application of heavymetals increases. Thus, increasing in heavy metals level found in theenvironment. Although the contamination of heavy metals to theenvironment may be from a natural process like erosion, but humanactivities have contributed a significant amount to the contamination. Thesource of contamination are found to be from technological, agricultural,pharmaceutical, mining, metal based industrial activities, and even fromaging pipe lines (Bradl 2005; Denkhaus & Salnikow 2002; Magyar et al. 2014;Triantafyllidou & Edwards 2012). Heavy metal pollution has become a majorconcern for the environment and public health. Accumulation of heavymetals in the environment is hazardous. It contaminates the soil and water,affects the microbial community, plant growth, crop yields and even entersthe food chain. As it bioaccumulate and magnifies in the environment,human exposure to harmful level of heavy metal then increases (Ashraf et al.

2017). Some heavy metals may be harmless or are essential nutrients forliving organism, but it is toxic in excess amount (World Health Organization1996). Concentration, dose and exposure time of heavy metals may affecthuman health differently and the symptoms may vary. Heavy metal can becarcinogenic and mutagenic, causes health complications when exposed athigh level or for a long period of time (Denkhaus & Salnikow 2002). From the latest study it is identified that there are heavy metals post adverspost which have adverse effect on the few body part of human beings whichare kidneys, immunodeficiency neurotoxicity, osteoporosis. This organs getfailure and lead to create potential implication in impaired fertility (Rzymskiet al. 2015).In 2012, it is found that the drinking water supply of a town inTasmania, called Pioneer, was contaminated with lead, the leadconcentrations detected was above the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines(ADWG) of 10 μg/L. In the following years, reports have shown that the watersupplies in five other towns of Tasmania were also contaminated with lead,as well as arsenic and cadmium (Harvey, Handley & Taylor 2015).Further the exposure of high amount are the main reason behind thedamage of kidney and lead to and the production of red blood cells getinterference with it. Along with this it get interference with the metablism ofcalcium which is basically required for the formation of bone. There is achances of carcinogenic to humans which is identified by the theInternational Agency who conducted research on cancer. (NHMRC 2011).Incidences of heavy metal outbreaks have been recorded as early as theeighteenth century when lead and arsenic are widely used in paint.According to Whorton (2010), in 1954, Clare Luce, an American ambassador

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