Geographies of Metro Vancouver Case Study 2022
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Running head: Geographies of Metro Vancouver 1
Geographies of Metro Vancouver
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Geographies of Metro Vancouver
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GEOGRAPHIES OF METRO VANCOUVER 2
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
The current condition of transportation system in Vancouver........................................................4
Problem with metro Vancouver system of transportation...............................................................6
Recommendations for improving chaos in the Vancouver city.......................................................8
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
Reference list.................................................................................................................................12
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
The current condition of transportation system in Vancouver........................................................4
Problem with metro Vancouver system of transportation...............................................................6
Recommendations for improving chaos in the Vancouver city.......................................................8
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
Reference list.................................................................................................................................12
GEOGRAPHIES OF METRO VANCOUVER 3
Introduction
The increasing migration to the metropolitan cities hints towards the development of
unblemished transportation system. The current study therefore aims to understand the prevailing
conditions and issues associated with the transportation system in Vancouver. The increase in the
population acts as an indirect hint to cater the various needs of transportation. Since the year
1960, Vancouver has been subjected to several city plan designs. However, prevailing practical
limitations is the sustainability of the structure being built. In similar regards, increasing the
population can enhance the carry capacity of the city leading to overcrowding.
In the recent years, it can be seen that commuters are often subjected to series of
problems while travelling. It is for the same reason; it becomes important to understand that there
is a need for rapid transportation in Vancouver to reach to one place. The major challenge in
regards to multimodal transit can cut down the cost associated with daily commuting. The
current research program therefore works on checking the comfort levels expected by the
customers. In similar regards, it can be stated the mentioned plan seem promising in theoretical
perspective. However, in practical terms things may appear difficult.
The current condition of transportation system in Vancouver
Majority of residents in the Vancouver are in need of improved public transit at
the earliest. As per survey, carried out by Angus Reid Global for TransLink’s Mayors’ Council;
it can be seen that 90% of citizens believe in transit improvement. In addition to that 80% of
residents wants the elements of the plan $7.5 billion plan to be built immediately as opposed to
the traditional plan approached for most of the regions in major transit projects (dailyhive.com,
2018). In similar regards, it can be seen that the transportation is the second most important issue
Introduction
The increasing migration to the metropolitan cities hints towards the development of
unblemished transportation system. The current study therefore aims to understand the prevailing
conditions and issues associated with the transportation system in Vancouver. The increase in the
population acts as an indirect hint to cater the various needs of transportation. Since the year
1960, Vancouver has been subjected to several city plan designs. However, prevailing practical
limitations is the sustainability of the structure being built. In similar regards, increasing the
population can enhance the carry capacity of the city leading to overcrowding.
In the recent years, it can be seen that commuters are often subjected to series of
problems while travelling. It is for the same reason; it becomes important to understand that there
is a need for rapid transportation in Vancouver to reach to one place. The major challenge in
regards to multimodal transit can cut down the cost associated with daily commuting. The
current research program therefore works on checking the comfort levels expected by the
customers. In similar regards, it can be stated the mentioned plan seem promising in theoretical
perspective. However, in practical terms things may appear difficult.
The current condition of transportation system in Vancouver
Majority of residents in the Vancouver are in need of improved public transit at
the earliest. As per survey, carried out by Angus Reid Global for TransLink’s Mayors’ Council;
it can be seen that 90% of citizens believe in transit improvement. In addition to that 80% of
residents wants the elements of the plan $7.5 billion plan to be built immediately as opposed to
the traditional plan approached for most of the regions in major transit projects (dailyhive.com,
2018). In similar regards, it can be seen that the transportation is the second most important issue
GEOGRAPHIES OF METRO VANCOUVER 4
faced by the region. Nearly, 7 out of 10 individuals are seen to complain that traffic is poor and
needs immense improvement (dailyhive.com, 2018). Metro Vancouver is under immense
pressure in regards to affordability. As pointed out by Rydergren et al. (2018), strong
transportation system can help in enhancing the scope related to mobility.
In similar regards, it can be observed that 62% of citizens in transit vote rejected
50% increase within the regional sales tax for supporting the Council plan provided by the
Mayor (dailyhive.com, 2018). If the plan had been successful, then the plan can successfully
generate $2.5 billion in a decade that covers translink and even the traditional municipal
government’s transit investments. Under the mentioned model, the federal and even provincial
governments can reach the responsibility of making Vancouver a place with easy modes of
transportation.
Metro Vancouver is subjected to confront urgent and growing needs of
transportation on a large scale. Traffic congestion is seen to grow with quality of the air
degrading at every step. The declining quality of life coupled with urban sprawl is seen to
increase that in return can threat the level of competitiveness. Continuous under investing in
regional transportation system are seen to grow. In order to address the gaps in the transport
system investments are made in building “Golden Ears and Port Mann Bridges”, “Canada and
Evergreen Lines” and even the Translink. As pointed out by Waters (2017), translink is seen to
have broad responsibility for the local transportation system but lacks power in regards to proper
investment or even management. Demands abound for larger investment in regards to public
transits. Governance, organizational and even structural problems are seen to confront TransLink
in current state and their ability to deal with planning at regional level
faced by the region. Nearly, 7 out of 10 individuals are seen to complain that traffic is poor and
needs immense improvement (dailyhive.com, 2018). Metro Vancouver is under immense
pressure in regards to affordability. As pointed out by Rydergren et al. (2018), strong
transportation system can help in enhancing the scope related to mobility.
In similar regards, it can be observed that 62% of citizens in transit vote rejected
50% increase within the regional sales tax for supporting the Council plan provided by the
Mayor (dailyhive.com, 2018). If the plan had been successful, then the plan can successfully
generate $2.5 billion in a decade that covers translink and even the traditional municipal
government’s transit investments. Under the mentioned model, the federal and even provincial
governments can reach the responsibility of making Vancouver a place with easy modes of
transportation.
Metro Vancouver is subjected to confront urgent and growing needs of
transportation on a large scale. Traffic congestion is seen to grow with quality of the air
degrading at every step. The declining quality of life coupled with urban sprawl is seen to
increase that in return can threat the level of competitiveness. Continuous under investing in
regional transportation system are seen to grow. In order to address the gaps in the transport
system investments are made in building “Golden Ears and Port Mann Bridges”, “Canada and
Evergreen Lines” and even the Translink. As pointed out by Waters (2017), translink is seen to
have broad responsibility for the local transportation system but lacks power in regards to proper
investment or even management. Demands abound for larger investment in regards to public
transits. Governance, organizational and even structural problems are seen to confront TransLink
in current state and their ability to deal with planning at regional level
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GEOGRAPHIES OF METRO VANCOUVER 5
However, since then the newly elected governing body promised to increase the
transit budget to 50%. While the provincial government maintains the share limit within 33%
margin leaving Translink and the municipal government with a smaller share of 17% (Canseco,
2019). A large majority of people is seen to agree with the notion that new funding model is
needed for better scope of transportation. In similar regards, it can be observed that transit vote
was in favour of how to fund the transit for improving the current conditions of transportation.
The plan proposed by the Mayor’s council works on fulling the exact transit plan that costs $4.5
billion (Canseco, 2019).
Regional transport strategy
The transport strategy at regional level can be termed as a long range plan on the way
people are seen to live around and work in the current time. As pointed out by Gyergyay et al.
(2018), the cooperation between federal, local and even provincial level. The current plan
pertaining to RTS strategic framework is helpful in guiding transport related decisions to 2045.
The actions they have started to deliver are detailed in the way as per the 10-year vision by
Mayor’s council. Once the final phase is completed the mentioned vision needs to build out the
entire transit system that was envisioned 30 years ago
Problem with metro Vancouver system of transportation
The transportation challenges faced by metro Vancouver are real that is measurable and
even significant. The traffic congestion can lead to problems such as transportation issues that
can be evaluated as follows.
Congestion: Diverse studies have found the fact that congestion across Vancouver can
lead to reduction in quality of life and is linked with relatively high rates of costs and time. In
However, since then the newly elected governing body promised to increase the
transit budget to 50%. While the provincial government maintains the share limit within 33%
margin leaving Translink and the municipal government with a smaller share of 17% (Canseco,
2019). A large majority of people is seen to agree with the notion that new funding model is
needed for better scope of transportation. In similar regards, it can be observed that transit vote
was in favour of how to fund the transit for improving the current conditions of transportation.
The plan proposed by the Mayor’s council works on fulling the exact transit plan that costs $4.5
billion (Canseco, 2019).
Regional transport strategy
The transport strategy at regional level can be termed as a long range plan on the way
people are seen to live around and work in the current time. As pointed out by Gyergyay et al.
(2018), the cooperation between federal, local and even provincial level. The current plan
pertaining to RTS strategic framework is helpful in guiding transport related decisions to 2045.
The actions they have started to deliver are detailed in the way as per the 10-year vision by
Mayor’s council. Once the final phase is completed the mentioned vision needs to build out the
entire transit system that was envisioned 30 years ago
Problem with metro Vancouver system of transportation
The transportation challenges faced by metro Vancouver are real that is measurable and
even significant. The traffic congestion can lead to problems such as transportation issues that
can be evaluated as follows.
Congestion: Diverse studies have found the fact that congestion across Vancouver can
lead to reduction in quality of life and is linked with relatively high rates of costs and time. In
GEOGRAPHIES OF METRO VANCOUVER 6
addition to that, translink is seen to warn the metro Vancouver commuters that delays are just a
part of journey especially during the instances of heavy snowfall. The widely affected are the
SkyTrain lines as limited trains are able to run. Each train needs to be staffed properly for
understanding the travel issues. However, it should be understood that transportation is not
limited to trains; on demand bus supply is on testing their efficacy.
Translink testing on demand bus in metro Vancouver:
Translink CEO announced a project that enhances the existing bus services as per the
demands of the commuters in Vancouver. The mentioned proposition put forwards a plan that
the commuters can book a bus as per requirements and the drop off and pick up locations are as
per the demands of the commuters. There are chances of several bus detours due to poor road
conditions and transit agency is seen to make coach substitutions to better handle the trips.
Translink is seen to have route specific changes and alerts posted in Translink website. Translink
for the better mode of transportation is seen to provide the following solutions:
Translink tomorrow provides the commitment that to improve the events related to
mobility within the Vancouver by exploring, testing and improving the existing systems through
the use of innovation. In similar regards, Translink to more innovative and nimble approach for
collaborating with different industrial sectors and plans to surface worthwhile ideas that creates
the following provision. Firstly, enable seamless but highly efficient door to door scope of
mobility for goods and people. Secondly, promote safety and healthy communities and thirdly,
provide affordable and equal access to everyone. Starting from battery operated cars to on
demand micro transit; Trans link is searching for cost effective ways to travel while
encompassing innovation.
addition to that, translink is seen to warn the metro Vancouver commuters that delays are just a
part of journey especially during the instances of heavy snowfall. The widely affected are the
SkyTrain lines as limited trains are able to run. Each train needs to be staffed properly for
understanding the travel issues. However, it should be understood that transportation is not
limited to trains; on demand bus supply is on testing their efficacy.
Translink testing on demand bus in metro Vancouver:
Translink CEO announced a project that enhances the existing bus services as per the
demands of the commuters in Vancouver. The mentioned proposition put forwards a plan that
the commuters can book a bus as per requirements and the drop off and pick up locations are as
per the demands of the commuters. There are chances of several bus detours due to poor road
conditions and transit agency is seen to make coach substitutions to better handle the trips.
Translink is seen to have route specific changes and alerts posted in Translink website. Translink
for the better mode of transportation is seen to provide the following solutions:
Translink tomorrow provides the commitment that to improve the events related to
mobility within the Vancouver by exploring, testing and improving the existing systems through
the use of innovation. In similar regards, Translink to more innovative and nimble approach for
collaborating with different industrial sectors and plans to surface worthwhile ideas that creates
the following provision. Firstly, enable seamless but highly efficient door to door scope of
mobility for goods and people. Secondly, promote safety and healthy communities and thirdly,
provide affordable and equal access to everyone. Starting from battery operated cars to on
demand micro transit; Trans link is searching for cost effective ways to travel while
encompassing innovation.
GEOGRAPHIES OF METRO VANCOUVER 7
Proposed fund for transit expansion in metro Vancouver
After a year of failure of the proposed plan, the translink plan was put up for meeting the
transport needs. In order to raise the fund needed there can be a nominal increase in tax on
property with average increase of $3.00 per household. It can be additionally stated out that
property tax increase would reach up to $340 million in next 10 years (Garau, Masala& Pinna,
2016). In addition to that there would be 2% increase in transit fares the revenue generated from
the increase in fare can be used for expanding the transit service for generating additional $550
million over a decade. The Council by Mayor plans to move ahead with the plan for introducing
region wide tolling to support bridge infrastructure. Based on that, it can be expected the tolls
would begin in 2021. However, García-Palomares et al. (2018) argued the fact that improvement
in regards to the infrastructure demands approval from provincial government. Nevertheless,
provincial government raised the concern that tolls at new regional levels could be cause of
another transit plebiscite.
Other sources of revenue are generated from development tax near transit stations
generating minimum of $15 million every year (Bian, 2016). Selling the surplus properties of
Translink for minimum $100 million can fund 10 years’ transit investments. In regards to the
underground extension between Arbutus Street and the new Surrey Light Rail, the municipal of
Vancouver will help offset costs by creating provision for railway infrastructure. The total cost
associated with improvement in regards to transit is $7.5 million; municipal government with
Translink provided $5 million from their revenue streams in order to meet the 17% share
(Mangione, 2018).
However, research based survey provides a clear understanding to the fact that metro
Vancouver can lose billions in federal transit due to provincial inaction. The government
Proposed fund for transit expansion in metro Vancouver
After a year of failure of the proposed plan, the translink plan was put up for meeting the
transport needs. In order to raise the fund needed there can be a nominal increase in tax on
property with average increase of $3.00 per household. It can be additionally stated out that
property tax increase would reach up to $340 million in next 10 years (Garau, Masala& Pinna,
2016). In addition to that there would be 2% increase in transit fares the revenue generated from
the increase in fare can be used for expanding the transit service for generating additional $550
million over a decade. The Council by Mayor plans to move ahead with the plan for introducing
region wide tolling to support bridge infrastructure. Based on that, it can be expected the tolls
would begin in 2021. However, García-Palomares et al. (2018) argued the fact that improvement
in regards to the infrastructure demands approval from provincial government. Nevertheless,
provincial government raised the concern that tolls at new regional levels could be cause of
another transit plebiscite.
Other sources of revenue are generated from development tax near transit stations
generating minimum of $15 million every year (Bian, 2016). Selling the surplus properties of
Translink for minimum $100 million can fund 10 years’ transit investments. In regards to the
underground extension between Arbutus Street and the new Surrey Light Rail, the municipal of
Vancouver will help offset costs by creating provision for railway infrastructure. The total cost
associated with improvement in regards to transit is $7.5 million; municipal government with
Translink provided $5 million from their revenue streams in order to meet the 17% share
(Mangione, 2018).
However, research based survey provides a clear understanding to the fact that metro
Vancouver can lose billions in federal transit due to provincial inaction. The government
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GEOGRAPHIES OF METRO VANCOUVER 8
allocated $3.4 billionfrom transit initiative. A second phase of biggest share federal plan in
regards to the better prospect of transit within the chosen city. In similar regards Curtis and
Scheurer (2015), stated the fact transit is often perceived as a high cost affair and even a low
reward issue. They are more inclined for pursuing short term goals starting from highways to
bridges. Thus, it can be stated if provincial government cannot keep aside their political
differences for creating better transition and course of transportation.
Recommendations for improving chaos in the Vancouver city
The transportation is of prime importance. The half plea and demand of
better transportation facilities is the main mode of transportation. Thus, it can be conclusively
stated transit expansion is often perceived as a long term solution. Based on the above stated it
can be easily stated those individuals who raised demand for better communication are
absolutely right. A lot of projects on the way including exterior signs relating to communication
delays happen every other day. Thus, Translink will continue to make way for real time
information on the social media sites. Hence, it can be recommended that use of own cell phone
software application, so that the riders are not dependent on third parties. Translink additionally
pointed out the fact that it is important to ensure predictability of the transportation system
In addition to that, it can be stated the aspect of transportation can be
made correct by planning the city is of prime importance. As stated previously, the expanding
movement to the metropolitan urban areas clues towards the advancement of immaculate
transportation framework. The present examination in this manner means to comprehend the
predominant conditions and issues related with the transportation framework in Vancouver. The
expansion in the populace goes about as a circuitous insight to cook the different needs of
transportation. Since the year 1960, Vancouver has been exposed to a few city plan structures. In
allocated $3.4 billionfrom transit initiative. A second phase of biggest share federal plan in
regards to the better prospect of transit within the chosen city. In similar regards Curtis and
Scheurer (2015), stated the fact transit is often perceived as a high cost affair and even a low
reward issue. They are more inclined for pursuing short term goals starting from highways to
bridges. Thus, it can be stated if provincial government cannot keep aside their political
differences for creating better transition and course of transportation.
Recommendations for improving chaos in the Vancouver city
The transportation is of prime importance. The half plea and demand of
better transportation facilities is the main mode of transportation. Thus, it can be conclusively
stated transit expansion is often perceived as a long term solution. Based on the above stated it
can be easily stated those individuals who raised demand for better communication are
absolutely right. A lot of projects on the way including exterior signs relating to communication
delays happen every other day. Thus, Translink will continue to make way for real time
information on the social media sites. Hence, it can be recommended that use of own cell phone
software application, so that the riders are not dependent on third parties. Translink additionally
pointed out the fact that it is important to ensure predictability of the transportation system
In addition to that, it can be stated the aspect of transportation can be
made correct by planning the city is of prime importance. As stated previously, the expanding
movement to the metropolitan urban areas clues towards the advancement of immaculate
transportation framework. The present examination in this manner means to comprehend the
predominant conditions and issues related with the transportation framework in Vancouver. The
expansion in the populace goes about as a circuitous insight to cook the different needs of
transportation. Since the year 1960, Vancouver has been exposed to a few city plan structures. In
GEOGRAPHIES OF METRO VANCOUVER 9
any case, winning functional constraints is the manageability of the structure being assembled. In
comparative respects, expanding the populace can upgrade the convey limit of the city prompting
stuffing.
In the statement mentioned above, it can be conclusively stated
community planning is of prime importance for limiting the incidents related to traffic
congestion (Adli, Chowdhury& Shiftan, 2019). It has been pointed out on several occasions that
it becomes difficult to time plan with family, if maximum of time is spent in daily travel. Thus,
based on the past experiences, it can be stated Translink highway would be discouraged from
those living near the area away from driving. However, the sky train expansion is unlikely to
happen until it makes use of high land density. Thankfully, cities have realised the importance of
building better transportation system after realising that building expensive transportation and
infrastructure system is not the solution. As influenced by Burch, Graham & Mitchell (2018),
proper planning is important additionally, it can be stated that a good transit can be termed as a
reward for the communities that are seen to embrace density. Perhaps a better solution that can
be recommended is improving affordability in regards to housing. However, there is an existence
of affordable housing options at North Shore and it is for the same reason, many who are seen to
work there cannot reside there.
However, few individuals residing in the North Shore worry about the
affordable renting options are at risk of bringing more traffic. Thus, as influenced by Rundmo et
al. (2018), it can be recommended that building smart cities that are well connected with transits
is the answer to the traffic related problems in Vancouver. Metro Vancouver is exposed to go up
against pressing and developing needs of transportation on an enormous scale. Traffic clog
apparently grows with nature of the air debasing at each progression. The declining personal
any case, winning functional constraints is the manageability of the structure being assembled. In
comparative respects, expanding the populace can upgrade the convey limit of the city prompting
stuffing.
In the statement mentioned above, it can be conclusively stated
community planning is of prime importance for limiting the incidents related to traffic
congestion (Adli, Chowdhury& Shiftan, 2019). It has been pointed out on several occasions that
it becomes difficult to time plan with family, if maximum of time is spent in daily travel. Thus,
based on the past experiences, it can be stated Translink highway would be discouraged from
those living near the area away from driving. However, the sky train expansion is unlikely to
happen until it makes use of high land density. Thankfully, cities have realised the importance of
building better transportation system after realising that building expensive transportation and
infrastructure system is not the solution. As influenced by Burch, Graham & Mitchell (2018),
proper planning is important additionally, it can be stated that a good transit can be termed as a
reward for the communities that are seen to embrace density. Perhaps a better solution that can
be recommended is improving affordability in regards to housing. However, there is an existence
of affordable housing options at North Shore and it is for the same reason, many who are seen to
work there cannot reside there.
However, few individuals residing in the North Shore worry about the
affordable renting options are at risk of bringing more traffic. Thus, as influenced by Rundmo et
al. (2018), it can be recommended that building smart cities that are well connected with transits
is the answer to the traffic related problems in Vancouver. Metro Vancouver is exposed to go up
against pressing and developing needs of transportation on an enormous scale. Traffic clog
apparently grows with nature of the air debasing at each progression. The declining personal
GEOGRAPHIES OF METRO VANCOUVER 10
satisfaction combined with urban spread apparently increases that consequently can risk the
degree of aggressiveness. Nonstop underinvesting in local transportation framework are believed
to develop
Transportation minister of Vancouver states the frustration faced by the
daily commuters is understandable. Hence, it can be stated affordability is the bottom line. The
government plans to provide a clear scope of better housing facilities. As stated by Nazari Adli,
Chowdhury & Shiftan (2019), better housing facilities can help the citizens to spend better
quality time with family. In the ongoing years, it tends to be seen that workers are regularly
exposed to arrangement of issues while voyaging. It is for a similar reason; it ends up essential to
comprehend that there is a requirement for fast transportation in Vancouver to reach to one spot.
The real test concerning multimodal travel can chop down the expense related with day by day
driving. The ebb and flow research program in this way takes a shot at checking the solace levels
expected by the clients. In comparable respects, it very well may be expressed the referenced
arrangement appear to be encouraging in hypothetical point of view. In any case, in down to
earth terms things may seem troublesome.
Things may appear difficult in case the Translink as they need to
interact on a wider basis. The use of social interactive platform can thus work out bringing the
problems faced by the people and propose recommended solutions. In similar regards, the use of
multiple modal transportation gained immense importance and the Translink is seen to make use
of the mentioned mode of transportation to answer the needs of the travellers.
satisfaction combined with urban spread apparently increases that consequently can risk the
degree of aggressiveness. Nonstop underinvesting in local transportation framework are believed
to develop
Transportation minister of Vancouver states the frustration faced by the
daily commuters is understandable. Hence, it can be stated affordability is the bottom line. The
government plans to provide a clear scope of better housing facilities. As stated by Nazari Adli,
Chowdhury & Shiftan (2019), better housing facilities can help the citizens to spend better
quality time with family. In the ongoing years, it tends to be seen that workers are regularly
exposed to arrangement of issues while voyaging. It is for a similar reason; it ends up essential to
comprehend that there is a requirement for fast transportation in Vancouver to reach to one spot.
The real test concerning multimodal travel can chop down the expense related with day by day
driving. The ebb and flow research program in this way takes a shot at checking the solace levels
expected by the clients. In comparable respects, it very well may be expressed the referenced
arrangement appear to be encouraging in hypothetical point of view. In any case, in down to
earth terms things may seem troublesome.
Things may appear difficult in case the Translink as they need to
interact on a wider basis. The use of social interactive platform can thus work out bringing the
problems faced by the people and propose recommended solutions. In similar regards, the use of
multiple modal transportation gained immense importance and the Translink is seen to make use
of the mentioned mode of transportation to answer the needs of the travellers.
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GEOGRAPHIES OF METRO VANCOUVER 11
Conclusion
Based on the study, it can be easily stated, it is important to understand
the fact that multimodal mode of transportation system is important for removing barriers to
commute. Thus, it can be stated the proposed multimodal transportation by Translink can fetch
right results if integrated in a right way and control a single mode of transportation rather than
series of authorities working hard to create a service that can meet the needs of commuters. In
addition to that, it can be concluded, transportation system such as Translink need to incorporate
better strategies for ensuring smooth mode of travel for people working in Vancouver
Reference list
Adli, S. N., Chowdhury, S., & Shiftan, Y. (2019). Justice in public transport systems: A
comparative study of Auckland, Brisbane, Perth and Vancouver. Cities, 90, 88-99.
Bian, J. (2016). The Effectiveness of Using a Public-Private-Partnership Model for Urban Rail
Transit: The Vancouver Case.
Burch, S., Graham, A., & Mitchell, C. (2018). Agency, Space and Partnerships: Exploring key
dimensions of urban living labs in Vancouver, Canada. In Urban Living Labs (pp. 189-
209). Routledge.
Canitez, F. (2019). Urban public transport systems from new institutional economics perspective:
a literature review. Transport Reviews, 39(4), 511-530.
Canseco, M. (2019). One in four Metro Vancouver commuters think getting around has gotten
worse in the last five years. Retrieved 29 July 2019, from
https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/2019/05/14/metro-vancouver-commuters-
driving-transit-poll/
Conclusion
Based on the study, it can be easily stated, it is important to understand
the fact that multimodal mode of transportation system is important for removing barriers to
commute. Thus, it can be stated the proposed multimodal transportation by Translink can fetch
right results if integrated in a right way and control a single mode of transportation rather than
series of authorities working hard to create a service that can meet the needs of commuters. In
addition to that, it can be concluded, transportation system such as Translink need to incorporate
better strategies for ensuring smooth mode of travel for people working in Vancouver
Reference list
Adli, S. N., Chowdhury, S., & Shiftan, Y. (2019). Justice in public transport systems: A
comparative study of Auckland, Brisbane, Perth and Vancouver. Cities, 90, 88-99.
Bian, J. (2016). The Effectiveness of Using a Public-Private-Partnership Model for Urban Rail
Transit: The Vancouver Case.
Burch, S., Graham, A., & Mitchell, C. (2018). Agency, Space and Partnerships: Exploring key
dimensions of urban living labs in Vancouver, Canada. In Urban Living Labs (pp. 189-
209). Routledge.
Canitez, F. (2019). Urban public transport systems from new institutional economics perspective:
a literature review. Transport Reviews, 39(4), 511-530.
Canseco, M. (2019). One in four Metro Vancouver commuters think getting around has gotten
worse in the last five years. Retrieved 29 July 2019, from
https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/2019/05/14/metro-vancouver-commuters-
driving-transit-poll/
GEOGRAPHIES OF METRO VANCOUVER 12
Currie, G., & De Gruyter, C. (2018). Exploring links between the sustainability performance of
urban public transport and land use in international cities. Journal of Transport and
Land Use, 11(1), 325-342.
Curtis, C., & Scheurer, J. (2015). Performance measures for public transport accessibility:
Learning from international practice. The Journal of Transport and Land Use, 10(1), 1-
26.
dailyhive.com (2018) 90% of Metro Vancouver residents want major transit improvements right
now: survey | News. Retrieved 29 July 2019, from
https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/metro-vancouver-public-transit-improvements-survey
De Gruyter, C., Currie, G., & Rose, G. (2016). Sustainability measures of urban public transport
in cities: A world review and focus on the Asia/Middle East
Region. Sustainability, 9(1), 43.
Garau, C., Masala, F., & Pinna, F. (2016). Cagliari and smart urban mobility: Analysis and
comparison. Cities, 56, 35-46.
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proximity to public transport: the role of street network design.
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